|
Sibayak
Mount Sibayak () is a stratovolcano overlooking the town of Berastagi in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Although its last eruption was more than a century ago, geothermal activity in the form of steam vents and hot springs remains high on and around the volcano. The vents produce crystalline sulfur, which was mined on a small scale in the past. Seepage of sulfurous gases has also caused acidic discolouration of the small crater lake. Sibayak is a term from the Karo Batak language referring to a founding community. Mount Sibayak is relatively easy to climb and has been a tourist attraction since colonial times. File:Gunung Sibayak 2015-05-24.jpeg, Crater of Gunung Sibayak. Mount Sinabung in the back. File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Grand Hotel Brastagi aan de voet van de vulkaan Sibayak TMnr 60021770.jpg, Mount Sibayak in the 1920s File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Sibajak raja berampat - de zogenaamde viervorsten - met hun vrouwen Karolanden Noord-Sumatra TMnr 10005425.jpg, The "Siba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karo (people)
The Karo (also known as Karo Batak) people are a people of the ''Tanah Karo'' (Karo lands) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The Karo lands consist of Karo Regency, plus neighboring areas in East Aceh Regency, Langkat Regency, Dairi Regency, Simalungun Regency, and Deli Serdang Regency. In addition, the cities of Binjai and Medan, both bordered by Deli Serdang Regency, contain significant Karo populations, particularly in the Padang Bulan area of Medan. The town of Sibolangit, Deli Serdang Regency in the foothills of the road from Medan to Berastagi is also a significant Karo town. Karoland contains two major volcanoes, Mount Sinabung, which erupted after 400 years of dormancy on 27 August 2010 and Mount Sibayak. Karoland consists of the cooler highlands and the upper and lower lowlands. The Karolands were conquered by the Dutch in 1904. In 1906, roads to the highlands were constructed, ending the isolation of the highland Karo people. The road linked Medan and the low ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berastagi
Berastagi (), is a town and district of Karo Regency situated on a crossroads on the main route linking the Karo highlands of Northern Sumatra to the coastal city of Medan. Berastagi town is located around south of Medan and about above sea level. The village rose to significance when Dutch settlers in Sumatra opened a boarding school there in the 1920s. Climate Located in the Barisan Mountains area, the mean annual temperature of the district is . During the day the temperature rises over but at night to early morning it could drop to as low as , it could also reach during the rainy season. The weather can be fair and sunny during the day but may become foggy around dusk to night. Administration Villages The small towns of Barusjahe and Tigapanah are located to the east of Berastagi, while Simpang Empat, is located to the west, Deli Serdang Regency to the north, and Kabanjahe to the south of Berastagi. There are 9 villages, called ''desa'', in the Berastagi d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Garuda Fokker F28 Crash
On 11 July 1979, a Garuda Indonesian Airways Fokker F28 Fellowship, Fokker F28 airliner on a domestic flight in Indonesia from Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport, Talang Betutu Airport, Palembang, to Soewondo Air Force Base, Polonia International Airport (now Soewondo Air Force Base), Medan, struck Mount Sibayak at on approach to landing, with no survivors.UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary (ICAO Summary 11/79) Background Aircraft The aircraft involved, manufactured on 25 August 1972, was a 7-year-old Fokker F28 Fellowship, Fokker F28-1000 registered as PK-GVE with serial number 11055. It was previously registered as PK-GJV before being re-registered as PK-GVE in July 1974. It had a total of 14,154 flight hours in 14,084 flight cycles. The aircraft was named ''Mamberamo'' after the Mamberamo River in Western New Guinea. It was purchased by Garuda Indonesia Airways in 1972 for less than . By March in 1979, the airline owned 30 Fokker F28s before losing on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geothermal Energy In Indonesia
Geothermal power in Indonesia is an increasingly significant source of Renewable Energy, renewable energy. As a result of its Volcanism of Indonesia, volcanic geology, it is often reported that Indonesia has 40% of the world's potential geothermal energy, geothermal resources, estimated at 28,000 watt, megawatts (MW).Tom Allard: "Indonesia's hot terrain set to power its future" ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 1 May 2010, retrieved 25 August 2010 With 2,356 MW of installed capacity as of year-end 2022, this puts Indonesia in second place in the world after the Geothermal energy in the United States, United States in utilizing geothermal power, superseding the Geothermal power in the Philippines, Philippines. In 2007, geothermal energy r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sumatra
North Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan on the east coast of the island. It borders Aceh to the northwest, Riau to the southeast, West Sumatra to the south, the Indian Ocean to the west, and the Strait of Malacca (with a maritime border with Malaysia) to the east. With a 2020 population around 14.8 million and a mid-2024 estimate around 15.6 million, North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province and the most populous province outside of Java, Java Island. At , North Sumatra is the third-largest province in area on the island of Sumatra behind South Sumatra and Riau. Major ethnic groups include the Malay Indonesian, Malay, native to the east coast; several Batak groups, indigenous to the west coast and central highlands; the Nias people of Nias, Nias Island and its surrounding islets; and Chinese Indonesian, Chinese, Javanese people, Javanese, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanic Crater Lake
A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a volcanic crater, crater that was formed by explosive eruption, explosive activity or a caldera, collapse during a types of volcanic eruptions, volcanic eruption. Formation Lakes in calderas fill large craters formed by the collapse of a volcano during an eruption. Lakes in maars fill medium-sized craters where an eruption deposited debris around a vent. Crater lakes form as the created depression, within the Rim (craters), crater rim, is filled by water. The water may come from Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, groundwater circulation (often Hot Spring, hydrothermal fluids in the case of volcanic craters) or melted ice. Its level rises until an equilibrium is reached between the rates of incoming and outgoing water. Sources of water loss singly or together may include evaporation, subsurface seepage, and, in places, surface leakage or overflow when the lake level reaches the lowest point on its rim. At such a saddle location, the u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Volcanoes In Indonesia
The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Australian plate, Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatoa for its global effects in 1883, the Lake Toba Caldera for its supervolcano, supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 Before Present, years before present which was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815. Volcanoes in Indonesia are part of the Alpide belt, alpida belt and Pacific Ring of Fire. The 150 entries in the list below are grouped into six geographical regions, four of which belong to the volcanoes of the Sunda Arc trench system. The remaining two groups are volcanoes of Halmahera, including its surrounding volcanic islands, and volcanoes of Sulawesi and the Sangihe Islands. The latter group is in one volcanic arc together with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:en:Mount Sinabung
Mount Sinabung (; , ''Deleng Sinabung'') is a Pleistocene-to-Holocene stratovolcano of andesite and dacite in the Karo plateau of Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, from the Lake Toba supervolcano. Many old lava flows are on its flanks and the last known eruption, before recent times, occurred 1200 years before present, between 740 - 880 CE. Solfataric activities (cracks where steam, gas, and lava are emitted) were last observed at the summit in 1912; recent documented events include an eruption in the early hours of 29 August 2010 and eruptions in September and November 2013, January, February and October 2014. The volcano has recently claimed the life of at least 23 people in a number of events since 2014. Between 2013 and 2014, the alert for a major event was increased with no significant activity. On 2 June 2015, the alert was again increased, and on 26 June 2015, at least 10,000 people were evacuated, fearing a major eruption. The long eruption of Mount Sinabung is si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanic Crater Lakes
A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes resulting from divergent tectonic activity are usually non-explosive whereas those resulting from convergent tectonic activity cause violent eruptions."Mid-ocean ridge tectonics, volcanism and geomorphology." Geology 26, no. 455 (2001): 458. https://macdonald.faculty.geol.ucsb.edu/papers/Macdonald%20Mid-Ocean%20Ridge%20Tectonics.pdf Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains Of Sumatra
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers. High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanoes Of Sumatra
A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes resulting from divergent tectonic activity are usually non-explosive whereas those resulting from convergent tectonic activity cause violent eruptions."Mid-ocean ridge tectonics, volcanism and geomorphology." Geology 26, no. 455 (2001): 458. https://macdonald.faculty.geol.ucsb.edu/papers/Macdonald%20Mid-Ocean%20Ridge%20Tectonics.pdf Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subduction Volcanoes
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent boundaries between tectonic plates. Where one tectonic plate converges with a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the other and sinks into the mantle. A region where this process occurs is known as a subduction zone, and its surface expression is known as an arc-trench complex. The process of subduction has created most of the Earth's continental crust. Rates of subduction are typically measured in centimeters per year, with rates of convergence as high as 11 cm/year. Subduction is possible because the cold and rigid oceanic lithosphere is slightly denser than the underlying asthenosphere, the hot, ductile layer in the upper mantle. Once initiated, stable subduction is driven mostly by the negative buoyancy of the dense subducting lithosphere. The down-going slab sinks into the mantle largely under its own weig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
