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Sialk
Tepe Sialk () is a large ancient archeological site (a ''tepe'', "hill, tell") in a suburb of the city of Kashan, Isfahan Province, in central Iran, close to Fin Garden. The culture that inhabited this area has been linked to the Zayandeh River Culture. History A joint study between Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization, the Louvre, and the Institut Francais de Recherche en Iran also verifies the oldest settlements in Sialk to date to around 6000–5500 BC. The Sialk ziggurat was built around 3000 BC. Sialk, and the entire area around it, is thought to have originated as a result of the pristine large water sources nearby that still run today. The Cheshmeh ye Soleiman (Solomon's Spring) has been bringing water to this area from nearby mountains for thousands of years. The Fin garden, built in its present form in the 17th century, is a popular tourist attraction. It is here that the kings of the Safavid dynasty would spend their vacations away from their capital cities. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi
Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi () (24 April 1940 - 12 October 2020) was an Iranian archaeologist and anthropologist. Career Shahmirzadi is the author of over 60 research articles and books. Shahmirzadi's book, ''Dictionary of Archeology English-Persian-Persian-English,'' published in 1997, is still in print. Tepe Sialk is reportedly one of the most important prehistoric excavations in Iran, and a team of Iranian archaeologists led by Shahmirzadi launched the Sialk Reconsideration Project in 1999. Tepe Sialk was by a team headed by Roman Ghirshman and his wife Tania Ghirshman, excavated Tepe Sialk for three seasons (1933, 1934, and 1937) before Shahmirzadi. In 2004, the Iranian Cultural Heritage News Agency reported that, "Iranian archeologists planned to identify the food basket and diet of the people who lived in the historical site of Sialk over 7,000 years ago," and "Shahmirzadi, discoverer of the ziggurat, ashead of the research team." Speaking at the Bolaghi Gorge (Tangeh B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashan
Kashan (; ) is a city in the Central District (Kashan County), Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. History Earliest evidence of human presence around Kashan date back to Paleolithic period that have been found at Neyasar, Kaftar Khoun and Sefid-Ab. Middle Paleolithic stone tools were discovered at travertine spring of Niasar and the travertine of Kaftar Khoun. Upper Paleolithic groups were living around Sefid-Ab spring at SW of Kashan. By some accounts, although not all, Kashan was the origin of the three wise men who followed the star that guided them to Bethlehem to witness the nativity of Jesus, as recounted in the Bible. For example, medieval traveler Friar Odoric of Pordenone related this story in 1330 after having visited there. According to a legend dating from the Safavid Iran, Safavid era, Abu Lu'lu'a, the Persian people, Persian skilled cra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Ghirshman
Roman Ghirshman (, ''Roman Mikhailovich Girshman''; October 3, 1895 – 5 September 1979) was a Ukrainian-born French archeologist who specialized in ancient Persia. Ghirshman spent nearly thirty years excavating ancient Persian archeological sites throughout Iran and Afghanistan. Biography Roman Ghirshman was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Kharkiv in the Sloboda Ukraine (present-day Ukraine) in 1895. Ghirshman moved to Paris in 1917 to study Archeology and Ancient Languages. He was mainly interested in the archeological ruins of Iran, specifically Tepe Giyan, Teppe Sialk, Bagram in Afghanistan, Bishapur in Fars, and Susa. In the 1930s, Girshman, together with his wife Tania Ghirshman, was the first to excavate Teppe Sialk. His studies on Chogha Zanbil have been printed in 4 volumes, and he also led excavation teams at Kharg Island, Iwan-i Karkheh, and the Parthian platforms in Masjed Soleiman, near Izeh, Khuzestan. From 1941 to 1942 he was Director of the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziggurat
A ziggurat (; Cuneiform: 𒅆𒂍𒉪, Akkadian: ', D-stem of ' 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other Semitic languages like Hebrew ''zaqar'' (זָקַר) 'protrude'), ( Persian: Chogha Zanbilچغازنجبیل) is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels. Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the no longer extant Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk. The Sumerians believed that the gods lived in the temple at the top of the ziggurats, so only priests and other highly-respected individuals could enter. Sumerian society offered these individuals such gifts as music, harvested produce, and the creation of devotional statues to entice them to live in the temple. History The word ziggurat comes from ''ziqqurratum'' (height, pinnacle), in ancient Assyrian. From ''zaqārum'', to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zayandeh River Culture
Zayandeh River Culture (تمدن زاینده رود, literally "'' Zāyandé-Rūd Civilization''") is a hypothetical pre-historic culture that is theorized to have flourished around the Zayandeh River in Iran in the 6th millennium BC. Archaeologists speculate that a possible early civilization existed along the banks of the Zayandeh River, developing at the same time as other ancient civilizations appeared alongside rivers in the region, such as the Sumerian civilization in Iraq and the Indus Valley civilization in ancient India. The Zayandeh River Culture is considered as a very important Neolithic Iranian settlement, along with Ganj Dareh. Link with Sialk and Marvdasht civilizations During the 2006 excavations, the Iranian archaeologists uncovered some artifacts that they linked to those from Sialk and Marvdasht.CHN Press, Zayandeh Rood Civilization Linked to Marvdasht and Sialk,link Archaeological discoveries Previous archeological excavations in the Zayandeh River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Elamite
The Proto-Elamite period, also known as Susa III, is a chronological era in the ancient history of the area of Elam, dating from . In archaeological terms this corresponds to the late Banesh period. Proto-Elamite sites are recognized as the oldest civilization in Iran. The Proto-Elamite script is an Early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use before the introduction of Elamite cuneiform. History Background During the period 8000–3700 BC, the Fertile Crescent witnessed the spread of small settlements supported by agricultural surplus. Geometric tokens emerged to be used to manage stewardship of this surplus. The earliest tokens now known are those from two sites in the Zagros region of Iran: Tepe Asiab and Ganj-i-Dareh Tepe. The Mesopotamian civilization emerged during the period 3700–2900 BC amid the development of technological innovations such as the plough, sailing boats, and copper metal working. Clay tablets with pictographic characters appeared in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teppe Zagheh
Teppe Zagheh () was an early urban settlement located in Qazvin province, Qazvin, Iran. In Persian, ''Tappeh'' means "tell (archaeology), tell, mound". It was first excavated by a team from the University of Tehran under the direction of Ezzat Negahban in the early 1970s Important finds - Discovery of a shrine with interior decoration. - 23 graves of adults and infants with local and imported goods. - Administrative artifacts such as tokens. - Residential dwellings. It is suggested that the Painted Building was a special place for women to give birth Chronology After the re-excavation of Zagheh in 2001, new radiocarbon dates were obtained. The radiocarbon estimations for the settlement of Zagheh was c. 5370–5070 BC and abandoned c. 4460–4240 BC. Thus, it may belong to Transitional Chalcolithic. There were also many small clay 'tokens', used as counting objects, that were found at Zagheh; these are variously shaped, and are similar to such tokens at other Neolithic sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tania Ghirshman
Tania Ghirshman (1900–1984), born Antoinette Levienne, was a French archaeologist and restorationist of Ukrainian origin. Originally a dentist, Ghirshman became involved in archaeology after her marriage to Roman Ghirshman, with whom she directed numerous excavations in Iran and Afghanistan, most notably the ancient city of Susa. She abandoned her career as a dental surgeon and adapted her skills in dentistry to restoration accompanying her husband Roman Ghirshman on all of his missions providing much practical support especially during difficult circumstances. Drawing the illustration for his works she also helped in restorative works on the excavated projects, as well as providing reproductions for her husband's publications. Her memoir, ''Archéologue malgré moi'' (Archaeologist in Spite of Myself), was awarded a Prix Broquette-Gonin in literature by the Académie française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tepe Sialk, Kashan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 24
Tepe may refer to: __NOTOC__ Places * Tépe, a village and municipality in Hungary * Tepe, Iran, a village in Markazi Province * Tepe, Slovenia, a settlement in the Municipality of Litija * Tepe, Bismil, Turkey, a neighborhood of Bismil * Tepe, Dicle, Turkey, a neighborhood of Dicle * Tepe, Gülnar, Turkey, a neighborhood of Gülnar * Tepe, Lice, Turkey, a neighborhood of Lice * Tepe, Nallıhan, Turkey, a neighborhood of Nallıhan * Tepe or Tepeköy, Seben, Turkey, a village People * Amanda Tepe (born 1977), American actress * Gökhan Tepe (born 1978), Turkish singer * Jannik Tepe (born 1999), German footballer * Lou Tepe (born 1930), American former National Football League player * Marie Tepe (1834–1901), French-Turkish woman who aided the Union Army during the American Civil War as a vivandière * Muhammet Taha Tepe (born 2001), Turkish football goalkeeper Other uses * Battle of Tepe, a 1914 World War I skirmish between German and British forces in Kamerun, Africa * the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slag
The general term slag may be a by-product or co-product of smelting (pyrometallurgical) ores and recycled metals depending on the type of material being produced. Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (co-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (a by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous/ base metals (by-products of recovering non-ferrous materials like copper, nickel, zinc and phosphorus). Within these general categories, slags can be further categorized by their precursor and processing conditions (e.g., blast furnace slags, air-cooled blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag, basic oxygen furnace slag, and electric arc furnace slag). Slag generated from the EAF process can contain toxic metals, which can be hazardous to human and environmental health. Due to the large demand for ferrous, ferralloy, and non-ferrous materials, slag production has increased throughout the years des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of Iran
The National Museum of Iran ( ) in Tehran hosts some of the world's most important monuments dating back through preserved ancient and medieval Iranian antiquities. It is an institution formed of two museums; the Museum of Ancient Iran and the Museum of the Islamic Era. National Museum of Iran is the world's most important institution for Iranian history and one of the most comprehensive museums globally, being home to over 3 million artifacts. It also includes a number of research departments, categorized by different historical periods and archaeological topics."Otraq.com, Iran's Tourism Guide" History For the first time, the proposal to create a place called "Museum" was made by[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
