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Si Thep Historical Park
Si Thep Historical Park () is an archaeological site in Thailand's Phetchabun province. It covers the ancient city of Si Thep, a site inhabited from around the third to fifth century CE until the thirteenth century, spanning cultural periods from late prehistory, through Dvaravati, to the golden age of the Khmer Empire. Si Thep was one of the largest known city-states that emerged around the plains of central Thailand in the first millennium, but became abandoned around the time the Thai-speaking cities of Sukhothai and later Ayutthaya emerged as new centres of power in the Chao Phraya River basin. The site gained the attention of modern archaeology in 1904 following surveys by Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, and it was listed as an ancient monument in 1935. The Fine Arts Department has undertaken continued study and excavations of the site, which has also been studied by archaeologists Prince Subhadradis Diskul, H. G. Quaritch Wales and Jean Boisselier, among others. As per hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phetchabun Province
Phetchabun (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (''changwat'') and lies in lower northern Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Loei, Khon Kaen, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit and Phitsanulok. Geography and climate Phetchabun is in the lower northern region of Thailand, in the area between the northern and the central region. The province lies in the broad fertile river valley of the Pa Sak River, with mountains of the Phetchabun mountain range to the east and west. The total forest area is or 32.5 percent of provincial area. National parks left, 220px, Road to Khao Kho 220px, left, Sala Dusita, sunrise viewpoint of Thung Salaeng Luang There are a total of four national parks, along with six other national parks, make up region 11 (Phitsanulok) of Thailand's protected areas. * Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, * Nam Nao National Park, * Khao Kho National Park, * Tat Mok National Park, Wildlife sanctuaries There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Monument (Thailand)
The conservation and management of Thailand's cultural heritage falls largely under the purview of the Fine Arts Department, under the framework of the Act on Ancient Monuments, Antiques, Objects of Art and National Museums, B.E. 2504 (1961). Under the law, the department has authority to manage and protect architectural sites (referred to as "ancient monuments" (, )), antiques (, ''borannawatthu'') and ''objets d'art'' (, ''sinlapawatthu'') of significant artistic, historical, or archaeological value. It is also responsible for operating national museums for the safekeeping of such artefacts. , the Department lists 5,678 ancient monuments, 2,087 of which have officially been registered (including 10 historical parks). It operates 43 national museums throughout the country. Other institutions are also involved in the field, including universities, professional organizations, and public and private museums. Thailand signed the World Heritage Convention in 1987, and is home to three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Park (Thailand)
In Thailand, historical parks (, ) are protected areas managed by the Fine Arts Department for their historical value, usually covering an extensive group of archaeological sites in an area, which are themselves legally protected as ancient monuments. There are eleven historical parks, five of which constitute three of Thailand's World Heritage Sites: See also * List of protected areas of Thailand This is a list of protected areas in Thailand: National parks in the Thai highlands * Chae Son National Park * Doi Chong National Park * Doi Inthanon National Park * Doi Khun Tan National Park * Doi Luang National Park * Doi Pha Hom Pok ... References * *{{cite journal, journal=Trips Magazine, volume=6, issue=67, date=May 2002, title=10 historical parks around Thailand, issn=0859-5291 External linksVirtual Historical Park websiteby the Fine Arts Department Parks in Thailand Fine Arts Department (Thailand) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matichon
''Matichon'' ( 'opinion of the people', also known as ''Matichon Daily'' to distinguish it from other related publications) is a major Thai-language national daily newspaper. It was founded by a group of progressive writers in 1978, when the country was emerging from the authoritarian government that followed the 6 October 1976 Massacre. ''Matichon'' positions itself as a "quality" upmarket newspaper, as opposed to the usually sensationalist mass-circulation papers. In 1997, it had a daily circulation of about 120,000. It carries a strong focus on politics, and was, along with '' Thai Rath'', among the country's most politically influential newspapers at the time. From the late 2000s, when successive political crises divided public opinion, ''Matichon'' has been criticized for harbouring a pro- Red Shirt bias. It has also been subject to controversies regarding its dismissal of editors, and a bribery investigation by the National Press Council of Thailand, for which the paper resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinakalamali
(; ; ; ) is a Chiang Mai chronicle that covers mostly about religious history, and contains a section on early Lan Na kings to 1516/1517. Similar period Pali chronicles include the ''Chamadevivamsa'' and the ''Mulasasana''. Originally written in Pali by a Buddhist monk, it may, be argued that the book was written in 1516."Jayawickrama 1968: xxix As part of the literary renaissance under the Thai king Rama I, which included the collection and restoration of texts after the fall of Ayutthaya, a copy was made in 1788 of an original Ayutthaya manuscript.Jayawickrama 1968: xxxiv The chronicle was referenced by later Burmese chronicles, most notably ''Maha Yazawin'', the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty.Aung-Thwin 2005: 124–126 The oldest extant manuscript of 1788 is in Khom Thai Script, "a variant of the Khmer script used in Thailand and Laos, which is used to write Pali, Sanskrit, Khmer, Thai and Lao (Isan)."Jayawickrama 1968: xxiv From this version copies with some subseq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayodhyapura
Ayodhyapura or Ayojjhapura ( or ) was an ancient settlement in central Thailand. It existed before the 14th century and is mentioned in the or ''The Chronicle of the Emerald Buddha'' written in Pali by Brahmarājaprajña in the 15th century and in another Pali chronicle Jinakalamali. Modern scholars suggest ''Ayodhyapura'' was potentially Si Thep, the early center of the Dvaravati civilization, which flourished from the 6th to 11th century. In contrast, some say it was the city in present-day North Thailand, but its exact location is unknown. Ayodhyapura potentially began to decline in the mid-10th century as the Khmer inscription dating to 946 mentioned the Angkorian king Rajendravarman II won over Rāmaññadesa (country of the Mon) and Champa. He later assigned his lineage, Vap Upendra, as the governor of Rāmaññadesa in 949. Earlier, the mentions a battle between Ayodhyapura led by Adītaraj and Yaśodharapura over the Emerald Buddha in the late 9th or early 10th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mun River
The Mun River (, , ; , ), sometimes spelled ''Moon River'', is a tributary of the Mekong River. It carries approximately of water per year. Geography The river begins in the Khao Yai National Park area of the Sankamphaeng Range, near Nakhon Ratchasima in northeast Thailand. It flows east through the Khorat Plateau in southern Isan (Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Surin, and Sisaket Provinces) for , until it joins the Mekong at Khong Chiam in Ubon Ratchathani. The Mun River's main tributary is the Chi River, which joins it in the Kanthararom District of Sisaket Province. History Thanks to the Andy Williams hit song, the Mun River was called " Moon River" by US Air Force personnel stationed at Ubon Ratchathani airbase during the Vietnam War. The spelling is still fairly common. The controversial Pak Mun Dam, which is charged with causing environmental damage, is near the river's confluence with the Mekong. Tributaries * Lam Dom Noi *Chi River The Chi River (, , ; , ) is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dong Phaya Yen Mountains
Dong Phaya Yen or Dong Phya Yen (, ; , , lit. "jungle of the cold lord") is a mountain range in Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Saraburi, and Nakhon Ratchasima Provinces, Thailand. As the Dong Phaya Yen is less compact and lower in height than the mountain ranges to the north and to the south, the first roads and railroads connecting the region of Isan with the capital Bangkok were built across these mountains. Before the construction of the railroad at the beginning of the 20th century, communication between these two parts of Thailand was difficult. The survey for the building of the Northeastern Line of the State Railway of Thailand began in 1887. Geography The Dong Phaya Yen Mountains consist mainly of a range of scattered medium-height hills stretching southwards of the Phetchabun Mountains in an arch until reaching the northern side of the Sankamphaeng Range. The mountain chain has a length of about 170 km and reaches a maximum elevation of 1,167 m at Phu Khing at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canasapura
Canasapura or Canāśa, Śri Canāśa (, zh, 迦羅舍), possibly ''Jiā Luó Shě Fú'' (, Kalasapura) in the Cefu Yuangui, is an ancient kingdom located in the upper valley of the Mun River, in present-day Isan, the northeastern region of Thailand.Higham: ''Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations''. 2004, S. 63. The kingdom was mentioned in the No. 118 Bô Ika inscription (K. 400), founded in , Nakhon Ratchasima Province, dated to 790 CE, and also in the No. 117 Śri Canāśa inscription, founded in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. History The kingdom was mentioned in inscription K. 400 (IC VI, pp. 83–85), which was transcribed into English as: An inscription in Sanskrit and Khmer, found in Ayutthaya in 1939, dated 937 A.D., mentions four rulers of Sri Canasa, starting with the first king named Bhagadatta (, ), followed by Sri Sundaraprakrama (, ''Si Sunthra Prakom''), who had a son named Sri Sundararavarman (, ''Si Sunthra Woraman'') and King Sri Sundararavarman had 2 so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister City
A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of international links between municipalities akin to what are known as sister cities or twin towns today dating back to the 9th century, the modern concept was first established and adopted worldwide during World War II. Origins of the modern concept Throughout history, many cities have participated in various cultural exchanges and similar activities that might resemble a sister-city or twin-city relationship, but the first officially documented case of such a relationship was a signed agreement between the leaders of the cities of Toledo, Ohio and Toledo, Spain in 1931. However, the modern concept of town twinning appeared during the Second World War. More specifically, it was inspired by the bombing of Coventry on 14 November 1940, known as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Intermarriage
Royal intermarriage is the practice of members of ruling dynasties marrying into other reigning families. It was more commonly done in the past as part of strategic diplomacy for national interest. Although sometimes enforced by legal requirement on persons of royal birth, more often it has been a matter of political policy or tradition in monarchies. In Europe, the practice was most prevalent from the medieval era until the outbreak of World War I, but evidence of intermarriage between royal dynasties in other parts of the world can be found as far back as the Bronze Age. Monarchs were often in pursuit of national and international aggrandisement on behalf of themselves and their dynasties, thus bonds of kinship tended to promote or restrain aggression.Bucholz, p.228 Marriage between dynasties could serve to initiate, reinforce or guarantee peace between nations. Alternatively, kinship by marriage could secure an alliance between two dynasties which sought to reduce the sense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandala (political Model)
''Mandala'' ( is a term used to describe decentralized political systems in medieval Southeast Asia, where authority radiated from a core center rather than being defined by fixed territorial boundaries. This model emphasizes the fluid distribution of power among networks of Mueang and Kedatuan, contrasting with modern concepts of centralized nation-states. The mandala framework was adopted by 20th-century historians to analyze traditional Southeast Asian political structures—such as federations of kingdoms or tributary states—without imposing preconceived notions of statehood. Unlike the Chinese and European model of a territorially defined state with rigid borders and centralized bureaucracies, Southeast Asian polities (with the exception of Vietnam) organized power through overlapping spheres of influence. A polity's sovereignty derived from its ability to attract allegiance through cultural, economic, or military prestige, rather than through administrative c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
