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Shukyū-ha
''Shukyū-ha'' (守旧派 or 守舊派, lit. "Old Guard") refers to the power and idea of existing traditional values or systems in opposition to any reform movement. In Chinese history, when the Hundred Days' Reform movement broke out, those who supported it were referred to as 洋務派, and those who opposed it were referred to as 守旧派. In Korean history, those who opposed 開化派, who insisted on independence and modernization from the Qing Dynasty, were called 守旧派. Translation 守旧 commonly translates to "conservative" or "reactionary". However, it doesn't have exactly the same meaning as 保守 (lit. "conservative") or 反動 (lit. "reactionary"); 守旧 focuses more on maintaining the stubbornly defending the status quo. 派 can be translated as "faction" or "group". In Japanese politics In Chinese or Korean politics, 守旧 may mean "ultraconservative" depending on the context, but in Japan, "shukyū" or "Shukyū-ha" is not usually translated as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Status Quo
is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, economic, legal, environmental, political, religious, scientific or military issues. In the sociological sense, the ''status quo'' refers to the current state of social structure or values. With regard to policy debate, it means how conditions are contrasted with a possible change. For example: "The countries are now trying to maintain the ''status quo'' with regard to their nuclear arsenals." To maintain the ''status quo'' is to keep things the way they presently are. The related phrase '' status quo ante'', literally 'the status before', refers to the state of affairs that existed previously. Political usage The status quo may be changed via social movements. These seek to alleviate or prevent a particular issue and often to shape social feeling and cultural expression of a society or nation. Advocating to improve the status quo is a persuasive rhetorical device. This is sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Language
Chinese ( or ) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and List of ethnic groups in China, many minority ethnic groups in China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39 billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic languages, Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be dialects of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered to be separate languages in a Language family, family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin with 66%, or around 800&nb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reactionary
In politics, a reactionary is a person who favors a return to a previous state of society which they believe possessed positive characteristics absent from contemporary.''The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought'' Third Edition, (1999) p. 729. As a descriptor term, ''reactionary'' derives from the ideological context of the left–right political spectrum. As an adjective, the word ''reactionary'' describes points of view and policies meant to restore a ''wiktionary:status_quo_ante, status quo ante''. As an ideology, reactionism is a tradition in right-wing politics; the reactionary stance opposes policies for the social transformation of society, whereas conservatives seek to preserve the socio-economic structure and order that exists in the present. In popular usage, ''reactionary'' refers to a strong traditionalist conservative political perspective of a person opposed to social, political, and economic change. In the 20th century, reactionary politics was associated with r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoliberal
Neoliberalism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for free-market capitalism, which became dominant in policy-making from the late 20th century onward. The term has multiple, competing definitions, and is most often used pejoratively. In scholarly use, the term is often left undefined or used to describe a multitude of phenomena. However, it is primarily employed to delineate the societal transformation resulting from market-based reforms. Neoliberalism originated among European Liberalism, liberal scholars during the 1930s. It emerged as a response to the perceived decline in popularity of classical liberalism, which was seen as giving way to a social liberal desire to control markets. This shift in thinking was shaped by the Great Depression and manifested in policies designed to counter the volatility of free markets. One motivation for the development of policies designed to mitigate the volatility of capitalist free markets was a desire to avoid repeatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junichiro Koizumi
Junichiro Koizumi ( ; , ''Koizumi Jun'ichirō'' ; born 8 January 1942) is a Japanese retired politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), president of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2001 to 2006. He retired from politics in 2009. He is the List of prime ministers of Japan by time in office, sixth-longest serving Prime Minister in Japanese history. Widely seen as a maverick leader of the LDP upon his election to the position in 2001, Koizumi became known as a neoliberal economic reformer, focusing on reducing Japan's government debt and the privatisation of its Japan Post, postal service. In the 2005 Japanese general election, 2005 election, Koizumi led the LDP to win one of the largest parliamentary majorities in modern History of Japan, Japanese history. Koizumi also attracted international attention through his deployment of the Japan Self-Defense Forces to Iraq, and through his visits to the Yasukuni Shrine th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Asahi Shimbun
is a Japanese daily newspaper founded in 1879. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Japan and Asia, and is considered a newspaper of record for Japan. The ''Asahi Shimbun'' is one of the five largest newspapers in Japan along with the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'', the ''Mainichi Shimbun'', the ''The Nikkei, Nihon Keizai Shimbun'' and ''Chunichi Shimbun''. The newspaper's circulation, which was 4.57 million for its morning edition and 1.33 million for its evening edition as of July 2021, was second behind that of the ''Yomiuri Shimbun''. By print circulation, it is the second List of newspapers in the world by circulation, largest newspaper in the world behind the ''Yomiuri'', though its digital size trails that of many global newspapers including ''The New York Times''. Its publisher, is a media conglomerate with its registered headquarters in Osaka. It is a privately held company, privately held family business with ownership and control remaining with the founding Murayama and Uen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaikaku Hoshu
is a "reformist conservative" that stands out from the established conservatism in the context of Japanese politics. It can be either moderate or extreme than the existing Japanese conservatives, as it mainly refers to a force or line that sets it apart from the right-wing conservatives of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). '' Shukyū hoshu'' (守旧保守, established conservative) has a contrasting meaning with ''kaikaku hoshu''. History Junichiro Koizumi, the former prime minister (2001–2006), was called ''kaikaku hoshi'' because he pushed for neoliberal reforms, unlike ''shukyū hoshu'', which has a traditional bureaucratic nature. Toranosuke Katayama, a former co-leader of Initiatives from Osaka (now the Japan Innovation Party), referred to the party as "we are the reform-minded conservative" (われわれは改革する保守だ). Nobuyuki Baba, a former leader of the Japan Innovation Party, also said, "our party is proud to be the ''kaikaku hoshu'' party" (わが ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Politics
The politics of Japan are conducted in a framework of a dominant-party bicameral parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. A hereditary monarch, currently Emperor Naruhito, serves as head of state while the Prime Minister of Japan, currently Shigeru Ishiba since 2024, serves as the elected head of government. Legislative power is vested in the National Diet, which consists of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. The House of Representatives has eighteen standing committees ranging in size from 20 to 50 members and The House of Councillors has sixteen ranging from 10 to 45 members. Executive power is vested in the Cabinet, which is led by the Prime Minister who is nominated by National Diet and appointed by the Emperor. A Liberal Democratic– Komeito coalition minority government has held office since 2024. Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and lower courts, and sovereignty is vested in the people of Japan by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Article 9 Of The Japanese Constitution
is a clause in the Constitution of Japan outlawing war as a means to settle international disputes involving the state. The Constitution was drafted following the surrender of Japan in World War II. It came into effect on 3 May 1947 during the occupation of Japan by the Allies, which lasted until 28 April 1952. In its text, the state formally renounces the sovereign right of belligerency and aims at an international peace based on justice and order. The article also states that, to accomplish these aims, armed forces with war potential will not be maintained. The Constitution was imposed by U.S. military occupation (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) to prevent rearmament of Japan in the post–World War II period. This condition was a similar prohibition placed on post-war Germany, to be overseen by the United Kingdom, after World War I. However, Germany remilitarized anyway in the decades following despite this prohibition under the Weimar Republic and later Adolf Hitle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naver Dictionary
''Naver Dictionary'' () is an online dictionary operated by the South Korean software company Naver. It was first launched in 1999, alongside the Naver web portal. Background ''Naver Dictionary'' was launched in 1999, supporting the English language. It began launching mobile applications in 2010. The product Line Dictionary, launched in 2014, was part of the platform. By 2022, the platform reportedly had 60 different sub services, and was the most popular online dictionary service in South Korea by 2021. ''Naver Dictionary'' contains many definitions of words, a Korean audio pronunciation service, and easy searching and accessibility of words. It partners with and shows results from other dictionaries, including the Oxford Dictionary of English, Collins English Dictionary, Wiktionary, and Urban Dictionary. In 2014, Naver reportedly spent ₩100 billion per year to access databases and reference materials. it also show results from the Dictionary of Tourism Terms () by the Korea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultraconservative
Ultraconservatism refers to extreme conservative views in politics or religious practice. In modern politics, ''ultraconservative'' usually refers to conservatives of the far-right on the political spectrum, comprising groups or individuals who are located to the right of those who hold mainstream conservative views, and continuing further right to include fringe parties. Elements of ultraconservatism typically rely on cultural crisis; they frequently support anti-globalism – adopting stances of anti-immigration, nationalism, and sovereignty – use populism and political polarization, with in-group and out-group practices. The primary economic ideology for most ultraconservatives is neoliberalism. The use of conspiracy theories is also common amongst ultraconservatives. History by country Americas Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro was described as an ultraconservative during his tenure, often aligning his views with President Donald Trump. Upon taking office, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
