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Shovevim
Shovavim () is a period of six to eight weeks each year, in which some Kabbalists teach one should focus on repenting for one's sins, particularly sexual sins. The term ''shovavim'' is a Hebrew acronym consisting of the initial letters of the parshioth (Torah portions) of " Shemot", " Va'era", " Bo", " Beshalach", "Yitro" and " Mishpatim". The period in which these portions are read typically falls around Tevet-Shevat in the Hebrew calendar (corresponding to January–February). During a Hebrew calendrical leap year, this period is extended to an eight-week sequence called "''Shovavim Tat''", derived by adding the next two portions, "''Terumah''" and "''Tetzaveh''", to the list. When read as a Hebrew word, ''shovavim'' means "mischief-makers." This word appears in Jeremiah 3:22, which begins: "Return, mischief makers" (). The name ''shovavim'' is thus symbolic of the repentance which one is exhorted to do in this period. History There are several early sources for the fasting e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ta'anit
A ta'anit or taynis (Biblical Hebrew ''taʿaniṯ'' or צוֹם ''ṣom'') is a fast in Judaism in which one abstains from all food and drink, including water. Purposes A Jewish fast may have one or more purposes, including: * Atonement for sins: Fasting is not considered the primary means of acquiring atonement; rather, sincere regret for and rectification of wrongdoing is key. Nevertheless, fasting is conducive to atonement, for it tends to precipitate contrition. Therefore, the Bible requires fasting on Yom Kippur. Because, according to the Hebrew Bible, hardship and calamitous circumstances can occur as a result of sin, fasting is often undertaken by the community or by individuals to achieve atonement and avert catastrophe. Most of the Talmud's Tractate ''Ta'anit'' ("Fast ) is dedicated to the protocol involved in declaring and observing fast days. * Commemorative mourning: Most communal fast days that are set permanently in the Jewish calendar serve this purpose. These fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleveland Jewish News
The ''Cleveland Jewish News'' (the CJN) is a weekly Jewish newspaper headquartered in Beachwood, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. The newspaper contains local, national, and international news of Jewish interest. History It was formed in 1964. It is a successor to two Cleveland Anglo-Jewish newspapers – ''The Jewish Independent'' (established in 1906) and the ''Jewish Review & Observer'' (which had as its roots the ''Hebrew Observer'', founded in 1889). The ''Cleveland Jewish News'' had as its first issue a 32-page tabloid on October 30, 1964. Arthur Weyne was its first editor. He was followed by Jerry D. Barach, and then in 1980 by Cynthia Dettelbach, and Michael E. Bennett from 2005 to 2012. Publisher and CEO Kevin S. Adelstein, joined the Cleveland Jewish News in 2013. From 1989 to 2002, the newspaper was located in Shaker Heights Shaker or Shakers may refer to: Religious groups * Shakers, a historically significant Christian sect * Indian Shakers, a smaller Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vien (Hasidic Community)
Vien () is an American Haredi Kehilla (community) originating in present-day Vienna. The name of their congregation is ''"Kehal Adas Yereim Vien"'' () (translation: Congregation of the Reverent, Vienna). History Kehal Adas Yereim Vien was formally established on Sunday, May 25, 1941 by Rabbi Klonumos Richter.Interview on April 25, 2009 in Brooklyn, NY with Eli Richter - son of Karl Richter It traces its origins from a congregation of '' Oberlander'' Jews who had moved from Burgenland, Austria (primarily from the "'' Sheva Kehillos''"), Slovakia and Hungary ('The Oberland') to Vienna (headquartering itself in the renowned Schiffschul) and then on to Williamsburg under the leadership of Rabbi Yonasan Steif. Subsequent leaders Rabbi Yonasan Steif died in 1958, and was succeeded by Rabbi Ezriel Yehuda Lebowitz (the ''Hudhazer Rov''). After his death on the first day of Rosh Hashana 1991, he was succeeded as Viener Rav by Rabbi Asher Anshel Katz. Growth of the Kehilla and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golders Green Beth Hamedrash
The Golders Green Beth Hamedrash (popularly known as Munk's or abbreviated as GGBH) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Golders Green, in the Borough of Barnet, London, England, in the United Kingdom. The congregation worships in the Ashkenazi rite, but as opposed to most other "Yekkish" communities, it follows minhag Berlin, which is a form of the Eastern Ashkenazic rite. It is a constituent of the Kedassia kashruth organisation. History Most of the founders were refugees from Nazi Germany before and during World War II. It was founded in 1934 in the King Alfred School, and was located for many years in the Lincoln Institute in Broadwalk Lane. It moved to its present location in The Riding in 1956. The figure that made his mark on the beit midrash between the 1930s and the 1970s was Rabbi Dr. (1900–1978), a PhD in English Literature and a representative of the 'Torah im Derech Eretz' school, founded by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, which combine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews ( ; also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim) form a distinct subgroup of the Jewish diaspora, that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally speak Yiddish, a language that originated in the 9th century, and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution. Hebrew was primarily used as a literary and sacred language until its 20th-century revival as a common language in Israel. Ashkenazim adapted their traditions to Europe and underwent a transformation in their interpretation of Judaism. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Jews who remained in or returned to historical German lands experienced a cultural reorientation. Under the influence of the Haskalah and the struggle for emancipation, as well as the intellectual and cultural ferment in urban centres, some gradually abandoned Yiddish in favor of German and developed new forms of Jewish relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasidic Jews
Hasidism () or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most of those affiliated with the movement, known as ''hassidim'', reside in Israel and in the United States (mostly Brooklyn and the Hudson Valley). Israel Ben Eliezer, the "Baal Shem Tov", is regarded as its founding father, and his disciples developed and disseminated it. Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Haredi Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion. Its members aim to adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice – with the movement's own unique emphases – and the prewar lifestyle of Eastern European Jews. Many elements of the latter, including various special styles of dress and the use of the Yiddish language, are nowadays associated almost exclusively with Hasidism. Hasidic thought draws heavily on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sephardic Jews
Sephardic Jews, also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the historic Jewish communities of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and their descendants. The term "Sephardic" comes from '' Sepharad'', the Hebrew word for Iberia. These communities flourished for centuries in Iberia until they were expelled in the late 15th century. Over time, "Sephardic" has also come to refer more broadly to Jews, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa, who adopted Sephardic religious customs and legal traditions, often due to the influence of exiles. In some cases, Ashkenazi Jews who settled in Sephardic communities and adopted their liturgy are also included under this term. Today, Sephardic Jews form a major component of world Jewry, with the largest population living in Israel. The earliest documented Jewish presence in the Iberian Peninsula dates to the Roman period, beginning in the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabbat
Shabbat (, , or ; , , ) or the Sabbath (), also called Shabbos (, ) by Ashkenazi Hebrew, Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the seven-day week, week—i.e., Friday prayer, Friday–Saturday. On this day, religious Jews remember the biblical stories describing the Genesis creation narrative, creation of the heaven and earth in six days and the redemption from slavery and the Exodus from Egypt. Since the Hebrew calendar, Jewish religious calendar counts days from sunset to sunset, Shabbat begins in the evening of what on the civil calendar is Friday. Shabbat observance entails refraining from 39 Melachot, work activities, often with shomer Shabbat, great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Judaism's traditional position is that the unbroken seventh-day Shabbat originated among the Jewish people, as their first and most sacred institution. Variations upon Shabbat are widespread in Judaism and, with adaptations, throughout the Abraham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selichot
Selichot (, singular: , ''səliḥā'') are Jewish penitential poems and prayers, especially those said in the period leading up to the High Holidays, and on fast days. The Thirteen Attributes of Mercy are a central theme throughout these prayers. Selichot of the High Holidays In the Sephardic tradition, recital of Selichot in preparation for the High Holidays begins on the second day of the Hebrew month of Elul. In the Ashkenazi tradition, in years where the first day of Rosh Hashanah begins on a Thursday or Saturday, selichot are recited from the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah. If, however, the first day of Rosh Hashanah falls on a Monday or Tuesday, selichot are recited from the Saturday night more than a week before Rosh Hashanah to ensure that it is recited at least four times. This may be because originally the pious would fast for ten days during the season of repentance, and four days before Rosh Hashanah were added to compensate for the four of the Ten Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzedakah
''Tzedakah'' ( ''ṣədāqā'', ) is a Hebrew word meaning "righteousness", but commonly used to signify ''charity''. This concept of "charity" differs from the modern Western understanding of "charity". The latter is typically understood as a spontaneous act of goodwill and a marker of generosity; ''tzedakah'' is an ethical obligation, and it is not properly "charity", like in Christendom, but a way to empower poor people to support themselves, helping them in developing their talents and skills. ''Tzedakah'' (Tzedaka) refers to the religious obligation to do what is right and just, which Judaism emphasizes as an important part of living a spiritual life. Unlike voluntary philanthropy, ''tzedakah'' is seen as a religious obligation that must be performed regardless of one's financial standing, and so is mandatory even for those of limited financial means. ''Tzedakah'' is considered to be one of the three main acts that can positively influence an unfavorable heavenly decree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Tyrnau
Rabbi Isaac Tyrnau (יצחק אייזיק מטירנא or יצחק טירנאו; also Isaak Tyrnau) was an Austrian (or Hungarian) rabbi, born in the late 14th century and active in the 15th century; he is most famous for his ''Sefer haMinhagim'' (Book of Customs). Biography Little is known about his life. He was born in Vienna and later moved to Tyrnau in Austria, although some suggest ''Trnava'' (), in modern-day Slovakia. He studied under Rabbis Abraham Klausner of Vienna and of Neustadt. It is possible that he later served as rabbi in Pressburg, although this is debated by scholars. His correspondence with the Maharil regarding a divorce (1420) is recorded. Gabriel Polak and Israel Böhmer published (Königsberg, 1857) an anonymous story entitled "''Etzba Elohim''," the heroes of which are Isaac Tyrnau and his beautiful daughter. Its bibliography: * Grätz, ' 3d ed., viii. 11, 12; * Azulai, ''Shem ha-Gedolim'', i.; *Wolf, ' i., Nos. 214, 1194; *David Gans, ''Ẓemaḥ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
