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Shoshenq Q
Shoshenq or Shoshenq-meryamun (Egyptian ''ššnq mrj-jmn''), designated Shoshenq Q, was the son of the 22nd Dynasty pharaoh Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I and Maatkare B, and served as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes during his father's reign. He is often considered a candidate for identification with one of another of several obscure kings named Shoshenq who reigned in this general period. Career Shoshenq Q's mother, the princess Maatkare B, represented a demonstrable link between the royal families of her father, Psusennes II of the 21st Dynasty, and of her husband's father, Shoshenq I of the 22nd Dynasty, but she apparently died before her husband became king and does not appear with any queenly titles. Based on his name (honoring his grandfather, King Shoshenq I) and the royal origins of his mother, Shoshenq Q has been considered the eldest and most prominent of the sons of King Osorkon I. Yet he does not seem to bear the title of "Eldest King's Son" in any inscription. As t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iuput
Iuput, designated Iuput A, was High Priest of Amun from 944 to 924 BCE, during the reigns of his father Shoshenq I and his brother Osorkon I. Iuput held a variety of titles including High Priest of Amun, generalissimo and army-leader and Governor of Upper Egypt.Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC). 3rd ed. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited. 1996 It is not known who Iuput's mother was, but it is assumed that Lady Tashepenbast was his sister. Nimlot B Nimlot B, also Nemareth (''fl.'' c. 940 BCE) was an ancient Egyptian prince, general and governor during the early 22nd Dynasty. Biography Nimlot was the third son of pharaoh Shoshenq I (after Osorkon I and Iuput A); his mother was the queen ... and Osorkon I were (half-)brothers of Iuput. Iuput's daughter by an unknown wife was named Nesikhonsupakhered. She was the wife of Djedkhonsiufankh, who was a fourth priest of Amun. Presumably upon Iuput's demise, his brother Osorkon I appointed his own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostracon
An ostracon (Greek language, Greek: ''ostrakon'', plural ''ostraka'') is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. In an archaeology, archaeological or epigraphy, epigraphical context, ''ostraca'' refer to sherds or even small pieces of stone that have writing scratched into them. Usually these are considered to have been broken off before the writing was added; ancient people used the cheap, plentiful, and durable broken pieces of pottery around them as a convenient medium to write on for a wide variety of purposes, mostly very short inscriptions, but in some cases very long. Ostracism In Classical Athens, when the decision at hand was to banish or exile a certain member of society, citizen peers would cast their vote by writing the name of the person on the shard of pottery; the vote was counted and, if unfavorable, the person was exiled for a period of ten years from the city, thus giving rise to the term ''ostracism''. Broken pottery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)
The prenomen, also called cartouche name or throne name ( "of the Upper and Lower Egypt, Sedge and Bee") of ancient Egypt, was one of the ancient Egyptian royal titulary, five royal names of pharaohs. The first pharaoh to have a Sedge and Bee name was Den (pharaoh), Den during the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty. Most Egyptologists believe that the prenomen was a regnal name. Others think that it originally represented the birth name of the rulers. The term "of the Sedge and Bee" is written by the hieroglyphs representing a sedge, representing Upper Egypt (𓇓 Gardiner's sign list, Gardiner M23) and a bee, representing Lower Egypt (𓆤 L2), each combined with the feminine ending ''t'' (𓏏 X1), read as ''nsw.t'' and ''bj.t'' respectively; the adjectival Afroasiatic languages#Similarities in grammar, syntax, and morphology, nisba ending ''-j'' is not represented in writing. During the first three dynasties, the prenomen was depicted either alone or in pair with the Nebty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper And Lower Egypt
In History of ancient Egypt, Egyptian history, the Upper and Lower Egypt period (also known as The Two Lands) was the final stage of prehistoric Egypt and directly preceded the Early Dynastic Period (Egypt), unification of the realm. The conception of Egypt as the Two Lands was an example of the dualism in ancient Egyptian culture and frequently appeared in texts and imagery, including in the titles of Egyptian pharaohs. The Egyptian title ''wikt:zmꜣ#Egyptian, zmꜣ-wikt:tꜣwj#Egyptian, tꜣwj'' (Egyptological pronunciation ''sema-tawy'') is usually translated as "Uniter of the Two Lands" and was depicted as a human trachea entwined with the papyrus and lily plant. The trachea stood for unification, while the papyrus and lily plant represent Lower and Upper Egypt. Standard titles of the pharaoh included the prenomen (Ancient Egypt), prenomen, quite literally "Of the Cyperaceae, Sedge and Bee" (wikt:nswt-bjtj, nswt-bjtj, the symbols of Upper and Lower Egypt) and "lord of the Tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartouche
upalt=A stone face carved with coloured hieroglyphics. Two cartouches - ovoid shapes with hieroglyphics inside - are visible at the bottom., Birth and throne cartouches of Pharaoh KV17.html" ;"title="Seti I, from KV17">Seti I, from KV17 at the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. Neues Museum, Berlin In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche ( ) is an oval with a line at one end tangent to it, indicating that the text enclosed is a pharaoh, royal name. The first examples of the cartouche are associated with pharaohs at the end of the Third Dynasty, but the feature did not come into common use until the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu. While the cartouche is usually vertical with a horizontal line, if it makes the name fit better it can be horizontal, with a vertical line at the end (in the direction of reading). The ancient Egyptian word for cartouche was (compare with Coptic ''šne'' yielding eventual sound changes), and the cartouche was essentially an expanded s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maatkheperre Shoshenq
Maatkheperre-setepenre Shoshenq-meryamun (Egyptian ''mȝʿt-ḫpr-rʿ stp-n-rʿ ššnq mrj-jmn'', or ''mȝʿ-ḫpr-rʿ'', etc.), arbitrarily designated Shoshenq IIc, is an obscure pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty. Because so far he is documented in a single published inscription, on the back of a reinscribed statue of Thutmose III, CG 42192, his historicity has been doubted. Additional but yet unpublished attestations appear to have been uncovered at Abydos. The precise identity, chronological and genealogical position of Maatkheperre Shoshenq remains uncertain. Evidence and interpretation The sole published attestation of Maatkheperre-setepenre Shoshenq-meryamun to date has been an inscription on the dorsal pillar of a seated statue originally representing Thutmose III, now item CG 42192 in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. This text was inscribed or reinscribed on the orders of King Maatkheperre Shoshenq to commemorate ("renew the name") of his progenitor ("he who begot him"), King Tyt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tutkheperre Shoshenq
Tutkheperre Shoshenq (Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''twt-ḫpr-rʿ stp/mr-n-rʿ/jmn/ptḥ ššnq mrj-jmn''), arbitrarily designated Shoshenq IIb, is an obscure Third Intermediate Period of Egypt, Third Intermediate Period ancient Egyptian pharaoh whose existence was only recently confirmed, based on attestations from Abydos, Egypt, Abydos and Bubastis. Evidence and interpretation This king's name was first attested on Ostracon Louvre E 31886 discovered by Émile Amélineau in his 1897–1898 excavations at Abydos in Upper Egypt. This ostracon was found amid New Kingdom and later votive deposits around the "Tomb of Osiris" and is now in the Louvre Museum. While Amélineau read the royal name as Tutkheperre [...]amun [...]-meryamun and noted it as previously unknown, in 1995 Marie-Ange Bonhême revealed that the king's birth name (nomen) on the ostracon was read as Shoshenq-meryamun by Jean Yoyotte. On this basis, Bonhême concluded that this was a new king belonging sometime in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanis
Tanis ( ; ; ) or San al-Hagar (; ; ; or or ; ) is the Greek name for ancient Egyptian ''ḏꜥn.t'', an important archaeological site in the northeastern Nile Delta of ancient Egypt, Egypt, and the location of a city of the same name. Tanis was the capital of the Egyptian Kingdom in its Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt, 21st and Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt, 22nd Dynasties. It is located on the Tanitic branch of the Nile, which has long since silted up. History Tanis is unattested before the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, when it was the capital of the 14th nome (Egypt), nome of Lower Egypt. A temple inscription datable to the reign of Ramesses II mentions a "Field of Tanis", while the city ''in se'' is securely attested in two 20th Dynasty documents: the Onomasticon of Amenope and the Story of Wenamun, as the home place of the pharaoh-to-be Smendes. The earliest known Tanite buildings are datable to the 21st Dynasty. Although some monuments found at Tanis are datable earlier than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Montet
Jean Pierre Marie Montet (27 June 1885 – 19 June 1966) was a French Egyptologist. Biography Montet was born in Villefranche-sur-Saône, Rhône, and began his studies under Victor Loret at the University of Lyon. He excavated at Byblos in Lebanon between 1921 and 1924, excavating tombs of rulers from Middle Kingdom of Egypt, Middle Kingdom times. Between 1929 and 1939, he excavated at Tanis, Egypt, finding the royal necropolis of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-first and Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt, Twenty-second Dynasties: those finds almost equalled that of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings. In the 1939–1940 Egypt excavation season, he discovered the completely-intact tombs of three Egyptian pharaohs at Tanis: Psusennes I, Amenemope (pharaoh), Amenemope, and Shoshenq II along with the partially plundered tomb of Takelot I. The latter tomb contained a gold bracelet of Osorkon I, Takelot's father, as well as a heart scarab. He also found the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoshenq II
The designation Shoshenq II is variously associated by scholars with several different Egyptian royal names, most commonly Heqakheperre Shoshenq IIa, discussed below, but also Tutkheperre Shoshenq IIb and Maatkheperre Shoshenq IIc, and is sometimes applied to the High Priest of Amun Shoshenq Q. Heqakheperre-setepenre Shoshenq-meryamun (Egyptian ''ḥqȝ-ḫpr-rʿ stp-n-rʿ ššnq mrj-jmn''), arbitrarily designated Shoshenq IIa, was a pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty. King Heqakheperre Shoshenq is known entirely from his funerary effects, discovered in his reburial at Tanis by Pierre Montet in 1939. Scholars disagree as to the identity and chronological placement of the king. The royal throne name or prenomen, Heqakheperre Setepenre, has been interpreted as "The manifestation of Ra rules, the chosen one of Ra," or as "The ruler is the (very) manifestation of Ra, the chosen one of Ra." Evidence from burial The only ruler of this dynasty whose burial was not plundered by tomb ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenneth Kitchen
Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (1932 – 6 February 2025) was a British biblical scholar, Ancient Near Eastern historian, and Personal and Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology and honorary research fellow at the School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, England. He specialised in the ancient Egyptian Ramesside Period (i.e., Dynasties 19- 20), and the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt, as well as ancient Egyptian chronology, having written over 250 books and journal articles on these and other subjects since the mid-1950s. He has been described by ''The Times'' as "the very architect of Egyptian chronology". Background Kitchen was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1932. He died on 6 February 2025 as an unmarried bachelor. Third Intermediate Period His 1972 book is ''The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC)''. It noted a hitherto unknown period of coregency between Psusennes I with Amenemope and Osorkon III with Takelot III, and establ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptology
Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Ancient Greek, Greek , ''wiktionary:-logia, -logia''; ) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian History of Egypt, history, Egyptian language, language, Ancient Egyptian literature, literature, Ancient Egyptian religion, religion, Ancient Egyptian architecture, architecture and Art of ancient Egypt, art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD. History First explorers The earliest explorers of ancient Egypt were the ancient Egyptians themselves. Inspired by a dream he had, Thutmose IV led an excavation of the Great Sphinx of Giza and inscribed a description of the dream on the Dream Stele. Less than two centuries later, Prince Khaemweset, fourth son of Ramesses II, would gain fame for identifying and restoring historic buildings, tombs and temples, including pyramids; and has subsequently been described as the first Egyptologist. Classical Antiqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
