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Short-range Devices
A short-range device (SRD), described by ECC Recommendation 70-03, is a radio-frequency transmitter device used in telecommunication that has little capability of causing harmful interference to other radio equipment. Short-range devices are low-power transmitters, typically limited to 25–100 mW effective radiated power (ERP) or less, depending on the frequency band, which limits their useful range to a few hundred meters, which do not require licenses to use. Short-range wireless technologies include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NearLink, near-field communication (NFC), LPWAN, ultra-wideband (UWB) and IEEE 802.15.4. They are implemented by chips fabricated as RF CMOS integrated circuit (RF circuit). , short-range wireless chips ship approximately billion units annually, with Bluetooth accounting for over 55% of shipments and Wi-Fi around 35% of shipments. Applications for short-range wireless devices include power meters and other remote instrumentation, RFID applications, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Communications Committee
The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) was established on 26 June 1959 by nineteen European states in Montreux, Switzerland, as a coordinating body for European state telecommunications and postal organizations. The acronym comes from the French version of its name, . CEPT was responsible for the creation of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in 1988. Organization CEPT is organised into three main components: * Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) – responsible for radiocommunications and telecommunications matters and formed by the merger of ECTRA (European Committee for Telecommunications Regulatory Affairs) and ERC (European Radiocommunications Committee) in September 2001 **The permanent secretariat of the ECC is the European Communications Office (ECO) * European Committee for Postal Regulation (CERP, after the French ''"Comité européen des régulateurs postaux"'') – responsible for postal matt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RF Circuit
Radio-frequency (RF) engineering is a subset of electrical engineering involving the application of transmission line, waveguide, antenna, radar, and electromagnetic field principles to the design and application of devices that produce or use signals within the radio band, the frequency range of about 20 kHz up to 300 GHz. It is incorporated into almost everything that transmits or receives a radio wave, which includes, but is not limited to, mobile phones, radios, Wi-Fi, and two-way radios. RF engineering is a highly specialized field that typically includes the following areas of expertise: # Design of antenna systems to provide radiative coverage of a specified geographical area by an electromagnetic field or to provide specified sensitivity to an electromagnetic field impinging on the antenna. # Design of coupling and transmission line structures to transport RF energy without radiation. # Application of circuit elements and transmission line structures in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizens' Band
Citizens band radio (CB radio) is a land mobile radio system, a system allowing short-distance one-to-many bidirectional voice communication among individuals, using two-way radios operating near 27 Hertz, MHz (or the 11-m wavelength) in the high frequency or shortwave band. Citizens band is distinct from other personal radio service allocations such as Family Radio Service, FRS, General Mobile Radio Service, GMRS, Multi-Use Radio Service, MURS, UHF CB and the Amateur Radio, Amateur Radio Service (amateur radio operator, "ham" radio). In many countries, CB operation does not require a license and may be used for business or personal communications. Like many other land mobile radio services, multiple radios in a local area share a single frequency channel, but only one can transmit at a time. The radio is normally in receive mode to receive transmissions of other radios on the channel; when users want to communicate they press a "push to talk" button on their radio, which turns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISM Band
The ISM radio bands are portions of the radio spectrum reserved internationally for ''industrial, scientific, and medical'' (ISM) purposes, excluding applications in telecommunications. Examples of applications for the use of radio frequency (RF) energy in these bands include RF heating, microwave ovens, and medical diathermy machines. The powerful emissions of these devices can create electromagnetic interference and disrupt radio communication using the same frequency, so these devices are limited to certain bands of frequencies. In general, communications equipment operating in ISM bands must tolerate any interference generated by ISM applications, and users have no regulatory protection from ISM device operation in these bands. Despite the intent of the original allocations, in recent years the fastest-growing use of these bands has been for short-range, low-power wireless communications systems, since these bands are often approved for such devices, which can be used w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ETSI
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of Information and communications technology, information and communications. ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services. Overview and history ETSI was set up in 1988 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations, CEPT) following a proposal from the European Commission (EC). ETSI is the officially recognized body with a responsibility for the standardization of information and communication technologies (ICT). It is one of the three bodies officially recognized by the European Union as a European Standards Organisation (ESO), the others being European Committee for Standardization, CEN and CENELEC. The role of the ESOs is to support EU regulation and policies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Conference Of Postal And Telecommunications Administrations
The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) was established on 26 June 1959 by nineteen European states in Montreux, Switzerland, as a coordinating body for European state telecommunications and postal organizations. The acronym comes from the French version of its name, . CEPT was responsible for the creation of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in 1988. Organization CEPT is organised into three main components: * Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) – responsible for radiocommunications and telecommunications matters and formed by the merger of ECTRA (European Committee for Telecommunications Regulatory Affairs) and ERC (European Radiocommunications Committee) in September 2001 **The permanent secretariat of the ECC is the European Communications Office (ECO) * European Committee for Postal Regulation (CERP, after the French ''"Comité européen des régulateurs postaux"'') – responsible for postal matt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary Executive (government), executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of European Commissioner, members of the Commission (directorial system, informally known as "commissioners") corresponding to two thirds of the number of Member state of the European Union, member states, unless the European Council, acting unanimously, decides to alter this number. The current number of commissioners is 27, including the president. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. The commission is divided into departments known as Directorate-General, Directorates-General (DGs) that can be likened to departments or Ministry (government department), ministries each headed by a director-general who is responsible to a commissioner. Currently, there is one member per European Union member state, member state, but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remote Keyless System
A remote keyless system (RKS), also known as remote keyless entry (RKE) or remote central locking, is an electronic lock that controls access to a building or vehicle by using an electronic remote control (activated by a handheld device or automatically by proximity). RKS largely and quickly superseded ''keyless entry'', a budding technology that restrictively bound locking and unlocking functions to vehicle-mounted keypads. Widely used in automobiles, an RKS performs the functions of a standard car key without physical contact. When within a few yards of the car, pressing a button on the remote can lock or unlock the doors, and may perform other functions. A remote keyless system can include both ''remote keyless entry'' (RKE), which unlocks the doors, and '' remote keyless ignition'' (RKI), which starts the engine. Numerous manufacturers have offered entry systems that use door- or pillar-mounted keypad entry systems; touchless passive entry / smart key systems that al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garage Door Opener
A garage door opener is a motorized device that opens and closes a garage door controlled by switches on the garage wall. Most also include a handheld radio remote control carried by the owner, which can be used to open and close the door from a short distance. The electric opener The electric overhead garage door opener was invented by C.G. Johnson in 1926 in Hartford City, Indiana. Electric Garage Door openers did not become popular until Era Meter Company of Chicago offered one after World War II where the overhead garage door could be opened via a key pad located on a post at the end of the driveway or a switch inside the garage. As in an elevator, the electric motor does not provide most of the power to move a heavy garage door. Instead, most of door's weight is offset by the counterbalance springs attached to the door. (Even manually operated garage doors have counterbalances; otherwise, they would be too heavy for a person to open or close them.) In a typical desi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Alarm
A fire alarm system is a building system designed to detect, alert occupants, and alert emergency forces of the presence of fire, smoke, carbon monoxide, or other fire-related emergencies. Fire alarm systems are required in most commercial buildings. They may include smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual fire alarm activation devices ( pull stations). All components of a fire alarm system are connected to a fire alarm control panel. Fire alarm control panels are usually found in an electrical or panel room. Fire alarm systems generally use visual and audio signalization to warn the occupants of the building. Some fire alarm systems may also disable elevators, which are unsafe to use during a fire under most circumstances. Design Fire alarm systems are designed after fire protection requirements in a location are established, which is usually done by referencing the minimum levels of security mandated by the appropriate model building code, insurance agencies, and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio-controlled Model
A radio-controlled model (or RC model) is a model that is steerable with the use of radio control (RC). All types of model vehicles have had RC systems installed in them, including ground vehicles, boats, planes, helicopters and even submarines and scale railway locomotives. History World War II saw increased development in radio control technology. The Luftwaffe used controllable winged bombs for targeting Allied ships. During the 1930s the Good brothers Bill and Walt pioneered vacuum tube based control units for RC hobby use. Their "Guff" radio controlled plane is on display at the National Aerospace museum. Ed Lorenze published a design in Model Airplane News that was built by many hobbyists. Later, after WW2, in the late 1940s to mid 1950 many other RC designs emerged and some were sold commercially, Berkeley's Super Aerotrol, was one such example. Originally simple 'on-off' systems, these evolved to use complex systems of relays to control a rubber powered escapement' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFID
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder called a tag, a radio receiver, and a transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits digital data, usually an identifying inventory number, back to the reader. This number can be used to track inventory goods. Passive tags are powered by energy from the RFID reader's interrogating radio waves. Active tags are powered by a battery and thus can be read at a greater range from the RFID reader, up to hundreds of meters. Unlike a barcode, the tag does not need to be within the line of sight of the reader, so it may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one method of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC). RFID tags are used in many industries. For example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
