|
Shiraz Expedition
The Shiraz expedition () was an expedition led by Josef Pousette to link up with the third regiment of the Persian gendarmerie which was stationed in Shiraz. Background Shortly after the arrival of the Swedish officers during the Swedish intervention in Persia, general Harald Hjalmarson chose to split up the gendarmerie into different regiments, one being stationed in Shiraz. Captain Josef Pousette would be the one chosen to be in charge of the regiment in Shiraz, though Shiraz was 800 kilometers away which would be cleared on horseback. Road to Shiraz Not much is known about the actual journey to Shiraz, though Pousette stated that at an overnight stay, he became "lifelong" friends with an insurgent. Operations in Shiraz and the battles of Kazerun While at Shiraz, Pousette was to patrol an important stretch of road to the town of Bushir, where they would engage several insurgents under Mohammed Ali in the Battles of Kazerun. The battles were bloody but it did end up being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Volunteers In Persia
The Swedish volunteers in Persia were a small group of military officers active in Persia between 1911 and 1916. The goal was to quell regional uprisings and modernize the Persian army, but as a result of pressure from Russia and the United Kingdom, Sweden decided to call back most of their officers during World War I. Background Persia was rather unstable in the early 1900s, making the roads difficult to traverse due to frequent raiding by insurgents. Because of this (and fearing British intervention), the Persian government searched for a neutral power that could help modernize and create a Iranian Gendarmerie, gendarmerie able to fight off the insurgents. Sweden was considered suitable for the task and the first military officers were deployed under general Harald Hjalmarson in 1911. 1911–1914 The gendarmes were put in charge of patrolling around 1,700 kilometers of road and steadily grew in number. They had several run-ins with clan members and insurgents and scored man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz
Shiraz (; ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra, Fars, Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in Southern Iran, southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian peoples, Iranian Saffarid dynasty, Saffarid and Buyid dynasty, Buyid dynastie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persia
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Gendarmerie
The Iranian Gendarmerie (Persian: ژاندارمری ایران), also known as the Government Gendarmerie (), was the gendarmerie, and subsequent modern highway patrol, in Iran. A paramilitary force, it also played a significant part in politics from its establishment in 1910 during the Qajar Iran, Qajar era until the advent of the Pahlavi Iran, Pahlavi era in 1925. It continued to serve until the end of the Pahlavi era and was modernized into the Imperial Iranian Gendarmerie.The Making of Modern Iran, page 49 Originally established as a constitutional army, the force employed Sweden, Swedish officers in command of Iranian personnel to perform both traditional police duties and conduct military campaigns against tribal forces. In 1991 the Iranian Gendarmerie was merged with other police forces to form the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran. History Throughout the nineteenth century military modernisation was a constant preoccupation of Iranian reformers and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Intervention In Persia
The Swedish volunteers in Persia were a small group of military officers active in Persia between 1911 and 1916. The goal was to quell regional uprisings and modernize the Persian army, but as a result of pressure from Russia and the United Kingdom, Sweden decided to call back most of their officers during World War I. Background Persia was rather unstable in the early 1900s, making the roads difficult to traverse due to frequent raiding by insurgents. Because of this (and fearing British intervention), the Persian government searched for a neutral power that could help modernize and create a gendarmerie able to fight off the insurgents. Sweden was considered suitable for the task and the first military officers were deployed under general Harald Hjalmarson in 1911. 1911–1914 The gendarmes were put in charge of patrolling around 1,700 kilometers of road and steadily grew in number. They had several run-ins with clan members and insurgents and scored many victories, even kil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harald Hjalmarson
Harald Ossian Hjalmarson (14 July 1868 – 15 December 1919) was a Swedish military officer and mercenary. During the First World War, he fought on the side of Qajar Iran in the Persian campaign, serving in the Iranian Gendarmerie. Following the end of the First World War, Hjalmarson went to Finland and joined the White Guard during the Finnish Civil War, serving as the commander of the Crenatorial Division. His actions during the Finnish Civil War were unsatisfactory, and he was unpopular among the ranks. Biography Career before the Finnish Civil War Hjalmarson's father, Major Hjalmar Andersson, had volunteered for the American Civil War. He was also the grandson of the theater director Oscar Andersson. Hjalmarson began his military career by enlisting in the North Scanian Infantry Regiment in 1887. He graduated as an officer in 1889, attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1892 to 1894, was a candidate in the Swedish General Staff for some time in 1895, and then s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bushir
Bushehr (; ) is a port city in the Central District of Bushehr County, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Etymology The roots of the name "Bushehr" are uncertain. It is unlikely that it is derived from ''Abū Šahr'' ("father of the city"), a theory which remains popular. It may be an abbreviation of Bokht-Ardashir ("Ardashir has given"), though this is not backed by conclusive evidence History Origins A number of alleged premodern references to Bushehr, including the first made by an Arab geographer in 1225, have been disputed as perhaps alluding to the modern city of Reishahr, a harbor 10 km to the south, where archaeological evidence points to the presence of a much older settlement. Reishahr is also most likely equivalent to the town of Mesambria, a place the Greeks knew since the campaign of Nearchus (died 300 BC), and which also has been occasionally identified with Bushehr. Rise In 1734, the Iranian mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Campaign (World War I)
The Persian campaign or invasion of Iran () was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire, British Empire and Russian Empire in various areas of what was then neutral Qajar Iran, beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, as part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. The fighting also involved local Persian units, who fought against the Entente and Ottoman forces in Iran. The conflict proved to be a devastating experience for Persia. Over 2 million Persian civilians died in the conflict, mostly due to the Armenian genocide by the Ottoman regime and Persian famine of 1917–1919, influenced by British and Russian actions. The Qajar Iran, Qajar government's inability to maintain the country's sovereignty during and immediately after the First World War led to a 1921 Persian coup d'état, coup d'état in 1921 and Reza Shah's establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty. Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran In World War I
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
