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Shimon Greenfeld
Shimon Greenfeld was born in Khust, Hungary, on 4 Cheshvan 5621 1860. His father, Yehudah Grunfeld, was rabbi of (Tiszavasvári). He studied at the yeshivah of Harav Avraham Yehudah Schwartz, author of ''Kol Aryeh'', in Berehove and was also a student of Rabbi Moshe Schick. He married at age 16 and later became a Dayan in Mukacheve. Greenfeld succeeded his father as Av Beth Din of Bűdszentmihály in around 1907. His three volumes of responsa were published in Hebrew 'She'eilos U'Teshuvos Maharshag'. He also authored Zehav Shva and Maharshag al HaTorah both of which are commentaries on the Torah The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the s .... Greenfeld died on 19 Shevat 5690 1930 at the age of 69. References 1860 births 1930 deaths Hungarian rabbis {{Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khust
Khust ( uk, Хуст; hu, Huszt) is a city located on the Khustets River in Zakarpattia Oblast (Oblast, province) in western Ukraine. It is near the сonfluence of the Tisza, Tisa and Rika (river), Rika Rivers. Serving as the Capital city, administrative center of Khust Raion (Raion, district), the city itself does not belong to the raion and is designated as a city of regional significance (Ukraine), city of oblast significance, with the status equal to that of a raion. Population: Khust was the capital of the short-lived republic of Carpatho-Ukraine. Origin of name The name is most possibly related to the name of the stream Hustets or Husztica, which means "kerchief". It is also conceivable that the name of the city comes from a Romanian cuisine, Romanian traditional food ingredient – husti. There are several alternative names used for this city: Ukrainian language, Ukrainian/: Хуст, Romanian language, Romanian: ''Hust'', Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Huszt'', Czech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheshvan
Marcheshvan ( he, מַרְחֶשְׁוָן, Standard , Tiberian ; from Akkadian , literally, 'eighth month'), sometimes shortened to Cheshvan (, Standard Tiberian ), is the second month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei), and the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year (which starts on 1 Nisan) on the Hebrew calendar. In a regular () year, Marcheshvan has 29 days, but because of the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, in some years, an additional day is added to Marcheshvan to make the year a "full" () year. Marcheshvan occurs in October–November in the Gregorian calendar. The Hebrew Bible, before the Babylonian Exile, refers to the month as Bul (). In Sidon, the reference to is also made on the Sarcophaugus of Eshmunazar II dated to the early 5th century BC. Etymology Compared to its Akkadian etymon , the name displays the same lenition of ungeminated to found in other month names (Tammuz traditionally contains mem with dagesh). Uniquely to this name the initi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbi
A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisees, Pharisaic (167 BCE–73 CE) and Talmudic (70–640 CE) eras, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The title "rabbi" was first used in the first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Clergy, Protestant Christian minister, hence the title "pulpit rabbis", and in 19th-century Germany and the United States rabbinic activities including sermons, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance. Within the various Jewish denominations, there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination, and differences in opinion regarding who is recognized as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiszavasvári
Tiszavasvári is a town in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary. History The settlement of Tiszavasvári was created in 1941 by merging the former independent settlements of Tiszabűd and Szentmihály under the name of Bűdszentmihály. The villagers of Tiszabűd opposed the merger and the two communities were separated in 1946 but only for four years. In 1950 the two settlements were again merged. The name of the locality was changed to Tiszavasvári in 1952 in memory of Pál Vasvári, a Hungarian writer and participant in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Geography It covers an area of and has a population of 13,473 people (2005). Twin towns – sister cities Tiszavasvári is twinned with: * Baia Sprie, Romania * Izvoru Crișului, Romania * Livada, Romania * Șimleu Silvaniei Șimleu Silvaniei (; hu, Szilágysomlyó, german: Schomlenmarkt) is a town in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 14,436 people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Judah Ha-Kohen Schwartz
Abraham Judah ha-Kohen Schwartz ( hu, Schwartz Ábrahám; 1824–1883), also known by his responsa as the Kol Aryeh, was one of the leading Hungarian rabbis of the nineteenth century. He was a student of Moses Sofer and Benjamin Wolf Low. From 1861 to 1881 he served as the Rabbi of Beregszasz, Hungary and then until 1883 in his native town of Mad. He was an active participant in the rabbinical gathering in Nagymihaly in 1866 and at the congress held in Budapest in 1869. Although Rabbi Schwartz studied in the Pressburg Yeshiva whose leaders were opposed to Hasidism, he became deeply attached to Hasidism after a visit he made to Chaim Halberstam, the founder of the Sanz hasidic dynasty. His son Naftali Schwartz (1843–1896) succeeded him as rav of Mád Mád ( yi, מאדע ''Made'') is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County in northeastern Hungary. The former Jewish synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berehove
Berehove ( uk, Берегове; hu, Beregszász) is a city located in Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine, near the border with Hungary. It is the cultural centre of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of Berehove Raion (district), the city itself is also designated as a city of oblast significance, with a status equal to a separate raion, with a population of . Name The city has many different variations of spelling its name: ro, Bereg, rue, Берегово (translit. ''Berehovo''), russian: Берегово (translit. ''Beregovo''), be, Берагава (Łacinka ''Bierahava''), Czech and Slovak: Berehovo, yi, בערעגסאז, , german: Bergsaß, pl, Bereg Saski. Residents of Berehovo voted on October 31, 2010, in a referendum on renaming the town to Beregszász, its Hungarian-language name. Voter turnout was less than 52%, with 4,688 voting for renaming, 4,358 against, and 1,016 invalid ballots. Administrative di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moshe Schick
Moshe Schick (1 March 1807 – 25 January 1879; he, משה שיק, alternatively spelled as ''Shick'', ''Shik'', ''Shieck'') was a prominent Hungarian Orthodox rabbi. In rabbinical commentary Shik is commonly known as the Maharam Schick (מהר"ם שיק); ''Maharam'' is the Hebrew acronym for ''Moreinu Harav Moshe'' (מורינו הרב משה), which means "Our Teacher Rabbi Moses". Biography Schick was born in Birkenhein, Kingdom of Hungary (contemporary Brezová pod Bradlom, Slovakia), the son of Rabbi Joseph Schick. The family were descended from Rabbi Hanoch Heinich Schick of Shklov. He was a cousin of Elijah Schik. At the age of 11, Moshe Shik was sent to study with his uncle, Rabbi Yitzchak Frankel, the '' Av Beth Din'' in Regensdorf. When he was 14, he was sent to learn under Moses Sofer in Pressburg, where he stayed for six years. Sofer called his prodigious student "a treasure chest full of holy books". When he was 20, Moses Shik married his cousin, Gittel Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dayan (rabbinic Judge)
A beit din ( he, בית דין, Bet Din, house of judgment, , Ashkenazic: ''beis din'', plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Biblical Land of Israel. Today, it is invested with legal powers in a number of religious matters (''din Torah'', "matter of litigation", plural ''dinei Torah'') both in Israel and in Jewish communities in the Diaspora, where its judgments hold varying degrees of authority (depending upon the jurisdiction and subject matter) in matters specifically related to Jewish religious life. History Rabbinical commentators point out that the first suggestion in the Torah that the ruler divest his legal powers and delegate his power of judgment to lower courts was made by Jethro to Moses (Exodus ). This situation was formalised later when God gave the explicit command to "establish judges and officers in your gates" ( Deuteronomy ). There were three types of courts ( Mishnah, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukacheve
Mukachevo ( uk, Мукачево, ; hu, Munkács; see name section) is a city in the valley of the Latorica river in Zakarpattia Oblast ( province), in Western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of Mukachevo Raion ( district), the city itself does not belong to the raion and is designated as a city of oblast significance, with the status equal to that of a separate raion. The city is a rail terminus and highway junction, and has beer, wine, tobacco, food, textile, timber, and furniture industries. During the Cold War, it was home to Mukachevo air base and a radar station. Mukachevo lies close to the borders of four neighbouring countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania. Today, the population is . The city is a traditional stronghold of the Rusyn language, and the population of Mukachevo is officially reported as 77.1% ethnic Ukrainian. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Av Beth Din
The ''av beit din'' ( ''ʾabh bêth dîn'', "chief of the court" or "chief justice"), also spelled ''av beis din'' or ''abh beth din'' and abbreviated ABD (), was the second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period, and served as an assistant to the Nasi (Prince). The Av Beit Din was known as the "Master of the Court;" he was considered the most learned and important of these seventy members. Menahem the Essene served as Av Beth Din in the 1st century BCE, before abdicating to "serve the King" in 20 BCE. The House of Shammai attained complete ascendency over the Sanhedrin from 9CE until Gamaliel became Nasi in 30CE. Apparently the post of Av Beit Din was eventually filled, since the Babylonian Talmud states that Joshua ben Hananiah was Av Beit Din and Nathan the Babylonian was Av Beit Din. The Jerusalem Talmud tells the story of how Gamaliel II was deposed and Eleazar ben Azariah replaced him as Nasi. After Gamaliel was reinstated, Eleazar ben Azariah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Responsa
''Responsa'' (plural of Latin , 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic religious law. In the Roman Empire Roman law recognised , i.e., the responses and thoughts of jurists, as one of the sources of (written law), along with laws originating from magistrates, from the Senate, or from the emperor. A particularly well-known and highly influential example of such ''responsa'' was the ''Digesta'' (or ''Digests''), in 90 books, the principal work of the prominent second century jurist Salvius Julianus. This was a systematic treatise on civil and praetorian law, consisting of responsa on real and hypothetical cases, cited by many later Roman legal writers. In the Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, ''responsa'' are answers of the competent executive authority to specific questions (in Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torah
The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It is also known in the Jewish tradition as the Written Torah (, ). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll (''Sefer Torah''). If in bound book form, it is called '' Chumash'', and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (). At times, however, the word ''Torah'' can also be used as a synonym for the whole of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, in which sense it includes not only the first five, but all 24 books of the Hebrew Bible. Finally, Torah can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture, and practice, whether derived from biblical texts or later rabbinic writings. The latter is often known as the Oral Torah. Representing the core of the Jewish spir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
