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Shelby Gem Factory
The Shelby Gem Factory was the production facility of ICT Incorporated, a company in Shelby, Oceana County, Michigan, Shelby, Michigan, United States, that manufactured artificial gemstones through proprietary processes. ICT began operations in 1970 and closed in December 2019. History Larry Paul Kelley established ICT (International Crystal Technology) in 1970 with Craig Hardy and Tom VanBergen. Kelley had worked for Dow Chemical in Ludington, Michigan, Ludington and at a factory in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor that produced laser crystals. The facility was sited in Shelby because the town had a new industrial park. By 2015, Kelley was ICT's sole owner. The Shelby Gem Factory initially produced only synthetic ruby, with ruby lasers being the principal application, primarily sold to firms in California. However, laser technology was in its infancy, and the far greater profit potential of converting ruby rods into a variety of artificial gemstones of various colors led to a ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shelby, Oceana County, Michigan
Shelby is a village in Oceana County, Michigan, Oceana County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,065 at the 2010 United States Census, 2010 census. SchoolsShelby Public Schools operate within the village boundaries. There are four schools which serve the village: * Shelby High School (Michigan), Shelby High School] (Website) Shelby Middle School Shelby Elementary School [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceana County Press
Oceana may refer to: People * Oceana (singer) (born 1982), German singer * Ocey Snead (1885–1909), American murder victim * Oceana Wu (born 1993), Taiwanese actress * Oceana Zarco (1911–2008), Polish cyclist Places * Oceana County, Michigan * Oceana, Virginia, a neighborhood of Virginia Beach * Oceana, West Virginia * Naval Air Station Oceana, in Virginia Beach, Virginia Music * Oceana (band), an American post-hardcore band * ''Oceana'' (album), an album by Derek Sherinian * ''Oceàna'' (opera), by Antonio Smareglia * "Oceana", a song by the 3rd and the Mortal from the album ''Tears Laid in Earth'' * "Oceana", a song by Butcher Babies from the album ''Lilith'' * Oceana, a musical project produced by Manny Lehman Other uses * ''Oceana'' (plant), a genus of plants * Oceana (conservation organization) * Oceana (nightclub), a chain of nightclubs in the United Kingdom * Oceana (restaurant), in New York City * , a cruise ship * , an ocean liner * Oceana Publications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemological Laboratories
Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems. History Rudimentary education in gemology for jewellers and gemologists began in the nineteenth century, but the first qualifications were instigated after the National Association of Goldsmiths of Great Britain (NAG) set up as an Education Committee for this purpose in 1908. The committee emerged as a distinct branch of NAG (named the Gemmological Association) in 1931, shortly after the incorporation of the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). In 1938 the branch was renamed as the Gemmological Association of Great Britain, before being incorporated in 1847. The organisation is now an educational charity and accredited awarding body with its courses taught worldwide. The first US graduate of Gem-A's diploma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Michigan
Michigan ( ) is a peninsular state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, Indiana and Illinois to the southwest, Ohio to the southeast, and the Canadian province of Ontario to the east, northeast and north. With a population of 10.14 million and an area of , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the largest by total area east of the Mississippi River.''i.e.'', including water that is part of state territory. Georgia is the largest state by land area alone east of the Mississippi and Michigan the second-largest. The state capital is Lansing, while its most populous city is Detroit. The Metro Detroit region in Southeast Michigan is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies. Other important metropolitan areas include Grand Rapids, Flint, Ann Arbor, Kalamazoo, the Tri-Cities, and Muskego ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Inventions ...
The following articles cover the timeline of United States inventions: * Timeline of United States of America inventions (before 1890), before the turn of the century * Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945), before World War II * Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991), during the Cold War * Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991), after the dissolution of the Soviet Union {{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of United States Inventions United States inventions United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Technology Companies Of The United States
{{Disambiguation ...
Defunct may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the process of becoming antiquated, out of date, old-fashioned, no longer in general use, or no longer useful, or the condition of being in such a state. When used in a biological sense, it means imperfect or rudimentary when comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czochralski Method
The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals (monocrystals) of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones. The method is named after Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, who invented the method in 1915 while investigating the crystallization rates of metals. He made this discovery by accident: instead of dipping his pen into his inkwell, he dipped it in molten tin, and drew a tin filament, which later proved to be a single crystal. The process remains economically important, as roughly 90% of all modern-day semiconductor devices use material derived from this method. The most important application may be the growth of large cylindrical ingots, or boules, of single crystal silicon used in the electronics industry to make semiconductor devices like integrated circuits. Other semiconductors, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminium, aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula aluminium, Alsilicon, Sioxygen, O(fluorine, F, hydroxide, OH). It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden-brown to yellow-orange. Topaz is often treated with heat or radiation to make it a deep blue, reddish-orange, pale green, pink, or purple. Topaz is a nesosilicate mineral, and more specifically, an aluminosilicate mineral. It is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals and has a relatively low index of refraction. It has the orthorhombic crystal system and a dipyramidial crystal class. It occurs in many places in the world. Some of the most popular places where topaz is sourced are Brazil and Russia. Topaz is often mined in open pit or alluvial settings. Etymology The word "topaz" is usually believed to be derived (via Old French: Topace and Latin: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrine Quartz
Citrine is a transparent, yellow variety of quartz. Its name is derived from the Latin word ''citrus'' (citron tree), by way of the French ''citrin'' or ''citron'' (lemon). Citrine is one of the most popular yellow gemstones. It is sometimes used as a modern, more affordable alternative to the traditional November birthstone, topaz. Not every yellow quartz is considered citrine, and there is disagreement as to when the name "citrine" is appropriately used. However, quartz stained by iron inclusions or coatings is generally not considered citrine. Natural citrine is rare; most commercially available citrine is produced by heating amethyst or smoky quartz. Natural citrine tends to have a pale yellow, often smoky color, while heat-treated amethyst is typically a deeper yellow, orange, red, or even brown ("burnt amethyst"). Color File:Citrine 1 (Russie).jpg, Twinned natural citrine crystals from Russia File:Quartz-60953.jpg, Natural citrine crystal from Brazil File:Citrin cut.jpg, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diamond Simulant
A diamond simulant, diamond imitation or imitation diamond is an object or material with gemology, gemological characteristics similar to those of a diamond. Simulants are distinct from synthetic diamonds, which are actual diamonds exhibiting the same material properties of diamond, material properties as natural diamonds. Diamond enhancement, Enhanced diamonds are also excluded from this definition. A diamond simulant may be artificial, natural, or in some cases a combination thereof. While their material properties depart markedly from those of diamond, simulants have certain desired characteristics—such as dispersion (optics), dispersion and hardness—which lend themselves to imitation. Trained gemologists with appropriate equipment are able to distinguish natural and synthetic diamonds from all diamond simulants, primarily by visual inspection. The most common diamond simulants are high-Flint glass, leaded glass (i.e., rhinestones) and cubic zirconia (CZ), both artificial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Furnace
An industrial furnace is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically operating at temperatures above 400 degrees Celsius. These furnaces generate heat by combusting fuel with air or oxygen, or through Electricity, electrical energy, and are used across various industries for applications such as chemical reactions, cremation, Oil refinery, oil refining, and Glass melting furnace, glasswork. The residual heat is expelled as flue gas. While the term industrial furnace encompasses a wide range of high-temperature equipment, one specific type is the direct fired heater, also known as a direct fired furnace or process furnace. Direct fired heaters are primarily used in refinery and petrochemical applications to efficiently transfer heat to process fluids by means of combustion. Unlike other industrial furnaces used in metallurgical furnace, metallurgy or batch ovens, direct fired heaters are optimized for precise temperature control and high thermal efficiency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
