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Sheikh Hasan Ibn Sheikh Adi II
Sheikh Hasan ibn Sheikh ‘Adī II () is a holy and historical figure who is revered in Yazidism and considered the physical or earthly incarnation of Melik Şêxsin, one of the Seven Divine Beings to whom God assigned the World's affairs. Melik Şêxsin is associated with the Pen and consequently with writing and books, he is thus called Xudanê Qelemê (The Master of the Pen). Adani Sheikhs are the descendants of Sheikh Hasan and were traditionally the only ones in Yazidi society that had the privilege to acquire the art of writing and reading. Historical biography Şêx Hesen was the son of Sheikh Adi II, who was the son of Abu Sakhr ibn Barakat. The Yazidis enjoyed a widespread geographical and political authority during the reign of Şêx Hesen and under his term of office, traditional Kurdish beliefs and myths began to reassert themselves as part of the local religious tradition and eventually became an integral part of the community's culture. More significantly, the grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazidism
Yazidism, also known as Sharfadin, is a Monotheism, monotheistic ethnic religion which has roots in Ancient Iranian religion, pre-Zoroastrian Iranian religion, directly derived from the Indo-Iranians, Indo-Iranian tradition. Its followers, called Yazidis, are a Kurdish language, Kurdish-speaking community. Yazidism includes elements of ancient Iranian religions, as well as elements of Judaism, Church of the East, and Islam."Yazīdī" ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. (2025) [1998]. Yazidism is based on belief in one God who created the world and entrusted it into the care of seven Holy Beings, known as Angels. Preeminent among these Angels is Tawûsî Melek (, also spelled as ''Melek Taûs''), who is the leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armenia, Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as Principality of Samtskhe, princes of Samtskhe. Title origins and meanings The word ''atabeg'' is a compound of the Turkic languages, Turkic word ''ata'', "ancestor", or "father" and the word ''beg'' or ''bey'', "lord, leader, prince". ''Beg'' is stated in some sources as being of Iranian origin (as in the compound Baghdad from ''bag/beg'' and ''dad'', "lord" given). However, according to Gerhard Doerfer, the word ''beg'' may have possibly been of Turkic origin – the origin of the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazidi Mythology
Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (; ), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The majority of Yazidis remaining in the Middle East today live in Iraq, primarily in the governorates of Nineveh and Duhok. There is a disagreement among scholars and in Yazidi circles on whether the Yazidi people are a distinct ethnoreligious group or a religious sub-group of the Kurds, an Iranic ethnic group. Yazidism is the ethnic religion of the Yazidi people and is monotheistic in nature, having roots in a pre-Zoroastrian Iranic faith. Since the spread of Islam began with the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries, Yazidis have faced persecution by Arabs and later by Turks, as they have commonly been charged with heresy by Muslim clerics for their religious practices. Despite various state-sanctions in the Ottoman Empire, Yazidis historically have lived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adawiyya Sufi Order
Adawiyya (; ), also pejoratively known as Yazidiyya (; ), was a Sunni Sufi order founded by Adi ibn Musafir in Kurdistan. Adawiyya was a syncretic and heterodox sect, heavily influenced by Pre-Islamic religions. It later evolved into Yazidism. Origins The Adawiyya order was founded by Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir. Adi ibn Musafir was from the Umayyad dynasty, born around 1075 in a village known as Bait Far, near Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon. From his remote village, he travelled to Baghdad to study Sufism. Later, in the 11th century, he moved to Lalish, inhabited mainly by the Hakkari and Dasini tribes. The region was very dangerous and isolated at the time, as many Kurds had not converted to Islam and were hostile to outsiders. He was based in Lalish, where he founded the Adawiyya order. Abdulqadir Gilani had studied with Sheikh Adi in Baghdad, and helped Sheikh Adi settle in Kurdistan. Sheikh Adi was influenced by various Sufi sheikhs, including Abdulqadir Gilani, al-Ghazali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahdinan
The Bahdinan (or Badinan) was one of the most powerful and enduring Kurdish emirates. It was founded by ''Baha-al-Din'' originally from '' Şemzînan'' area in Hakkari in sometime between 13th or 14th century CE. The capital of this emirate was Amedi for a long time. Geographical extent Bahdinan generally consisted of the region north and northeast of the Mosul plain. Its capital was the town of Amadiya (Amêdî), and it also included Akre, Shush, and Duhok, along with the Zebari lands along the Great Zab river.. The principality of Bahdinan sometimes also extended to include Zakho in the west. To the north, Bahdinan bordered the principalities of Bohtan and Hakkâri, and to the south it bordered the principality of Soran. The name "Bahdinan" is still applied to the region inhabited by the Barwari, Doski, Gulli, Muzuri, Raykani, Silayvani, Sindi, and Zebari tribes. According to Evliya Celebi the principality was divided into the following districts: Aqra, Zakho, Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakkari (historical Region)
Hakkari ( , or Kurdish: هەکاری), was a historical mountainous region lying to the south of Lake Van, encompassing parts of the modern provinces of Hakkâri Province, Hakkâri, Şırnak Province, Şırnak, Van Province, Van in Turkey and Dohuk Governorate, Dohuk in Iraq. During the late Ottoman Empire it was a sanjak within the old Vilayet of Van. History The region stretching from Tur Abdin to Hakkari formed the Nairi lands which served as the northern Assyrian frontier and border with their Urartu, Urartian rivals. The Assyrian people, Assyrians of this region were Christians adhering to the Assyrian Church of the East and lived here until 1924, when the last Assyrians who survived the Assyrian genocide and massacres that occurred during 1918 were expelled. Most subsequently moved to the Sapna valley, Sapna and Nahla, Iraq, Nahla valleys in northern Iraq. Those who went to Simele ended up immigrating further to the Tell Tamer Subdistrict in Syria during the 1930s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Adi Ibn Musafir
Adi ibn Musafir (, ; born 1072–1078, died 1162) was a Sunni Muslim sheikh who founded the Adawiyya order. He is also considered a Yazidi saint. The Yazidis consider him as an avatar of Tawûsî Melek, which means "Peacock Angel". His tomb at Lalish, Iraq is a focal point of Yazidi pilgrimage. He was an Arab from the Umayyad dynasty. He had distant Kurdish heritage as a direct descendant of Marwan II, who was born to a Kurdish mother. Biography Sheikh Adi was born in the 1070s in the village of Bait Far, near Baalbek, in the Beqaa Valley of present-day Lebanon. He hailed from the Umayyad lineage and was a descent from Marwan II, who was born to a Kurdish mother. Sheikh Adi first received Islamic education in the nearby region, likely in Damascus. He then went to Baghdad, where he settled and continued his Islamic education with Sufi circles. He was Shafi'i. In Baghdad, Sheikh Adi was a disciple of Ahmad Ghazali, Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, and Abdul Qadir Gilani, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lalish
Lalish (, also known as Lalişa Nûranî) is a mountain valley and temple located in the Nineveh Plains, Iraq. It is the holiest temple of the Yazidis. It is the location of the tomb of the Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, a central figure of the Yazidi faith. The temple is above the town of Shekhan, which had the second largest population of Yazidi prior to the persecution of Yazidis by ISIL. The temple is about sixty kilometers north of Mosul and 14 kilometers west from the village Ayn Sifna. The temple is built at about 861 meters above sea level and situated among three mountains, Hizrat in the west, Misat in the south and Arafat in the north. At least once in their lifetimes, Yazidis are expected to make a six-day pilgrimage to Lalish to visit the tomb of Şêx Adî and other sacred places. These other sacred places are shrines dedicated to other holy beings. There are two sacred springs called Zamzam and the Kaniya Spî (White Spring). Below Sheikh Adi's sanctuary, which also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badr Al-Din Lu'lu'
Badr al-Din Lu'lu' () (-1259) (the name Lu'Lu' means 'The Pearl', indicative of his servile origins) was successor to the Zengid emirs of Mosul, where he governed in variety of capacities from 1234 to 1259 following the death of Nasir ad-Din Mahmud. He was the founder of the short-lived Luluid dynasty. Originally a slave of the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I, he was the first Middle-Eastern mamluk to transcend servitude and become an emir in his own right, founding the dynasty of the Lu'lu'id emirs (1234-1262), and anticipating the rise of the Bahri Mamluks of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt by twenty years (but postdating the rise of the Mamluk dynasty in India). He preserved control of al-Jazira through a series of tactical submissions to larger neighboring powers, at various times recognizing Ayyubid, Rûmi Seljuq, and Mongol overlords. His surrender to the Mongols after 1243 temporarily spared Mosul the destruction experienced by other settlements in Mesopotamia. Ris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosul
Mosul ( ; , , ; ; ; ) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. It is the second largest city in Iraq overall after the capital Baghdad. Situated on the banks of Tigris, the city encloses the ruins of the ancient Old Assyrian Empire, Assyrian city of Nineveh—once the List of largest cities throughout history, largest city in the world—on its east side. Due to its strategic and central location, the city has traditionally served as one of the hubs of international commerce and travel in the region. It is considered as one of the historically and culturally significant cities of the Arab world. The North Mesopotamian dialect of Arabic commonly known as North Mesopotamian Arabic, ''Moslawi'' is named after Mosul, and is widely spoken in the region. Together, with the Nineveh Plains, Mosul is a historical center of the Assyrian people, Assyrians. The surrounding region is ethnically and religiously diverse; a large majority of the city is A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adawiyya
Adawiyya (; ), also pejoratively known as Yazidiyya (; ), was a Sunni Sufi order founded by Adi ibn Musafir in Kurdistan. Adawiyya was a syncretic and heterodox sect, heavily influenced by Pre-Islamic religions. It later evolved into Yazidism. Origins The Adawiyya order was founded by Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir. Adi ibn Musafir was from the Umayyad dynasty, born around 1075 in a village known as Bait Far, near Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon. From his remote village, he travelled to Baghdad to study Sufism. Later, in the 11th century, he moved to Lalish, inhabited mainly by the Hakkari and Dasini tribes. The region was very dangerous and isolated at the time, as many Kurds had not converted to Islam and were hostile to outsiders. He was based in Lalish, where he founded the Adawiyya order. Abdulqadir Gilani had studied with Sheikh Adi in Baghdad, and helped Sheikh Adi settle in Kurdistan. Sheikh Adi was influenced by various Sufi sheikhs, including Abdulqadir Gilani, al-G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
