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Shahumyan Province
Shahumyan Province (, also spelled ''Shaumyan'' and ''Shahumian'') was a Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh, province of the political status of Nagorno-Karabakh, breakaway Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The capital of the province was Kalbajar, Karvachar. Shahumyan Province had 17 communities of which one is considered urban and 16 are rural. Its bordered Martakert Province to the east, Kashatagh Province to the south, Gegharkunik Province, Gegharkunik and Vayots Dzor Province, Vayots Dzor provinces of Armenia to the west and Dashkasan District, Dashkasan, Goygol District, Goygol and Goranboy District, Goranboy districts of Azerbaijan to the north. The western part of the province, corresponding to the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan, was controlled by Artsakh from 1993 to 2020, while the northern part, originally the Shahumyan District of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijani SSR (now part of the Goranboy D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Divisions Of The Republic Of Artsakh
The administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh were of two types; provinces and cities. There were six provinces and one special administrative city (the capital of the Republic, Stepanakert). Municipalities in Artsakh were divided into 2 categories: urban communities and rural communities. Before the 2020 war, there were 10 towns (urban) and 322 villages (rural) in Artsakh. Administrative divisions These divisions included territories never controlled by the Republic of Artsakh. They were officially considered occupied by Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan divisions and claimed territories Before the Artsakh republic was established, the territory was organized by the Republic of Azerbaijan into a number of rayons (districts). Artsakh extended its provinces across the border of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), removing the administrative distinction between the two areas. The following districts, which were not part of the NKAO but were in Azerbaij ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalbajar District
Kalbajar District () is one of the 66 Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin District, Lachin, Khojaly District, Khojaly, Agdam District, Agdam, Tartar District, Tartar, Goranboy District, Goranboy, Goygol District, Goygol and Dashkasan District, Dashkasan districts of Azerbaijan, as well as the Gegharkunik Province, Gegharkunik and Vayots Dzor Province, Vayots Dzor provinces of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Kalbajar. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 94,100. History In Turkic languages, Turkic ''Kalbajar'' means ''"Castle on the mouth of the river"''. The city of Kalbajar was renamed to ''Karvachar'' () after its occupation in the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, which corresponds to the ancient district of Vaykunik, one of 12 cantons of Artsakh (historic province), Artsakh.Robert H. Hewsen, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepan Shahumyan
Stepan Georgevich Shaumian (; ; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was an Armenians, Armenian Bolsheviks, Bolshevik revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus. His role as a leader of the Russian Revolution in the Caucasus earned him the nickname of the "Caucasian Lenin", a reference to Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. The founder and editor of several newspapers and journals, Shaumian is best known as the head of the 26 Baku Commissars, Baku Commune, a short-lived committee appointed by Lenin in March 1918 with the task of leading the revolution in the Caucasus and West Asia. His tenure as leader of the Baku Commune was marred with numerous problems including ethnic violence between Baku's Armenian and Azerbaijani people, Azerbaijani populations, attempting to defend the city against an advancing Ottoman Army of Islam, Turkish army, all the while attempting to spread the cause of the revolution throughout the region. Unlike many of the other Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolshevik party, formally established in 1912, seized power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917, and was later renamed the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party, and ultimately the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Its ideology, based on Leninism, Leninist and later Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist principles, became known as Bolshevism. The origin of the RSDLP split was Lenin's support for a smaller party of professional revolutionaries, as opposed to the Menshevik desire for a broad party membership. The influence of the factions fluctuated in the years up to 1912, when the RSDLP formally split in two. The political philosophy of the Bolsheviks was based on the Leninist pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gülüstan, Goranboy
Gülüstan or Gulistan (; ultimately from Persian language, Persian 'rose garden') is a village in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan. It is a part of the municipality of Buzluq. The village had an Armenian majority prior to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and Operation Ring. The village is currently uninhabited since Operation Ring. Geography The village is located on an elongated hilltop in a forested area on the northern side of the Murovdağ, Murov/Mrav mountain range, on the right bank of the Injachay () River. History Between the 16th and the 18th century, the Gulustan Fortress, fortress of Gulistan (3 km from the village) was one of the seats (the other was Talish, Tartar, Talish) of the Principality of Gulistan ruled by the Armenian Melik Beglarian family, one of the Melikdoms of Karabakh, Five Melikdoms of Karabakh. A ruined church dating to 1659 and another newer church were located in the village. A monastery called (Holy Savior) was located in the vicinity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melik
Мelik (, from ) was a hereditary Armenian noble title used in Eastern Armenia from the Late Middle Ages until the nineteenth century. The meliks represented some of the last remnants of the old Armenian nobility, as well as Persian nobility in Shirvan and other areas of the Persian Empire. The most prominent and powerful meliks were those of Karabagh ( Artsakh) and Syunik, which ruled autonomous or semi-autonomous principalities known as melikdoms () under Iranian suzerainty. Meliks also existed in Yerevan, Nakhichevan, Sevan, Lori, Northwestern Persia, and other areas, although outside of Karabagh and Syunik most were merely hereditary leaders of local Armenian communities, not rulers of principalities. The meliks of Karabagh each had their troops and military fortifications known as s. They ruled on legal disputes within their territory and collected tax. The meliks of Karabagh saw themselves as the last bastion of Armenian independence in the region. After the conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khachen
The Principality of Khachen ( Modern Armenian: ) was a medieval Armenian principality on the territory of historical Artsakh (present-day Karabakh).''Abū-Dulaf Misʻar Ibn Muhalhil's Travels in Iran (circa A.D. 950)'', ed. and trans. Vladimir Minorsky. Cairo: Cairo University Press, 1955, p. 74. "Khajin (Armenian Khachen) was an Armenian principality immediately south of Barda'a." The provinces of Artsakh and Utik were attached to the Kingdom of Armenia in antiquity, although they were later lost to Caucasian Albania. In the early medieval period, these provinces were under Sassanid and then Arab suzerainty until the establishment of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia in the 9th century. From the 12th century, the principality of Khachen dominated the region. The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII addressed his letters to the prince of Khachen with the inscription "To Prince of Khachen, Armenia." All of the contemporary sources refer to the ruler of the principality an Armen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Armenia (antiquity)
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major ( '; ), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire under Tigranes the Great, Tigranes II, was an Armenians, Armenian kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into the successive reigns of three Royal family, royal dynasties: Orontid dynasty, Orontid (331–200 BC), Artaxiad dynasty, Artaxiad (189 BC12 AD), and Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid (52–428). The root of the kingdom lies in the Satrapy of Armenia of the Achaemenid Empire of Iran, which was formed from the territory of Urartu (860–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Medes in 590 BC. The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, which was then incorporated as one of the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire. Under the Seleucid Empire ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artsakh (historic Province)
Artsakh may refer to: Places * Artsakh (historical province), in the ancient Kingdom of Armenia * Kingdom of Artsakh, a medieval Armenian Kingdom * Nagorno-Karabakh, region in the South Caucasus, also known as Artsakh * Republic of Artsakh, a breakaway state in the South Caucasus which existed from 1991 to 2023 Other uses * "Artsakh" (song), a 1999 instrumental folk song by Armenian composer Ara Gevorgyan * "Artsakh", a single by Armenian American composer and singer Serj Tankian See also * * Arsak (other) * Karabakh (other) {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dadivank Monastery
Dadivank () or Khutavank (Dominique Auzias, Jean-Paul Labourdette, ''Petit fûté Arménie''. Paris: Nouvelles éditions de l'Université, 2005, p. 203.) is an Armenian Apostolic monastery in the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan. It was built between the 9th and 13th centuries and is one of the main monastic complexes of medieval Armenia. In Azerbaijan, the monastery is called Dadivəng or Xudavəng. Azerbaijan denies the monastery's Armenian religious and cultural heritage, instead falsely referring to it as a "Caucasian Albanian temple." History and architecture The monastery is said to have been founded by St. Dadi, a disciple of Thaddeus the Apostle who spread Christianity in Eastern Armenia during the first century AD. However, the monastery is only first mentioned in the 9th century. In July 2007, the grave said to belong to St. Dadi was discovered under the holy altar of the main church. The princes of Upper Khachen are also buried at Dadivank, under the church's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fog Over The Gorge Of The Tartar
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. Reprint from Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog affects many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare. Fog appears when water vapor (water in its gaseous form) condenses. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny water droplets that hang in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of saline water, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent than, mist. Definition The term ''fog'' is typically distinguished from the more generic term ''cloud'' in that fog is low-lying, and the moisture in the fog is often generated locally (such as from a nearby body of water, like a lake or ocean, or from nearby moist ground or marshes). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Ring
Operation Ring (; , ), known in Azerbaijan as Operation Chaykand () was the codename for the May 1991 military operation conducted by the Soviet Army, Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union), Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) of the USSR and OMON units of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR in the Goygol District, Khanlar and Goranboy District, Shahumyan districts of the Azerbaijani SSR, the Shusha District (NKAO), Shusha, Mardakert District (NKAO), Martakert and Hadrut District (NKAO), Hadrut districts of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, and along the eastern border of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian SSR in the districts of Goris, Noyemberyan District, Noyemberyan, Ijevan and Shamshadin District, Shamshadin. Officially dubbed a "Passport system in the Soviet Union, passport checking operation," the ostensible goal of the operation was to disarm "illegal armed formations" in and around Nagorno-Karabakh, re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
