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Setut
SetutWilliam C. Hayes, in ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, . p. 996. or Senen... was a pharaoh of the 9th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (between 2160 and 2130 BCE, during the First Intermediate Period). There is no contemporary archaeological find attesting the existence of this ruler since he is definitely known only by the Turin King List, where his incomplete name ''Senen ..' appears in position 4.22. He should have reigned from Herakleopolis after Nebkaure Khety or Wahkare Khety Wahkare Khety was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 9th or 10th Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. Identity The identity of Wahkare Khety is controversial. While some scholars believe that he was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, m ...,Darrell D. Baker: ''The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC'', Stacey International, , 2008, p. 389-390 being one of the ephemeral r ...
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9th Dynasty
The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period. The dynasty that seems to have supplanted the Eighth Dynasty is extremely obscure. The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt". Rulers The Ninth Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the Tenth Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.Sir Alan Gardiner Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner, (29 March 1879 – 19 December 1963) was an English Egyptologist, linguist, philologist, and independent scholar. He is regarded as one of the p ...
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Nebkaure Khety
Nebkaure Khety was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 9th or 10th Dynasty, during the First Intermediate Period. Reign Practically nothing is known about the events of Nebkaure's reign; due to the contrasting opinions of scholars, even its datation is still difficult. Many Egyptologists assign Nebkaure to the 9th Dynasty, possibly the fourth king (and the second king bearing the name ''Khety''), just after Neferkare.William C. Hayes, in ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, , p. 465.Michael Rice, ''Who is who in Ancient Egypt'', 1999 (2004), Routledge, London, , pp. 5-6. On the other hand, other scholars such as Jürgen von Beckerath believe instead that Nebkaure reigned during the subsequent 10th Dynasty, possibly before Meryibre Khety.Jürgen von Beckerath, ''Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen'', 2nd edition, Mainz, 1999, p. 74. Attestations Like many of the kings who preceded or succeeded him, attestations of Nebkaure ...
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Ninth Dynasty Of Egypt
The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period. The dynasty that seems to have supplanted the Eighth Dynasty is extremely obscure. The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt". Rulers The Ninth Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the Tenth Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.Sir Alan Gardiner Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner, (29 March 1879 – 19 December 1963) was an English Egyptologist, linguist, philologist, and independent scholar. He is regarded as one of the pre ...
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Turin King List
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin. The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the ancient Egyptians, and is the basis for most chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. Creation and use The papyrus is believed to date from the reign of Ramesses II, during the middle of the New Kingdom, or the 19th Dynasty. The beginning and ending of the list are now lost; there is no introduction, and the list does not continue after the 19th Dynasty. The composition may thus have occurred at any subsequent time, from the reign of Ramesses II to as late as the 20th Dynasty. The papyrus lists the names of rulers, the lengths of reigns in years, with months and days for some kings. In some cases they are grouped together by family, which corresponds approximately to the dynasties of Manetho's book. ...
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Wahkare Khety I
Wahkare Khety was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 9th or 10th Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. Identity The identity of Wahkare Khety is controversial. While some scholars believe that he was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, many others place him in the subsequent 10th Dynasty.William C. Hayes, in ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, , p. 996.Michael Rice, ''Who is who in Ancient Egypt'', 1999 (2004), Routledge, London, , p. 7. 9th Dynasty hypothesis If Wahkare Khety was the founder of the 9th Dynasty, he may be identified with the hellenized king Achthoês, the founder of this dynasty according to Manetho. Manetho reports: The first of these ings Achthoês, behaving more cruel than his predecessors, wrought woes for the people of all of Egypt, but afterwards he was smitten with madness and killed by a crocodile.William Gillian Waddell: ''Manetho (= The Loeb classical library. Bd. 350)''. Harvard University ...
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Jürgen Von Beckerath
Jürgen von Beckerath (19 February 1920, Hanover – 26 June 2016, Schlehdorf) was a German Egyptologist. He was a prolific writer who published countless articles in journals such as '' Orientalia'', '' Göttinger Miszellen'' (GM), '' Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt'' (JARCE), '' Archiv für Orientforschung'' (AfO), and ''Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur'' (SAK) among others. Together with Kenneth Kitchen, he is viewed as one of the foremost scholars on the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. His many popular German-language publications include ''Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen'', 2nd edition (Mainz, 1999) and ''Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten'' or "Chronology of the Egyptian Pharaohs," MÄS 46 (Philip von Zabern, Mainz: 1997), which is regarded by academics as one of the best and most comprehensive books on the chronology of Ancient Egypt and its various Pharaohs. In 1953, he personally inspected and recorded the Nile ...