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Serpukhov-15
Serpukhov-15 () is a military townlet near Kurilovo, Kaluga Oblast, Kurilovo in Kaluga Oblast which is the location of the western control centre for Russia's Oko satellites. These give early warning of ballistic missile launches, mainly from the continental United States. The site is part of the Russian missile attack early warning system, Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning and information from here is processed at the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces centre in Solnechnogorsk and could be used, together with early warning radar such as the voronezh radar, Voronezh, for launch on warning of the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system. A similar facility is located at Pivan-1 in the Russian Far East. The name Serpukhov-15 is a code name following the practice established to name closed city, closed cities and military facilities. It is named after the nearest city, Serpukhov in Moscow Oblast which is about away. Oko Oko consists of two types of early warning satellites - US-K and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pivan-1
Pivan-1 () is a military townlet near Komsomolsk-na-Amur in Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East which is the location of the eastern control centre for Russia's Oko satellites. These give early warning of ballistic missile launches, mainly from the continental United States. The site is part of the Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning and information from here is processed at the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces centre in Solnechnogorsk and could be used, together with early warning radar such as the Voronezh, for launch on warning or the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system. A similar facility is located at Serpukhov-15 near Moscow. The name Pivan-1 is a code name following the practice established to name closed cities and military facilities. It is named after the nearest settlement, Pivan. Oko Oko consists of two types of early warning satellites - US-K and US-KMO. The older US-K satellites are in highly elliptical molniya orbits which give them coverage o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
US-KMO
US-KMO (), an abbreviation for Upravlyaemy Sputnik - Kontinenty Morya Okeany () meaning ''Controllable Satellite - Continents, Oceans, Seas'' is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites which are used to identify ballistic missile launches. They provide early warning of missile attack and give information for the Moscow A-135 anti-ballistic missile system. They were run by the Russian Space Forces and it was succeeded by the Aerospace Defence Forces. These satellites are part of the Oko programme and are in geosynchronous orbit 35,750 km above the Earth's equator. This means that they are always in the same place with the same field of view. Western locations give Russia coverage of missile launches in the United States whereas more eastern ones give coverage of China and the Middle East. They complement ground-based early warning radars and the US-K satellites which are in molniya orbits. The first prototype satellite was launched on 8 October 1975, atop a Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Missile Attack Early Warning System
The 820th Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning () is the Russian Space Forces early-warning radar, early warning network against ballistic missile attack. It has headquarters in the village of Timonovo near Solnechnogorsk outside Moscow and is part of the Russian Space Forces of the Russian Aerospace Forces, Aerospace Forces. The centre consists of a network of early warning radar stations which transmit their data to the control centre near Solnechnogorsk. Other information comes from the early warning Oko and EKS (satellite system), EKS satellites as well as the Don-2N radar, Don-2N missile defence radar. Information from the centre could be used for a launch on warning nuclear missile attack or to engage the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system. The Main Centre The centre is the control centre for the radar network. Here signals from every station are received and, if necessary, a message can be sent to the presidential 'nuclear briefcase' for authorisation to use nuclear wea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny ( meaning ''Continental Controllable Satellite'') or US-K () is a series of Russian, previously Soviet Union, Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos (satellite), Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye. As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable. History US-K are the first generation of Oko satellites, the first of which was launched in 1972. The vast majority of the satellites launched (86 out of 100 as of March 2012 ) have been US-K satellites in molniya orbits. Seven first generation satellites were launched into geosynchronous orbits, called US-KS, starting in 1975. A decree of 3 September 1979 led to the crea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Townlet
In military of Russia and some other post-Soviet states (as well as in the former Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...), a military townlet (), also translated as military town or barracks town, is a special territory with buildings and structures located on it , which are intended to accommodate one or more military units , institutions , military educational institutions , and enterprises of the armed forces. Modern Russia Many of them were classified and had a restricted access ("closed military townlet"). By 2005 there were 952 of closed ones in Russia. Military townlets have considerable problems with residential facilities, especially for veterans. Therefore a gradual declassification of some of them and passing their jurisdiction from military to c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1983 Soviet Nuclear False Alarm Incident
On 26 September 1983, during the Cold War, the Soviet nuclear early warning system Oko reported the launch of one intercontinental ballistic missile with four more missiles behind it, from the United States. These missile attack warnings were suspected to be false alarms by Stanislav Petrov, an engineer of the Soviet Air Defence Forces on duty at the command center of the early-warning system. He decided to wait for corroborating evidence—of which none arrived—rather than immediately relaying the warning up the chain of command. This decision is seen as having prevented a retaliatory nuclear strike against the United States and its NATO allies, which would likely have resulted in a full-scale nuclear war. Investigation of the satellite warning system later determined that the system had indeed malfunctioned. Background The incident occurred at a time of severely strained relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Responding to the Soviet Union's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EKS (satellite)
EKS ( meaning Integrated Cosmos System ) Kupol ( meaning Dome) is a developing programme of Russian early warning satellites as a replacement for the US-KMO and US-K satellites of the Oko programme. The satellites are designed to identify any possible future ballistic missile launches, from outer space, and complement early warning radars such as the Voronezh. This gives advance notice of a nuclear attack and would provide information to the A-135 missile defence system which protects Moscow, as well as other Russian missile defense and counterattack resources. Six satellites are planned to be initially orbited. The first of these was launched on 17 November 2015 and , all six of them are in service. Background EKS has been designated to detect and track ballistic missiles launched towards Russia or its allies. The systems have been designed as a replacement for the current system of early warning satellites called Oko, which had its first launch in 1972 and was described in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGM-30 Minuteman
The LGM-30 Minuteman is an American land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in service with the Air Force Global Strike Command. , the LGM-30G (Version 3) is the only land-based ICBM in service in the United States and represents the land leg of the U.S. nuclear triad, along with the Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) and nuclear weapons carried by long-range strategic bombers. Development of the Minuteman began in the mid-1950s when basic research indicated that a solid-fuel rocket motor could stand ready to launch for long periods of time, in contrast to liquid-fueled rockets that required fueling before launch and so might be destroyed in a surprise attack. The missile was named for the colonial minutemen of the American Revolutionary War, who could be ready to fight on short notice. The Minuteman entered service in 1962 as a deterrence weapon that could hit Soviet cities with a second strike and countervalue counterattack if the U.S. wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A-35 Anti-ballistic Missile System
The A-35 anti-ballistic missile system was a USSR, Soviet military anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system deployed around Moscow to intercept enemy ballistic missiles targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The A-35 was the only Soviet ABM system allowed under the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. In development as of the 1960s and in operation from June 1972 until the 1990s, it featured the nuclear-armed ABM-1 Galosh, A350 Exosphere, exoatmospheric interceptor missile. The A-35 was supported by two Dunay radars (NATO reporting name, NATO reporting names: Cat House and Dog House) and the Soviet early warning system. It was followed by the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system, A-135 in the early 1990s. System A The first Soviet anti-ballistic missile system was System A, which began development at Sary Shagan, Sary Shagan's Test Range A in July 1956, followed by testing starting in 1959. System A used the Fakel V-1000, V-1000 missile to intercept enemy missiles. First launch of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABM-1 Galosh
The A-350 GRAU 5V61 (NATO reporting name ABM-1 Galosh, formerly SH-01) was a Soviet Union, Soviet, nuclear armed surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile. The A-350 was a component of the A-35 anti-ballistic missile system. Its primary mission was to destroy U.S. Minuteman (missile), Minuteman and Titan (rocket family), Titan intercontinental ballistic missiles targeting Moscow. The A-350 was introduced during the 1960s with mechanically steered semi-active radar guidance. It contained a high-yield nuclear warhead, comparable to the U.S. LIM-49 Nike Zeus, Nike Zeus. The A-350R (NATO reporting name ABM-1B) was introduced with the advanced A-35M missile system and became operational during 1978. This system was tested at the Sary Shagan Launch Facility with five test flights during 1971, 1976 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-25 Berkut
The S-25, initially designated as Berkut (; "Berkut" means golden eagle in English) is a surface-to-air guided missile, the first operational SAM system in the Soviet Union. In the early 1950s it was tested at Kapustin Yar. It was deployed in several rings around Moscow starting in 1955 and became combat ready in June 1956. The system failed, however, to detect, track, and intercept the only overflight of the Soviet capital Moscow by a U-2 reconnaissance plane on July 5, 1956. It was used only defensively at Moscow; the more mobile S-75 (SA-2 Guideline) would be used in almost all other locations. Several improvements were introduced over its long service lifetime, and the system was finally replaced by the S-300P in 1982. Its NATO reporting name is SA-1 ''Guild''. S-25 is short for ''Systema 25'', referring to the entire system of missiles, radars, and launchers. Portions of the system include the V-300 missile, R-113 and B-200 radars, and A-11/A-12 antennas for the B-200. Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos 2469
Kosmos 2469 ( meaning ''Cosmos 2469'') was a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 2010 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors. Kosmos 2469 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 17:01 UTC on 30 September 2010. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2010-049A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 37170. It was the last launch of a US-K satellite and the last launch of a Molniya-M rocket. On 15 October 2022, Kosmos 2469 re-entered the atmosphere. See also *List of Kosmos satellites (2251–2500) The designation '' Kosmos'' ( meaning ''Cosmos'') is a generic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
