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Sergio Garavini
Sergio Garavini (18 May 1926 – 7 September 2001) was an Italian politician, writer, and trade unionist. Life and career Garavini was born in Turin. At a very young age, he entered the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the trade union Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL), which he contributed to reform after the defeat in the FIAT internal elections of 1955. He was subsequently regional secretary of CGIL, secretary of FIOM (CGIL's metallurgic workers confederation) and, finally, national secretary of CGIL. In the trade union conflict between Fausto Bertinotti (who always favoured strikes) and Sergio Cofferati (more incline to mediation), Garavini usually sided for the first policy, but also proposed intermediate solutions such as the intermittent strike or the permanent consultation. As a member of PCI, he supported Rossana Rossanda when she formed the party-newspaper ''il manifesto'' and was later expelled from the party, but Garavini never abandoned it. He was a st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies (Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, the upper house being the Senate of the Republic. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. The Chamber of Deputies has 400 seats, of which 392 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 8 from Italian citizens living abroad. Deputies are styled ''The Honourable'' (Italian: ''Onorevole'') and meet at Palazzo Montecitorio. Location The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the ''Palazzo Montecitorio'', where it has met since 1871, shortly after the capital of the Kingdom of Italy was moved to Rome at the successful conclusion of the Italian unification ''Risorgimento'' movement. Previously, the seat of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy had been briefly at the ''Palazzo Carignano'' in Turin (1861–1865) and the ''Palazzo Vecchio'' in Florence (1865–1871). Under the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Famiano Crucianelli
Famiano Crucianelli (born 1 January 1948 in Rome) is an Italian politician and surgeon. Biography A graduated in medicine and a surgeon, Crucianelli was one of the founders of ''Il manifesto'', the eponymous newspaper of the political group previously expelled from the Italian Communist Party (PCI). With the Manifesto he participated in the creation of the Proletarian Unity Party for Communism (PdUP), for which he was elected deputy in 1979, taking over from a resigner. He was then elected in 1983 on a PCI-PdUP joint list. He returned to the Chamber of Deputies with the Communist Refoundation Party in 1992 and 1994. In March 1995 he voted the confidence to the Dini Cabinet, along with 14 other PRC deputies who had not accepted the directives imposed by the party. These rebel deputies left the PRC and founded the Movement of Unitarian Communists, of which Crucianelli was leader. The movement presented itself in the 1996 general elections into the PDS list and Crucianelli was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 Births
In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the last country to officially adopt the Gregorian Calendar, which ended the 344-year calendrical switch around the world that took place in October, 1582 by virtue of the Papal Bull made by Pope Gregory XIII. Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Ibn Saud is crowned ruler of the Kingdom of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne as Bảo Đại, the last monarch of the Nguyễn dynasty of the Kingdom of Vietnam. * January 16 – A British Broadcasting Company radio play by Ronald Knox about workers' revolution in London causes a panic among those who have not heard the preliminary announcement that it is a satire on broadcasting. * January 21 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Federation Of Metalworkers
The Italian Federation of Metalworkers (, FIOM) is a trade union representing workers in the metal and engineering industries in Italy. The union was founded at a conference in Livorno, on 16 June 1901. In 1906, it was a founding affiliate of the General Confederation of Labour. Membership grew steadily, and by 1916, it had reached 22,445. In 1919, the union signed an agreement limiting working hours to a maximum of 48 a week. It was banned by the fascist government in 1924. The union was re-established in 1944, and affiliated to the new Italian General Confederation of Labour. By 1946, it had 638,697 members. Although both the social democratic and Christian democratic groups soon split away, by 1949, the union still claimed 609,094 members. By 1998, membership had declined to 365,942. General Secretaries :1901: Ernesto Verzi :1907: Silla Coccia and Cleobulo Rossi :1908: Bruno Buozzi :1924: ''Union banned'' :1944: Giovanni Parodi :1945: Antonio Negro :1946: Giovanni Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lina Fibbi
Giulietta Fibbi (4 August 1920 – 21 January 2018) was an Italian trade union leader, communist politician and anti-fascist activist. Born in Fiesole in Italy, Fibbi grew up in Lyon, where her socialist father fled to avoid persecution by the fascist government. When she was 15, she began working in a textile mill, and two years later, she became the leader of the Union of French Girls. During World War II, Fibbi was imprisoned in the Rieucros Camp, where she worked closely with Teresa Noce to organise underground education in politics and the Italian language. She was returned to Italy in 1941 and immediately arrested but was released after six months, due to a lack of evidence against her. She was placed under surveillance for two years, and when this ended, she began working for the illegal Italian Communist Party (PCI). She joined the secretariat of the Garibaldi Brigades, and was one of the five founders of the Women's Defense Groups. After the war, Fibbi began worki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Federation Of Textile And Garment Workers
The Italian Federation of Textile and Garment Workers (, FILTEA) was a trade union representing workers in the textile and clothing industries in Italy. The union was founded in March 1966, when the Italian Federation of Textile Workers merged with the Italian Federation of Garment Workers and the Italian Federation of Hat and Allied Workers. Like its predecessors, it affiliated to the Italian General Confederation of Labour. The new union was immediately involved in disputes over pay and conditions, and then the Hot Autumn of 1968. The following decades saw a continuing decline in employment in the industries, and by 1998, the union had 138,289 members. In 2009, the union merged with the Italian Federation of Chemical, Energy and Manufacturing Workers, to form the Italian Federation of Chemical, Textile, Energy and Manufacturing Workers. General Secretaries :1966: Lina Fibbi :1969: Sergio Garavini :1975: Nella Marcellino and Ettore Masucci :1981: Nella Marcellino :1986: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shadow Cabinet Of Italy (1989)
The first Shadow Cabinet of Italy was launched by Achille Occhetto, Secretary of the Italian Communist Party The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Part ... from 1988 to 1991. The shadow cabinet was officially presented on 19 July 1989. References {{reflist See also *Shadow Cabinet of Italy (2008) Politics of Italy Shadow cabinets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of 3,660,834 inhabitants as of 2025. The capital city is Florence. Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on high culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and of the foundations of the Italian language. The prestige established by the Tuscan dialect's use in literature by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini led to its subsequent elaboration as the language of culture throughout Italy. It has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the Uffizi and the Palazzo Pitti. Tuscany is also known for its wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano, Brunello di Montalcino and white Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1994 Italian General Election
The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitting December 31. This was due to an adjustment of the International Date Line by the Kiribati government to bring all of its territories into the same calendar day. Events January * January 1 ** The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is established. ** Beginning of the Zapatista uprising in Mexico. * January 8 – '' Soyuz TM-18'': Valeri Polyakov begins his 437.7-day orbit of the Earth, eventually setting the world record for days spent in orbit. * January 11 – The Irish government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the Provisional Irish Republican Army and its political arm Sinn Féin. * January 14 – U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin accords, which stop t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 5 and 6 April 1992.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1048 They were the first without the traditionally second most important political force in Italian politics, the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which had been disbanded in 1991. Most of its members split between the more democratic socialist-oriented Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), while a minority who did not want to renounce the communist tradition became the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC); between them, they gained around 4% less than what the already declining PCI had obtained in the 1987 Italian general election, despite PRC absorbing the disbanded Proletarian Democracy (DP). The other major feature was the sudden rise of the Northern League (LN), a federalist party that increased its vote from 0.5% of the preceding elections to more than 8%, increasing from a single member both in the Chamber and the Senate to 55 and 25, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Italian Constituencies (1946-1994)
This is a list of Italian constituencies from 1946 to present. For the election of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, since 1993 Italy is divided in 27 districts called ''circoscrizioni''. However, the distribution of seats being calculated at national level, districts serve only to choose the single candidates inside the party lists. During the election of the Italian Senate, according to the Constitution, each Region is a single district, without connections at national level. During the Regional elections, the districts correspond to the Provinces, even if some seats are allocated at regional level. For the Provincial elections, a special system is used, based on ''localized lists'': even if the competition is disputed on provincial level, candidates are presented in single-member districts, and their final position inside each party list depends by the percentage of votes they received in their own districts. Finally, for the Communal elections no districts are used. Electo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies (Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, the upper house being the Senate of the Republic. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. The Chamber of Deputies has 400 seats, of which 392 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 8 from Italian citizens living abroad. Deputies are styled ''The Honourable'' (Italian: ''Onorevole'') and meet at Palazzo Montecitorio. Location The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the '' Palazzo Montecitorio'', where it has met since 1871, shortly after the capital of the Kingdom of Italy was moved to Rome at the successful conclusion of the Italian unification ''Risorgimento'' movement. Previously, the seat of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy had been briefly at the '' Palazzo Carignano'' in Turin (1861–1865) and the '' Palazzo Vecchio'' in Florence (1865–1871). Under the Fascist regime of Benito Mussol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
