|
Serbian Noble Titles
In the Medieval Serbian state, a range of court and honorific titles were used. Overview During the reign of King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321) the Serbian court hierarchy was: ''stavilac'', ''čelnik'', ''kaznac'', ''tepčija'' and '' vojvoda'', the supreme title. In the Dečani chrysobulls, King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–1331) mentioned that the court dignitaries present at the Dečani assembly were the ''kaznac'', ''tepčija'', ''vojvoda'', ''sluga'' and ''stavilac''. In the periods of the Serbian Kingdom and Serbian Empire, several Byzantine titles and honorifics were adopted, such as ''sevast'', ''protosevast'' and ''sevastokrator''. After the crowning of Stefan Dušan as Emperor (1346), there was a further increase in the Byzantinization of the Serbian court, especially in court ceremonies and titles. From his new position, Dušan could grant titles only possible for an emperor to grant, such as '' despot'', '' sevastokrator'', and '' ćesar''. The higher nobility – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Serbia
The medieval period in the history of Serbia began in the 6th century with the Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe, and lasted until the Ottoman Serbia, Ottoman conquest of Serbian lands in the second half of the 15th century. The period is also extended to 1537, when Pavle Bakić, the last titular Despot of Serbia in Hungarian exile, fell in the Battle of Gorjani. At the time of settling, Serbs were already transitioning from a tribal community into a feudal society. The first Serbian state with established political identity was founded by prince Vlastimir in the mid-9th century. It was followed by other Serbian proto states, unstable due to the constant clashes with the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarians, Principality of Hungary, Hungarians and Byzantine Empire, Byzantines, and by the conflict between Catholic Church, Rome and Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Constantinople regarding the Christianization of Serbs, Christianization with the Byzantines getting th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velikaš
Velikaš (, ) is the Serbo-Croatian word for 'magnate', derived from ('great, large, grand'). Another word is , which was commonly used for provincial lords (). It was used to refer to the highest nobility of Serbia in the Middle Ages and Croatia in the union with Hungary, Croatia in the Middle Ages while the highest nobility in Bosnia in the Middle Ages, Bosnia were called ''vlastelin'' (, lower status). It is the equivalent of boyar, used in Eastern Europe. Titles used by the higher nobility include ''vojvoda'' (general, duke), ''veliki župan'', etc. Serbian magnates Serbian Empire Magnates with Byzantine court titles * prince Simeon Uroš, Dušan's half-brother, duke of Epirus and Acarnania * Jovan Asen, Dušan's brother-in-law, governor in southern Albania * Jovan Oliver, Dušan's close associate, and governor in Ovče Pole and left Vardar * Dejan (magnate), Dejan, Dušan's brother-in-law, governor of Pčinja * Branko Mladenović, Branko, Dušan's relative, governor of O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovan Oliver
Jovan Oliver Grčinić (; ca. 1310–1356) was a magnate of the Serbian Emperor Dušan the Mighty (r. 1331–1355), holding the titles of ''sebastokrator'' and ''despotes'', and the rank of "great voivode", showing his prominence and status as one of the most important nobles of Dušan. Oliver supported Dušan in the succession war against his father, and was one of the supreme generals in the southern military expeditions (Macedonia, Thessaly). His province included Ovče Pole and the left bank of the Vardar. After the death of Emperor Dušan, there are no more mentions of Oliver. During the fall of the Serbian Empire, his lands were held by the Dejanovići. Life Jovan was the son a ''vlastelin'' Grčin (Грчин, "Greek") who had lands in some part of the Serbian Kingdom. Jovan is referred to in a Ragusan source as ''Oliver Grčinić'', and his knowledge of Greek lends support to the notion of a Greek origin. He ruled his domain, in modern-day North Macedonia, as a semi-i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospodar
''Gospodar'' or ''hospodar'', also ''gospodin'' as a diminutive, is a term of Slavic origin, meaning "lord" or "master". The compound (, , , sh-Latn-Cyrl, gospodar, господар, ) is a derivative of ''gospod'' / ''gospodin'', , or when spelled with a capital G (''Gospod'' / ''Gospodin'') it translates as Lord for God. Etymology The etymology of the word can be traced back to the connotation of the Indo-European patron-client and guest-host relationship. Patron-client Rich patrons sponsored feasts as a way for them to promote and secure a political hierarchy built on the unequal mobilization of labor and resources, by displaying their generosity towards the rest of the community. Rivals competed publicly through the size and complexity of their feasts, and alliances were confirmed by gift-giving and promises made during those public gatherings. The host of the feast was called the *''ghosti-potis'', the 'lord of the guests', who honored the immortal gods and his mortal gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamberlain (office)
A chamberlain (Medieval Latin: ''cambellanus'' or ''cambrerius'', with charge of treasury ''camerarius'') is a senior royal official in charge of managing a royal household. Historically, the chamberlain superintends the arrangement of domestic affairs and was often also charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber. The position was usually awarded as an honour to a high-ranking member of the nobility (nobleman) or the clergy, often a favourite, royal favourite. Roman emperors appointed this officer under the title of ''cubicularius''. The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church enjoys very extensive powers, having the revenues of the papal household under his charge. As a sign of their dignity, chamberlains bore a key, which in the seventeenth century was often silvered, and actually fitted the door-locks of chamber rooms. Since the eighteenth century, it has turned into a merely symbolic, albeit splendid, Order of prece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kephale (Byzantine Empire)
In the late Byzantine Empire, the term ''kephale'' () was used to denote local and provincial governors. It entered use in the second half of the 13th century, and was derived from the colloquial language. Consequently, it never became an established title or rank of the Byzantine imperial hierarchy, but remained a descriptive term.. In essence, the ''kephalē'' replaced the Komnenian-era '' doux'' as the civil and military governor of a territorial administrative unit, known as a ''katepanikion'' (κατεπανίκιον, ''katepaníkion''),Not to be confused with the very different katepanates of the 10th-11th centuries. but also termed a ''kephalatikion'' (κεφαλατίκιον, ''kephalatíkion''). In size, these provinces were small compared to the earlier '' themata'', and could range from a few villages surrounding the ''kephales seat (a ''kastron'', "fortress"), to an entire island. This arrangement was also adopted by the Second Bulgarian Empire (as , ''kefaliya'') an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knez (title)
A , also , ''knjaz'' or (), is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times. It is usually translated into English as 'prince', 'king' or 'duke', depending on specific historical context and the potentially known Latin equivalents at the time; the word was originally derived from the common Germanic ('king'). Feminine forms of the word may be divided into two groups: * "Princess", be it princess consort (wife of a reigning prince), princess regnant (reigning princess ''suo jure''), or princess regent (reigning on behalf of an underage prince, usually her son after her husband's death) ** Belarusian: ''kniahinia'' (княгіня) ** Bulgarian and Russian: () ** Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, and Macedonian: (in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic: ) ** Ukrainian: (княгиня) * "Daughter of the prince" ** Belarusian: ''kniazioŭna'' (князёўна) ** Russian: (; the son of a ''knyaz'' is ' ( in its old form). ** Ukrain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velikaš
Velikaš (, ) is the Serbo-Croatian word for 'magnate', derived from ('great, large, grand'). Another word is , which was commonly used for provincial lords (). It was used to refer to the highest nobility of Serbia in the Middle Ages and Croatia in the union with Hungary, Croatia in the Middle Ages while the highest nobility in Bosnia in the Middle Ages, Bosnia were called ''vlastelin'' (, lower status). It is the equivalent of boyar, used in Eastern Europe. Titles used by the higher nobility include ''vojvoda'' (general, duke), ''veliki župan'', etc. Serbian magnates Serbian Empire Magnates with Byzantine court titles * prince Simeon Uroš, Dušan's half-brother, duke of Epirus and Acarnania * Jovan Asen, Dušan's brother-in-law, governor in southern Albania * Jovan Oliver, Dušan's close associate, and governor in Ovče Pole and left Vardar * Dejan (magnate), Dejan, Dušan's brother-in-law, governor of Pčinja * Branko Mladenović, Branko, Dušan's relative, governor of O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. French Revolutionary system Arab system Other variations Other nomenclatures for general officers include the titles and ranks: * Adjutant general * Commandant-General, Commandant-general * Inspector general * General-in-chief * General of the Air Force (USAF only) * General of the Armies, General of the Armies of the United States (of America), a title created for General John J. Pershing, and subsequently grante ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altoman Vojinović
Altoman Vojinović (; 1335–59) was a Serbian magnate ('' velikaš'') who served Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55) as ''župan'' ("count") and Emperor Uroš V (r. 1355–71) as '' veliki župan'' ("grand count"). His father Vojin was a general (''vojvoda'') with the title of ''knez'', while his younger brother Vojislav also had the title of ''knez''. Life Altoman was the middle son of Vojin, a general that served King Stefan Dečanski and King Stefan Dušan and held the title of ''knez'' of Hum. Vojin was one of the more powerful nobles of King Stefan Dečanski, while his sons, Miloš, Altoman and Vojislav, were in Young King Dušan's circle. With the conflict between the King and his son, however, Vojin and other noblemen joined the Young King (1330–31). Vojin's support of Dušan further elevated the Vojinović family. In 1333, King Dušan sent the eldest son, Miloš, to Ragusa as part of the negotiation team. After the death of Vojin, his sons divided their father' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
