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Serbian Nobility
Serbian nobility () refers to the historical privileged order or class (aristocracy) of Serbia, that is, the medieval Serbian states, and after the Ottoman conquests of Serbian lands in the 15th and 16th centuries, Serbian noble families of the Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Venice, and the Habsburg monarchy. Some Serbian families were also ennobled in Russian Empire. With the independence of Serbia in the 19th century, a new aristocracy (which however differs from the notion of nobility) arose. Middle Ages In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The nobility () were roughly grouped into magnates ('' velikaši'' or velmože) and the lesser nobility (''vlasteličići''). Serbia followed the Byzantine model. Early Modern period After the Ottoman conquest in the 15th and 16th centuries, large migrations of Serbs followed into the Pannonian Plain. The community in the Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (''from Greek'' ''ἀριστοκρατία'' ''aristokratía'', "rule of the best"; ''Latin: aristocratia'') is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy. History In some, such as ancient Greece, ancient Rome, or India, aristocratic status came from belonging to a military class. It has also been common, notably in African and Oriental societies, for aristocrats to belong to priestly dynasties. Aristocratic status can involve feudal or legal privileges. Plato’s '' Symposium'' offers a glimpse into the intellectual and cultural life of aristocracy in ancient Athens. The dialogue takes place at a banquet attended by prominent Athenian aristocrats, illustrating how the elite not only wielded political and military power but also shaped philosophic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Hajduks
The Serbian hajduks ( / ''hajduci'') were brigands (bandits) and guerrilla freedom fighters (rebels) throughout Ottoman-held Balkans, mainly in Serbia, organized into bands headed by a '' harambaša'' ("bandit leader"), who descended from the mountains and forests and robbed and attacked the Ottomans. They were often aided by foreign powers, such as the Republic of Venice and Habsburg monarchy, during greater conflicts. The hajduks are seen as part of the Serbian national identity. In stories, the hajduks were described as heroes; they had played the role of the Serbian elite during Ottoman rule, they had defended the Serbs against Ottoman oppression, and prepared for the national liberation and contributed to it in the Serbian Revolution. The Chetniks also saw themselves as hajduks, freedom fighters. The hajduk movement is known as hajdučija (хајдучија) or hajdukovanje (хајдуковање). Ranks included '' buljubaša'' and '' harambaša'', adopted from the Ottom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Nobility
Serbian nobility () refers to the historical privileged order or class (aristocracy) of Serbia, that is, the medieval Serbian states, and after the Ottoman conquests of Serbian lands in the 15th and 16th centuries, Serbian noble families of the Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Venice, and the Habsburg monarchy. Some Serbian families were also ennobled in Russian Empire. With the independence of Serbia in the 19th century, a new aristocracy (which however differs from the notion of nobility) arose. Middle Ages In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The nobility () were roughly grouped into magnates ('' velikaši'' or velmože) and the lesser nobility (''vlasteličići''). Serbia followed the Byzantine model. Early Modern period After the Ottoman conquest in the 15th and 16th centuries, large migrations of Serbs followed into the Pannonian Plain. The community in the Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Nobility
The Russian nobility or ''dvoryanstvo'' () arose in the Middle Ages. In 1914, it consisted of approximately 1,900,000 members, out of a total population of 138,200,000. Up until the February Revolution of 1917, the Russian noble estates staffed most of the Russian government and possessed a self-governing body, the Assembly of the Nobility. The Russian language, Russian word for nobility, ''dvoryanstvo'' derives from Slavonic ''dvor'' (двор), meaning the noble court, court of a prince or duke (''knyaz''), and later, of the tsar or emperor. Here, ''dvor'' originally referred to servants at the estate of an aristocrat. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the system of hierarchy was a system of seniority known as ''mestnichestvo''. The word ''dvoryane'' described the highest rank of gentry, who performed duties at the royal court, lived in it (''Moskovskie zhiltsy'', "Moscow dwellers"), or were candidates to it, as for many boyar scions (''dvorovye deti boyarskie'', ''v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Count
Imperial Count (, ) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire. During the medieval era, it was used exclusively to designate the holder of an imperial county, that is, a fief held directly ( immediately) from the emperor, rather than from a prince who was a vassal of the emperor or of another sovereign, such as a duke or prince-elector. These imperial counts sat on one of the four "benches" of ''Counts'', whereat each exercised a fractional vote in the Imperial Diet until 1806. Imperial counts rank above counts elevated by lesser sovereigns. In the post–Middle Ages era, anyone granted the title of ''Count'' by the emperor in his specific capacity as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (rather than, e.g. as ruler of Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Spanish Netherlands, etc.) became, ''ipso facto'', an "Imperial Count" (''Reichsgraf''), whether he reigned over an immediate county or not. Origins In the Merovingian and Franconian Empire, a ''Graf'' ("Count") was an official who exerci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semyon Zorich
Count Semyon Zorich (1743–1799) was an Imperial Russian lieutenant-general and count of the Holy Roman Empire, born in Serbia, who served Imperial Russia against the Prussians and Turks. A member of the Russian court, he was presented to Empress Catherine the Great by Grigory Potemkin and, after having been tested by Praskovja Bruce and doctor Rogerson, became the Empress' lover. He was most influential in the commercial development of Shklov and Mogilev Mogilev (; , ), also transliterated as Mahilyow (, ), is a city in eastern Belarus. It is located on the Dnieper, Dnieper River, about from the Belarus–Russia border, border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from Bryansk Oblast. As of 2024, .... References Further reading * Marie Tetzlaff (In Swedish) : ''Katarina den Stora'' (Catherine the Great) (1997) 1743 births 1799 deaths People from Žabalj Habsburg Serbs Emigrants from the Habsburg monarchy to the Russian Empire People from the Russian Empire of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Miloradovich
Count Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich (, , ; – ), spelled Miloradovitch in contemporary English sources, was a Russian general prominent during the Napoleonic Wars. On his father’s side, Miloradovich descended from the Serb noble family and the Katun (commune), katun clan of Miloradović noble family, Miloradović from Hum, later part of Sanjak of Herzegovina, in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. He entered military service on the eve of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 and his career advanced rapidly during the reign (1796-1801) of Emperor Paul I of Russia, Paul I. He served under Alexander Suvorov during French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1799, Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799. Miloradovich was, along with Pyotr Bagration, a brilliant pupil of Suvorov, and became one of the outstanding figures in the military history of Russia. Miloradovich served in wars against France and the Ottoman Empire, earning distinction in the Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgi Emmanuel
Count Georgi Arsenyevich Emmanuel () (13 April 1775–26 January 1837) was a Russian general of Serbian origin who participated in the Napoleonic Wars. He was promoted to major general on 26 December 1812 and after the end of the battle of Paris to general on 27 March 1814. After returning to Russia, he was put in command of the 4th Dragoon Division. On 25 June 1825, he became the supreme commander and governor of the Caucasus. He was promoted to general of the cavalry in July 1828, during the Russo-Turkish War (1828-29). In 1829, he organised and led the first Russian scientific expedition to Mount Elbrus, for which he was made a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. See also * Peter Ivanovich Ivelich * Andrei Miloradovich * Avram Ratkov * Jovan Horvat * Nikolay Depreradovich * Rajko Depreradović * Jovan Šević * Jovan Albanez * Ivan Adamovich * Ilya Duka * Simeon Končarević * Pavle Julinac * Simeon Piščević * Mikhail Miloradovich * Semyon Zorich * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Ivanovich Ivelich
Count Peter Ivanovich Ivelich or Peter Ivelich IV (Russian: Пётр Ивелич, also known as Pyotr Ivanovich Ivelich IV; 1772 - after 1851) was a Serb Montenegrin who ranks among the most important Russian generals who fought during the Napoleonic invasion of Russia. His portrait was added to the Military Gallery of the Winter Palace along with other participants in the Patriotic War of 1812. His uncles are count Marko Ivelich (Ivelich I), major-general Ivan Konstantinovich Ivelich (Ivan Ivelich III) and colonel Simeon Konstantinovich Ivelich (Simeon Ivelich II). Biography Ivelich was born to a Serbian family in Risan in the Venetian Republic (now Montenegro) in 1772. He was the nephew of Count Marko Ivelich. As a captain in the army of the Venetian Republic, he transferred to the Imperial Russian military service on 15 June 1788 as a lieutenant in the Nasheburg Infantry Regiment. In three months he was promoted to captain on 9 September 1788 for recruiting 186 Slav volunt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marko Ivelich
Count Marko Konstantinovich Ivelić (also spelled Ivelich; 1740–1825) was a Montenegrin born Russian general who rose to prominence in Russian military service during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Prince-Bishop Petar I Petrović-Njegoš of Montenegro. He became a Russian general and count. In 1811, he was a diplomatic emissary to Revolutionary Serbia. Family An old Risan family, the first Ivelich, according to some sources, settled in there at the time of the Nemanjić dynasty. Marko Ivelich had two brothers: Ivan, who was a major general in the Imperial Russian army, stationed at Vladikavkaz Garrison Regiment from 1805 to 1810, before he retired; and Semyon, also a high-ranking military officer. His nephew Peter Ivelich fought in the Battle of Borodino and many other battles against Napoleonic France. The Ivelich family produced four high-ranking military officers in the Imperial Russian Army. Military career Ivelich's education and military career began in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode
Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Poles, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Balkan, Russian people and other Slavic-speaking populations. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ''voivode'' was interchangeably used with '' palatine''. In the Tsardom of Russia, a voivode was a military governor. Among the Danube principalities, ''voivode'' was considered a princely title. Etymology The term ''voivode'' comes from two roots. , means "war, fight," while , means "leading", thus in Old Slavic together meaning "war leader" or "warlord". The Latin translation is for the principal commander of a military force, serving as a deputy for the monarch. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Serbian Uprising
The First Serbian Uprising (; sr-Cyrl, Први српски устанак; ) was an uprising of Serbs in Orašac (Aranđelovac), Orašac against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 1804 to 7 October 1813. The uprising began as a local revolt against the Dahije, renegade janissary officers who had seized power in a coup d'état against the Ottoman sultan. It later evolved into a Wars of national liberation, war for independence, known as the Serbian Revolution, after more than three centuries of Ottoman Empire rule and brief Austrian occupations. In 1801, the Janissary commanders assassinated the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Pasha and took control of the Pashalik of Belgrade, ruling it independently of the Ottoman Sultan. This led to a period of tyranny, during which the Janissaries suspended the rights previously granted to the Serbs by the Sultan. They also raised taxes, imposed forced labor, forced labour, and made other changes that negatively affected the Serbs. In 1804, the Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
