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Sepulca Mirabilis
''Sepulca'' is an extinct genus of stem sawflies in the family Sepulcidae. The genus ''Sepulca'' was identified by Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. It was named by his colleague and a science-fiction author Kirill Eskov after fictional entities called ''sepulki'', found in Stanisław Lem's ''The Star Diaries'' and ''Observation on the Spot''. The relation to Lem's ''sepulki'' is understandable in both Polish and Russian, but their English translation obscures their association with ancient insects as they are translated as ''Scrupts'' in English editions of Lem's novels. ''Sepulca'' includes two species, as well as a number of subspecies. Rasnitsyn A.P. Sepulcidae and origin of Cephidae (Hymenoptera: Cephoidea). In: Tobias V.I. (ed.). ''Taxonomy of insects and mites.'' Trans. All-Union Entomol. Soc. Nauka Press, Moscow. 1988. 70: 480-497 Species These two species belong to the genus ''Sepulca'': * † '' Sepulca mirabilis'' Rasnitsyn, 1968 * † ''Sepulca mongolica ''Sepulca'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepulcidae
Sepulcidae is an extinct family of stem sawflies in the order Hymenoptera. The family is known primarily from late Mesozoic fossils found in 1968 in Transbaikalia. The insects were distant relatives of modern sawflies and are part of the living superfamily Cephoidea. The genus ''Sepulca'' was identified by Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. It was named by his colleague and a science-fiction author Kirill Eskov after fictional entities called ''sepulki'', found in Stanisław Lem's '' The Star Diaries'' and ''Observation on the Spot''. The relation to Lem's ''sepulki'' is understandable in both Polish and Russian, but their English translation obscures their association with ancient insects as they are translated as ''Scrupts'' in English editions of Lem's novels. Genera These 17 genera belong to the family Sepulcidae: * Subfamily Sepulcinae Rasnitsyn, 1968 ** † ''Sepulca'' Rasnitsyn, 1968 ** † ''Sepulenia'' Rasnitsyn, 1968 * Subfamily Parapamphiliinae Rasnitsyn, 1968 ** � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn
Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn (Russian: Александр Павлович Расницын) is a Russian entomologist, expert in palaeoentomology, and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (2001). His scientific interests are centered on the palaeontology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of hymenopteran insects and insects in general. He has also studied broader biological problems such as evolutionary theory, the principles of phylogenetics, taxonomy, nomenclature, and palaeoecology. He has published over 300 articles and books in several languages. In August 2008 he was awarded the Distinguished Research Medal of the International Society of Hymenopterists. Biography Alexandr Rasnitsyn was born on 24 September 1936 in Moscow. As a schoolboy Alex was active in the Society of Young Biologists at the Moscow Zoo. In 1955 he became a student at the Biological Faculty of the Moscow State University and in 1960 he graduated with honors from the Department of Entomology. His Maste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirill Eskov
Kirill Yuryevich Eskov (russian: Кири́лл Ю́рьевич Есько́в; born 16 September 1956) is a Russian writer, biologist and paleontologist. As an author he is known for ''The Gospel of Afranius'' in which he presents an atheistic interpretation of the events of the Gospel, and ''The Last Ringbearer'' in which he retells J. R. R. Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'' from a Mordorian point of view. Career In biology Eskov graduated from the Department of Biology of Moscow State University in 1979. In 1986 he defended a dissertation for the Candidate of Biological Sciences at the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Animal Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the theme being "Spiders of Northern Siberia (horology analysis)". His main scientific interests as a biologist focus on the spiders of Siberia and the Russian Far East and, as a paleontologist, on the Paleozoic and Cenozoic eras. he is the Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Arthrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepulki
Sepulkas, also renditioned as sepulcas, and called scrupts in English translation,"Scrupts" at the FAQ page of Lem's official website are unclearly defined fictional objects found in works of Polish writer , '''' and ''''. A fictional encyclopedia lists them as " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Lem
Stanisław Herman Lem (; 12 September 1921 – 27 March 2006) was a Polish writer of science fiction and essays on various subjects, including philosophy, futurology, and literary criticism. Many of his science fiction stories are of satirical and humorous character. Lem's books have been translated into more than 50 languages and have sold more than 45 million copies. Worldwide, he is best known as the author of the 1961 novel '' Solaris''. In 1976 Theodore Sturgeon wrote that Lem was the most widely read science fiction writer in the world. Lem is the author of the fundamental philosophical work "Summa Technologiae", in which he anticipated the creation of virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and also developed the ideas of human autoevolution, the creation of artificial worlds, and many others. Lem's science fiction works explore philosophical themes through speculations on technology, the nature of intelligence, the impossibility of communication with and unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Star Diaries
, image = File:TheStarDiaries.jpg , caption = First edition , author = Stanisław Lem , translator = ''English:'' Michael Kandel , illustrator = Stanisław Lem , cover_artist = Marian Stachurski , country = Poland , language = Polish, English, German, Russian , series = , genre = Science fiction, satire, philosophical fiction , publisher = Iskry (1957) , release_date = 1957, 1971 , english_pub_date = 1976 , media_type = Print (paperback) , pages = , isbn = ''The Star Diaries'' is a series of short stories of the adventures of space traveller Ijon Tichy, of satirical nature, by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. The first ones were published in a 1954 collection and first published as a separate book in 1957 titled ''Dzienniki gwiazdowe'', expanded in 1971. Closely related to this series is the series ''Ze wspomnień Ijona Tichego'' 'From the Memoirs of Ijon Tichy'' Usually these stories, and several others, are considered to be the same cycle of the adventures of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observation On The Spot
''Observation on the Spot'' (Polish ''Wizja lokalna'', with the common meaning of the expression being crime scene reconstruction) is a social science fiction novel by Stanisław Lem. The novel is a report of Ijon Tichy's travel to a faraway planet Entia (in Polish text: Encja) to study their civilization. This report was supposed to fix a misunderstanding arisen from Tichy's Fourteenth Voyage to supposedly Entia (then known as Enteropia), which turned out to be a satellite of Entia, masqueraded by Entians to misguide explorers. The travel was also to verify the results of the "Institute of Historiographical Computers" (Polish: Instytut Maszyn Dziejowych), which use predictive modeling to overcome the speed of light limitation and get information about the state of the affairs on remote planets based on information obtained from previous expeditions. Major themes of the book are: the problems of the society of abundance based entirely on automated production where individuals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepulca Mirabilis
''Sepulca'' is an extinct genus of stem sawflies in the family Sepulcidae. The genus ''Sepulca'' was identified by Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. It was named by his colleague and a science-fiction author Kirill Eskov after fictional entities called ''sepulki'', found in Stanisław Lem's ''The Star Diaries'' and ''Observation on the Spot''. The relation to Lem's ''sepulki'' is understandable in both Polish and Russian, but their English translation obscures their association with ancient insects as they are translated as ''Scrupts'' in English editions of Lem's novels. ''Sepulca'' includes two species, as well as a number of subspecies. Rasnitsyn A.P. Sepulcidae and origin of Cephidae (Hymenoptera: Cephoidea). In: Tobias V.I. (ed.). ''Taxonomy of insects and mites.'' Trans. All-Union Entomol. Soc. Nauka Press, Moscow. 1988. 70: 480-497 Species These two species belong to the genus ''Sepulca'': * † '' Sepulca mirabilis'' Rasnitsyn, 1968 * † ''Sepulca mongolica ''Sepulca'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawflies
Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay their eggs. The name is associated especially with the Tenthredinoidea, by far the largest superfamily in the suborder, with about 7,000 known species; in the entire suborder, there are 8,000 described species in more than 800 genera. Symphyta is paraphyletic, consisting of several basal groups within the order Hymenoptera, each one rooted inside the previous group, ending with the Apocrita which are not sawflies. The primary distinction between sawflies and the Apocrita – the ants, bees, and wasps – is that the adults lack a "wasp waist", and instead have a broad connection between the abdomen and the thorax. Some sawflies are Batesian mimics of wasps and bees, and the ovipositor can be mistaken for a stinger. Sawflies vary in le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Insect Genera
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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