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September Six
The September Six were six members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) who were Excommunication#The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, excommunicated or disfellowshipped by the church in September 1993, allegedly for publishing scholarly work against or criticizing church doctrine or leadership. The term "September Six" was coined by ''The Salt Lake Tribune'' and was used in the mass media, media and subsequent discussion. The church's action was referred to by some as evidence of an anti-intellectualism, anti-intellectual posture on the part of church leadership. Six Individuals Lynne Kanavel Whitesides Lynne Kanavel Whitesides is a Mormon feminism, Mormon feminist and is noted for speaking on the Heavenly Mother (Latter Day Saints), Mother in Heaven. Whitesides was the first of the group to experience church discipline and was disfellowshipped September 14, 1993. Though technically still a member, Whitesides claims that she "exploded" ou ...
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The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, denomination and the largest List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement, denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement. Founded during the Second Great Awakening, the church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations and built Temple (LDS Church), temples worldwide. According to the church, , it has over 17.5 million The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints membership statistics, members, of which Membership statistics of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (United States), over 6.8 million live in the U.S. The church also reports over 109,000 Missionary (LDS Church), volunteer missionaries and 202 dedicated List of temples of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, temples. Th ...
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Membership Council
In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), a church membership council (formerly called a disciplinary council) is an ecclesiastical event during which a church member's status is considered, typically for alleged violations of church standards. If a church member is found to have committed an offense by a membership council, they may have their name removed from church records, or their church membership may be otherwise restricted. Church membership councils are at times referred to unofficially as church courts. Purposes According to the church's '' General Handbook'', the purposes of church membership councils are to:LDS Church, '' General Handbook''§32 #Help protect others; #Help a person access the redeeming power of Jesus Christ through repentance; and #Protect the integrity of the church. Structure and procedures Ward church membership council A church membership council may convened by the bishop of a local ward (congregation). In such an insta ...
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A Journal Of Mormon Thought
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey and single-storey . The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English, '' a'' is the indefinite article, with the alternative form ''an''. Name In English, the name of the letter is the ''long A'' sound, pronounced . Its name in most other languages matches the letter's pronunciation in open syllables. History The earliest known ancestor of A is ''aleph''—the first letter of the Phoenician ...
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1890 Manifesto
The 1890 Manifesto (also known as the Woodruff Manifesto, the Anti-polygamy Manifesto, or simply "the Manifesto") is a statement which officially advised against any future plural marriage in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Issued by Church President Wilford Woodruff in September 1890, the Manifesto was a response to mounting anti-polygamy pressure from the United States Congress, which by 1890 had disincorporated the church, escheated its assets to the U.S. federal government, and imprisoned many prominent polygamist Mormons. Upon its issuance, the LDS Church in conference accepted Woodruff's Manifesto as "authoritative and binding." The Manifesto was a dramatic turning point in the history of the LDS Church. It advised church members against entering into any marriage prohibited by the law of the land, and made it easier for Utah to become a U.S. state. Nevertheless, even after the Manifesto, the church quietly continued to perform a small ...
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Plural Marriage
Polygamy (called plural marriage by Latter-day Saints in the 19th century or the Principle by modern fundamentalist practitioners of polygamy) was practiced by leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) for more than half of the 19th century, and practiced publicly from 1852 to 1890 by between 20 and 30 percent of Latter-day Saint families. Polygamy among Latter-day Saints has been controversial, both in Western society and within the LDS Church itself. Many U.S. politicians were strongly opposed to the practice; the Republican platform even referred to polygamy and slavery as "the twin relics of barbarism." Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter-day Saint movement, first introduced polygamy privately in the 1830s. Later, in 1852, Orson Pratt, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, publicly announced and defended the practice at the request of then-church president Brigham Young. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, the LDS C ...
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Journal Of Mormon History
The Mormon History Association (MHA) is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to the study and understanding of all aspects of Mormon history to promote understanding, scholarly research, and publication in the field. MHA was founded in December 1965 at the American Historical Association (AHA) meeting in San Francisco, California, San Francisco under the leadership of Latter-day Saint and list of historians, historian Leonard J. Arrington. In 1972, MHA became an independent organization with its own annual conferences and publications. ''The Journal of Mormon History'', the official biennial publication of the association, began publication in 1974. MHA also publishes the quarterly ''Mormon History Newsletter'' and is an affiliate of both AHA and the Western History Association. MHA "welcome[s] all who are interested in the Mormon past, irrespective of religious affiliation, academic training, or world location." It is not formally affiliated with the LDS Church. Its me ...
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Ensign (LDS Magazine)
''The Ensign of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'', commonly shortened to ''Ensign'' ( ), was an official periodical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a Nontrinitarianism, nontrinitarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, denomination and the ... (LDS Church) from 1971 to 2020. The magazine was first issued in January 1971, along with the correlated '' New Era'' (for youth) and the '' Friend'' (for children). Each of these magazines replaced the older church publications '' The Improvement Era'', '' Relief Society Magazine'', '' The Instructor'', and the '' Millennial Star''. Unlike some of its predecessors, the ''Ensign'' contained no advertisements. As an official church publication, the ''Ensign'' contained faith-promoting and proselytizing information, stories, sermons, and writings of ...
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Lucy Mack Smith
Lucy Mack Smith (July 8, 1775 – May 14, 1856) was the mother of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. She is noted for writing the memoir, ''History of Joseph Smith by His Mother, Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations'' and was an important leader of the movement during Joseph's life. Background and early life Lucy Mack was born on July 8, 1775, in Gilsum, New Hampshire, during an era of political, economic, and social change with shifting responsibilities within American families. The American Revolutionary War accelerated that shift, which was primarily driven by economics. Growth of the market economy during the early republic period changed the nature of labor outside the home, as well as labor within it. Shifting from primarily agriculture to greater commercialism led paid laborers further from home, which also caused virtually all unpaid domestic labor to take on what had been shared work previousl ...
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Lucy's Book
''History of Joseph Smith by His Mother'' is a biography of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, according to his mother, Lucy Mack Smith. It was originally titled ''Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations'' and was published by Orson Pratt in Liverpool in 1853. Background Shortly following the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, and into 1845, Lucy Mack Smith dictated her recollections and family story to Nauvoo schoolteacher Martha Jane Coray. Coray worked with her husband to compile these books of notes and other sources into a manuscript, which was then copied. One copy was given to apostle Brigham Young, and the other stayed with Lucy Smith in Nauvoo. Eventually, apostle Orson Pratt obtained Lucy's copy and published it in 1853, to great controversy. Brigham Young's opposition After its publication, Brigham Young declared the book to be a "tissue of lies" and wanted corrections made. In the ''Millennial S ...
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Lavina Fielding Anderson
Lavina Fielding Anderson (13 April 1944 – 29 October 2023) was a Latter-day Saint scholar, writer, editor, and feminist. Anderson held a PhD in English from the University of Washington. Anderson was one of the original trustees of the Mormon Alliance, founded in 1992 to document allegations of spiritual and ecclesiastical abuse in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). In 1993, Anderson published a chronology documenting over 100 cases of what she regarded as spiritual abuse by LDS Church leaders during the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s. This article became grounds for her excommunication on charges of apostasy in September 1993, as one of the September Six. Anderson remained as active in the LDS Church as her excommunicant status allowed; in 1996, she was described by Levi S. Peterson as exemplary of an emerging "church in exile" composed of faithful excommunicants. In the late 1990s, she published three volumes of ''Case Reports of the Mormon Allia ...
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Rebaptism
Rebaptism in Christianity is the baptism of a person who has previously been baptized, usually in association with a denomination that does not recognize the validity of the previous baptism. When a denomination rebaptizes members of another denomination, it is a sign of significant differences in theology. Churches that practice exclusive believer's baptism, including Baptists and Churches of Christ, rebaptize those who were baptized as infants because they do not consider infant baptism to be valid. However, churches from such denominations deny that they rebaptize because they do not recognize infant baptism as baptism at all. Rebaptism is generally associated with: * Anabaptism, from Greek ''ἀνα-'' (re-) and ''βαπτίζω'' (I baptize) * Denominations that require believer's baptism, such as the Baptist churches * Mormonism * Oneness Pentecostal churches Catholic Church The Catholic Church holds that rebaptism is not possible:1272. Incorporated into Christ by Bapt ...
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Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith Jr. (December 23, 1805June 27, 1844) was an American religious and political leader and the founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. Publishing the Book of Mormon at the age of 24, Smith attracted tens of thousands of followers by the time of his death fourteen years later. The religious movement he founded is followed by millions of global adherents and several churches, the largest of which is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Born in Sharon, Vermont, Smith moved with his family to Western New York, following Year Without a Summer, a series of crop failures in 1816. Living in an area of intense religious revivalism during the Second Great Awakening, Smith reported experiencing a series of visions. The First Vision, first of these was in 1820, when he saw "two personages" (whom he eventually described as God the Father and Jesus Christ). In 1823, he said he was visited by Angel Moroni, an angel who directed him to a ...
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