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Sengunthar
Sengunthar (), also known as the Kaikolar and Senguntha Mudaliar is a caste commonly found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and the neighboring country Sri Lanka. In Andhra Pradesh, they are known as Kaikalas, Kaikala or Karikala Bhaktulu, who consider the early Chola emperor Karikala, Karikala Chola as their hero. They were warriors of Cholas and traditionally textile merchants and silk Weaving, weavers by occupation They were part of the Chola military, Chola army as Kaikola regiment and were dominant during the rule of Imperial Cholas, holding commander and minister positions in the court.Martial races of undivided India by Vidya Prakash Tyagi 2009 Page 278 https://www.google.com/books?id=vRwS6FmS2g0C Ottakoothar, 12th century court poet and rajaguru of Cholas under Vikrama Chola, Kulothunga II, Kulothunga Chola II, Rajaraja II, Raja Raja Chola II reign belong to this community. They were a part of the Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavolu, Ayyavolu 500 merchant gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sengunthars
This is a list of notable people of the Sengunthar or Kaikkolar . The Warriors and Textile merchants , Weaving, Weavers found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry (city), Pondicherry and in Sri Lanka. Historical Personalities and Chieftains *Veerabaahu: commander-in-chief of Lord Murugan's army. *Srikalahasteeswara temple, Srikalahasti Gnana Prasunambika Devi: The deity of Srikalahasteeswara temple. *Ottakoothar 12th century court poet and minister of Cholas under Vikrama Chola, Kulothunga II, Kulothunga Chola II, Rajaraja II, Raja Raja Chola II reign. He is known as Kavichakravarthy. *Paranjothi: popularly known as Sirruthondar was an army general of the great Pallava king Narasimhavarman I who ruled South India from 630 to 668 CE. He also led the Pallava army during the Battle of Vatapi, invasion of Vatapi in 642 CE. *Kaikolar Andar Magan Pokkaran Pandiyatharaiyan: was a prominent chieftain in the region of Thiruchanur near Tirupati during the 13th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mudaliar
Mudaliar (alternatively spelled: Muthaliar, Mudali, Muthali) is a Tamil title and surname. As title, it was historically given to high-ranking officers, administrators and their descendants during the rule of Imperial Cholas. The surname is most prevalent among Tamils from Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. Descendants of Tamil migrants also bears variants of the name in countries such as South Africa, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere in the Tamil diaspora. The title is usually borne by the communities like the Kondaikatti Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Senguntha Kaikolar for serving as minsters, military commanders and soldiers in Chola Empire. Etymology The title is derived from the Tamil word ''muthal'' or "muthar" meaning ''first'' with the suffix ''yaar'' denoting ''people''. The title Mudaliar means a person of first rank. The title is used in the same sense as simply meaning ''headman'' or ''chieftain''. History The term "Mudali" (or "Mudaliar") is an honorific hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottakoothar
Ottakoothar (c. 12th century CE) was a Tamil people, Tamil court poet and minister to three Later Cholas, Later Chola kings, namely Vikrama Chola, Kulothunga Chola II, Kulotunga II and Rajaraja Chola II, Rajaraja II. He wrote poems in praise of these three kings. The poet's memorial is believed to be still in a place known as Darasuram in Kumbakonam, just opposite the famous Airavatesvara Temple. According to legend, the Saraswati, goddess Saraswati blessed him in Koothanur, then he became a famous poet. Family According to a legend, there was once a Chola king called Muchukundan who had his capital at Karur. He is said to have won the favor of God Murugan after deep penances and the latter is said to have bestowed upon him his personal bodyguards to aid him in his wars. Muchukundan Chola then married Chitravalli, daughter of the warrior chief and Murugan's bodyguard called Virabahu and spawned a new line. The poet Ottakoothar is presented as the scion of the family of this Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virabahu
Virabahu (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: ) is a Hinduism, Hindu deity. He is considered to be the commander-in-chief of Kartikeya, Murugan's army. He is regarded in Tamil tradition to be one of the nine commanders (''Navaveerargal'') who were born to serve Murugan. Among the nine commanders, Virabahu is ranked the highest. He is worshipped mostly in Tamil Nadu. Legend According to the Skanda Purana, after the birth of Murugan, Shakti took her s''ilambu'' (anklet) nine shaktis were produced, and these were then transformed into the brothers of Murugan, called the ''Navaveeragal'' (lit. "nine warriors") in Tamil. When Murugan was sent to destroy Śūrapadmā, Surapadman, Virabahu and the other ''Navaveeragal'' followed him south, at the head of a huge army. At the Vindhyas, the army saw two of Surapadman's brothers - Krauncha, in the form of a mountain, and Tārakāsura, Tarakasura. Virabahu and his army attacked Tarakasura, but he laid a spell on them ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaikala
Kaikalas also known as Karikala Bhaktulu is a Telugu speaking Community. They were Warriors by ancient heritage and traditional Textile Merchants and Weavers, by occupation. Kaikalas live in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. They are also known as Karikala Bhaktulu, Kaikala, Kaikkolar, Sengundar.' In Tamilnadu, they are known as Senguntha Kaikola Mudaliar, one of the dominant communities during the rule of Imperial Cholas''. During the rule of Chola dynasty, they formed major portion of the Chola army and served as soldiers, commanders, chieftains and ministers to Chola emperors. They consider the Chola emperor Karikala Choludu as their hero who is said to have conquered Andhra region around 3rd century CE.'' After the fall of Chola empire, the community adopted textile businesses and Weaving as full time profession. The community is divided into sects based on Sampradaya as Shaivas and Vaishnavas. While the Shaivas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karikala
Karikala (), often referred to as Karikala the Great, was a Tamil Emperor of the Early Cholas of the Chola dynasty who ruled ancient Tamilakam (Modern day Tamil Nadu in Southern India) from Uraiyur. He is credited with the construction of the flood banks of the river Kaveri and conquest of Tamilakam, Andhra and Sri Lanka. He is recognised as the greatest of the Early Cholas. In Thiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra Chola I, Medieval Tamil Cholas listed Karikala Chola as one of their ancestors. Several Telugu dynasties also claimed descendant from Karikala. Sources The story of Karikala is mixed with legend and anecdotal information gleaned from Sangam literature. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is not easy to determine with any measure of certainty. '' Paṭṭiṉappālai'', '' Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai'' and a number of individual poems in the ''Akanaṉūṟu'' and ''Purananuru'' have been the main source for the information that is attributed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puducherry (city)
Pondicherry, officially known as Puducherry, is the capital and most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal to the east and the state of Tamil Nadu, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language. History Puducherry, formerly known as Pondicherry, gained its significance as "the French Riviera of the East" after the advent of French colonialisation in India. Puducherry is the Tamil interpretation of "new town" and mainly derives from "Poduke", the name of the marketplace or "port town" for Roman trade in the 1st century, as mentioned in the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea''. The settlement was once an abode of learned scholars versed in the Vedas, hence it was also known as Vedapuri. The history of Puducherry can broadly be classified into two periods: pre-colonial and colonial. The pre-colonial period started with the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in goods produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Merchants have been known for as long as humans have engaged in trade and commerce. Merchants and merchant networks operated in ancient Babylonia, Assyria, China, Egypt, Greece, India, Persia, Phoenicia and Rome. During the European medieval period, a rapid expansion in trade and commerce led to the rise of a wealthy and powerful merchant class. The European Age of Discovery opened up new trading routes and gave European consumers access to a much broader range of goods. By the 18th century, a new type of manufacturer-merchant had started to emerge and modern business practices were becoming evident. The status of the merchant has varied during different periods of history and among different societies. In modern times, the term ''merchant'' has occasionally been used to refer to a businessperson or someone undertaking activities (commercial or industrial) for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Hundred Lords Of Ayyavolu
The Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavole were a merchant guild from Aihole that provided trade links between trading communities in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. They have been mentioned in inscriptions from the 9th century CE. Aihole was formerly a major city of the Chalukyas of Badami and a place with many temples and brahmans, some of whom seem to have become involved in the trading activities of the Five Hundred. But most of the Ayyavolu Lords were merchants, especially those engaged in long-distance trade. Their inscriptions between the 9th and 14th centuries record their endowments made to temples and throw light on their trading activities or commodities. The Five Hundred guild, known as ''Ayyavole'' in Kannada'', Ayyavolu'' in Telugu'', Aryarupa'' in Sanskrit'', and Ainuruvar'' in Tamil, operated in Southern India and Southeast Asia. They became more powerful under the Cholas. They were protectors of the Veera-Banaju-Dharma, that is, law of the heroic or nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajaraja II
Rajaraja II was a Chola emperor who reigned from 1150 to 1173. He was made his heir apparent and Co-Regent in 1146 and so the inscriptions of Rajaraja II count his reign from 1146. Rajaraja's reign began to show signs of the coming end of the dynasty. Beginning of disintegration The extent of the Chola territories remained as it was during Rajaraja's predecessors. The Vengi country was still firmly under the Chola rule. The Chola central administration did show weaknesses with regard to their control and effective administration over the outlying parts of the empire, which became pronounced towards the end of Raja Raja-II's reign. However, Rajaraja regained adequate control of provinces like Vengi, Kalinga, Pandya and Chera territories. He probably even invaded Sri Lanka as is explained in one of the Tamil poems written during his time. This is borne out by the fact that not just Rajaraja, but also his successors like Kulothunga III bore titles like Tribhuvana Chakravartin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulothunga II
Kulothunga II (died 1150 CE) was a Chola Emperor from 1133 CE to 1150 CE. He succeeded Vikrama Chola to the throne in 1135 CE. Vikrama Chola made Kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 1133 CE, so the inscriptions of Kulothunga II count his reign from 1133 CE. According to historians Nilakanta Sastri and T.N Subramanian, Kulottunga Chola II was not the son of Vikrama Chola and they have suggested that there was a break in the line of succession. Personal life and family Kulothunga II preferred to live in Chidambaram rather than the royal capital at Gangaikonda Cholapuram. Of the various titles he had, Anapaaya was perhaps his favourite. It is found in his inscriptions as well in the poetic tribute ''Kulothunga Cholan Ula''. He was also called ''Tirunirruchola''. Kulothunga II was succeeded by Rajaraja Chola II in 1150 CE. Extent of Empire The extent of empire as inherited from his predecessor Vikrama Chola was well maintained. The Western Chalukya kingdom was ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
