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Semah Ben Josiah
Semah ben Josiah () was the great-grandson of Anan ben David, a Nasi, and the head of the Palestinian yeshiva in the 9th century. Details According to a fragment found in the Cairo GenizahT-S 312.82, Semah reigned as head of the Palestinian Yeshiva for 31 years and was a Rabbanite.The seemingly incongruous fact that these supposedly Karaite princes served in the Palestinian Gaonate can be explained by the fact that only during the 10th century did Karaites claim Anan as their founder and include these Nesi'im in their pedigree, see His children lost the position to the rival Gaonic family. Another Genizah fragment (T-S 12.128) lists Semah as both a Rosh Yeshiva and a Nasi. Semah was proceeded in the Gaonate by his brother Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat (; alternatively spelled Jehosaphat, Josaphat, or Yehoshafat; ; ; ), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the son of Asa, and the fourth king of the Kingdom of Judah, in succession to his father. His children included Jehoram, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anan Ben David
Anan Ben David (, ) is widely considered to be a major founder of Karaite Judaism. His followers were called Ananites and, like modern Karaites, did not believe the Rabbinic Jewish Oral Torah, such as the Mishnah, to be authoritative. History From the second third of the 7th century and until middle of the 8th, as a result of the tremendous intellectual commotion produced throughout the West Asia by the swift early Muslim conquests and the collision of Islam with the religions and cultures of the world, there arose a large number of religious sects, especially in Persia, Iraq, and Syria. Judaism did not escape this general fomentation; the remnants of Second Temple sects picked up new life and flickered once more before their final extinction, and new sects also arose. " Anan", which means "Cloud", was never a very common name among Jews, but it is attested in the Bible: the original Anan was one of the Israelites who sealed the covenant after the return from the Babylonian capt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasi (Hebrew Title)
Nasi () is a title meaning "prince" in Biblical Hebrew, "Prince Sanhedrin.html" ;"title="f the Sanhedrin">f the Sanhedrin in Mishnaic Hebrew. Certain great figures from Jewish history have the title, including Judah ha-Nasi,Harry Gersh, ''The Sacred Books of the Jews'', 1968, Stein and Day, New York, p. 104 who was the chief redactor of the Mishnah as well as nasi of the Sanhedrin. In Modern Hebrew, its meaning has changed to " president". Usage Genesis and ancient Israel The noun nasi (including its grammatical variations) occurs 132 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible and is usually translated "prince", or occasionally "captain." The first use is for the twelve "princes" who will descend from Ishmael, in the Book of Genesis ( Lech-Lecha, ), and the second use (in Chayei Sarah ), is the Hittites recognising Abraham as "a godly prince" ( '). In the Book of Leviticus ( Vayikra, ), in the rites of sacrifices for leaders who err, there is the special offering made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Gaonate
The Palestinian Gaonate was the chief talmudic academy in Syria Palaestina and the central legalistic body of the Palestinian Jewish community during the middle of the ninth century, or even earlier, until its demise in the 11th century. It competed with the talmudic academies in Babylonia (Lower Mesopotamia) to support the growing diasporic communities. The Egyptian and German Jews particularly regarded the Palestinian geonim as their spiritual leaders. The history of the Palestinian gaonate was revealed in documents discovered in the Cairo Geniza in 1896. Sparse information is available on the Geonim before the middle of the ninth century. The extant material consists essentially of a list in '' Seder Olam Zutta'' relating all the geonim to Mar Zutra.Elizur, S. A contribution to the history of the gaonate in the eighth century : An elegy for the head of the academy in Palestine', Siyyon 1999, vol. 64, no3, pp. 311-348, ote(s): XXI (39 p.) Historical Society of Israel, Jerusal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo Genizah
The Cairo Geniza, alternatively spelled the Cairo Genizah, is a collection of some 400,000 Jewish manuscript fragments and Fatimid administrative documents that were kept in the '' genizah'' or storeroom of the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat or Old Cairo, Egypt. These manuscripts span the entire period of Middle-Eastern, North African, and Andalusian Jewish history between the 6th and 19th centuries CE, and comprise the largest and most diverse collection of medieval manuscripts in the world. The Genizah texts are written in various languages, especially Hebrew, Arabic, and Aramaic, mainly on vellum and paper, but also on papyrus and cloth. In addition to containing Jewish religious texts such as Biblical, Talmudic, and later Rabbinic works (some in the original hands of the authors), the Genizah gives a detailed picture of the economic and cultural life of the Mediterranean region, especially during the 10th to 13th centuries. Manuscripts from the Cairo Geniza are now dispersed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbanite
Rabbinic Judaism (), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, Rabbanite Judaism, or Talmudic Judaism, is rooted in the many forms of Judaism that coexisted and together formed Second Temple Judaism in the land of Israel, giving birth to classical rabbinic Judaism, which flourished from the 1st century CE to the final redaction of the Babylonian Talmud in c. 600. Mainly developing after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple (70 CE), it eventually became the normative form of Judaism. Rabbinic Judaism has been an orthodox form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud. It has its roots in the Pharisaic school of Second Temple Judaism and is based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received both the Written Torah (''Torah she-be-Khetav'') and the Oral Torah (''Torah she-be-al Peh'') from God. The Oral Torah explains the Written Torah, and it was the rabbis claimed that it was them who possessed this memorized and orally transmitted par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosh Yeshiva
Rosh yeshiva or Rosh Hayeshiva (, plural, pl. , '; Anglicized pl. ''rosh yeshivas'') is the title given to the dean of a yeshiva, a Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and the Torah, and ''halakha'' (Jewish law). The general role of the rosh yeshiva is to oversee the Talmudic studies and halakha, practical matters. The rosh yeshiva will often give the highest ''Shiur (Torah), shiur'' (class) and is also the one to decide whether to grant permission for students to undertake classes for rabbinical ordination, known as ''semicha''. The term is a compound word, compound of the Hebrew words ''rosh'' ("head") and ''yeshiva'' (a school of religious Jewish education). The rosh yeshiva is required to have a comprehensive knowledge of the Talmud and the ability to analyse and present new perspectives, called ''chidushim'' (wikt:novellae, novellae) verbally and often in print. In some institutions, such as YU's Rabbi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jehoshaphat Ben Saul
Jehoshaphat ben Josiah (Hebrew: יהושפט בן יאשיהו) was the son of Josiah ben Saul, the great-grandson of Anan ben David, a Nasi, and a Rosh Yeshivah, during the early ninth century. He lived in Israel where he was head of the Palestinian Yeshiva. Jehoshaphat was ''nasi'' and resh galuta of the nascent Karaite movement of Judaism, though it is likely that he was a Rabbanite Rabbinic Judaism (), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, Rabbanite Judaism, or Talmudic Judaism, is rooted in the many forms of Judaism that coexisted and together formed Second Temple Judaism in the land of Israel, giving birth to classical rabb ... himself due to his affiliation with the Palestinian Yeshiva.The seemingly incongruous fact that these supposedly Karaite princes served in the Palestinian Gaonate can be explained by the fact that only during the 10th century did Karaites claim Anan as their founder and include these Nesi'im in their pedigree, see He was the father of Boaz ben Jeh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aaron Ben Moses Ben Meir
According to the Old Testament of the Bible, Aaron ( or ) was an Israelite prophet, a high priest, and the elder brother of Moses. Information about Aaron comes exclusively from religious texts, such as the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament (Gospel of Luke, Luke, Acts, and Epistle to the Hebrews, Hebrews), and the Quran. The Hebrew Bible relates that, unlike Moses, who grew up in the Egyptian royal court, Aaron and his elder sister Miriam remained with their kinsmen in the Land of Goshen, northeastern region of the Nile Delta. When Moses first confronted the Egyptian king about the Slavery in ancient Egypt, enslavement of the Israelites, Aaron served as his brother's spokesman to the Pharaoh. Part of the Law given to Moses at Sinai granted Aaron the priesthood for himself and his male descendants, and he became the first High Priest of Israel, High Priest of the Israelites. Levite, Levitical priests or ''Kohen, kohanim'' are traditionally believed and halakha, halakhically requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geonim
''Geonim'' (; ; also Romanization of Hebrew, transliterated Gaonim, singular Gaon) were the presidents of the two great Talmudic Academies in Babylonia, Babylonian Talmudic Academies of Sura Academy , Sura and Pumbedita Academy , Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate. They were generally accepted as the spiritual leaders of the Jewish community worldwide in the early medieval era, in contrast to the ''Resh Galuta'' (exilarch) who wielded secular authority over the Jews in Islamic lands. ''Geonim'' is the plural of (''Ga'on'') , which means "pride" or "splendor" in Biblical Hebrew and since the 19th century "genius" as in modern Hebrew language, Hebrew. As a title of a Babylonian college president it meant something like "His Excellency". The ''Geonim'' played a prominent and decisive role in the transmission and teaching of Torah and Halakha, Jewish law. They taught Talmud and decided on issues on which no ruling had been rendered during the period of the Talmud. Era The per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karaite Exilarchs
Karaite or Qaraite may refer to: *Karaite Judaism, a Jewish religious movement that rejects the Talmud **Crimean Karaites, an ethnic group derived from Turkic-speaking adherents of Karaite Judaism in Eastern Europe ***Karaim language, Turkic language of Crimean Karaites. Its Crimean dialect is an ethnolect of the Crimean Tatar language. See also *Karate (other) *Keraites The Keraites (also ''Kerait, Kereit, Khereid'', Kazakh: керейт; Kyrgyz: керей; Mongolian: Хэрэйд; Nogai: Кереит; Uzbek: ''Kerait''; Chinese: 克烈) were one of the five dominant Turco-Mongol tribal confederations ..., a Turco-Mongolian tribe {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th-century People From The Abbasid Caliphate
The 9th century was a period from 801 (represented by the Roman numerals DCCCI) through 900 (CM) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Carolingian Renaissance and the Viking raids occurred within this period. In the Middle East, the House of Wisdom was founded in Abbasid Baghdad, attracting many scholars to the city. The field of algebra was founded by the Muslim polymath al-Khwarizmi. The most famous Islamic scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal was tortured and imprisoned by Abbasid official Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad during the reign of Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim and caliph al-Wathiq. In Southeast Asia, the height of the Mataram Kingdom happened in this century, while Burma would see the establishment of the major kingdom of Pagan. Tang China started the century with the effective rule under Emperor Xianzong and ended the century with the Huang Chao rebellions. In America, the Maya experienced widespread political collapse in the central Maya region, resulting in internecine warf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
