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Self-amplifying RNA
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), also termed self-replicating RNA (srRNA), is a type of mRNA molecule engineered to replicate itself within host cells, enhancing protein expression and boosting the immune response, making it a promising tool for MRNA vaccine#Amplification, vaccines and other therapeutic applications. As a "next-generation" mRNA, saRNA is designed to achieve greater protein expression with a reduced dose compared to conventional mRNA. Unlike conventional mRNA, which has a Messenger RNA#Degradation, short half-life and limited ability to express proteins for an extended time, saRNA can sustain protein expression for longer periods. saRNA are based on positive single stranded RNA viruses most commonly alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Conventional messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines only produce a finite amount of protein due to the short mRNA half-life. saRNA extends the kinetics of expression by a second ORF encoding the protein machinery necessary f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MRNA
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of Protein biosynthesis, synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the process of Transcription (biology), transcription, where an enzyme (RNA polymerase) converts the gene into primary transcript mRNA (also known as pre-mRNA). This pre-mRNA usually still contains introns, regions that will not go on to code for the final amino acid sequence. These are removed in the process of RNA splicing, leaving only exons, regions that will encode the protein. This exon sequence constitutes mature mRNA. Mature mRNA is then read by the ribosome, and the ribosome creates the protein utilizing amino acids carried by transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is known as Translation (biology), translation. All of these processes form part of the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of geneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
