|
Sector Mass Spectrometer
A sector instrument is a general term for a class of mass spectrometer that uses a static electric (E) or magnetic (B) sector or some combination of the two (separately in space) as a mass analyzer. Popular combinations of these sectors have been the EB, BE (of so-called reverse geometry), three-sector BEB and four-sector EBEB (electric-magnetic-electric-magnetic) instruments. Most modern sector instruments are double-focusing instruments (first developed by Francis William Aston, Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, Kenneth Bainbridge and Josef Mattauch in 1936) in that they focus the ion beams both in direction and velocity. Theory The behavior of ions in a homogeneous, linear, static electric or magnetic field (separately) as is found in a sector instrument is simple. The physics are described by a single equation called the Lorentz force law. This equation is the fundamental equation of all mass spectrometric techniques and applies in non-linear, non-homogeneous cases too and is an impor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeol 5sector
is a major developer and manufacturer of electron microscopes and other scientific instruments, industrial equipment and medical equipment. Its headquarters are in Tokyo, Japan, with 25 domestic and foreign subsidiaries and associated companies as of 2014. It is listed in the top ten businesses worldwide for analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing. JEOL's instruments are used by researchers around the world, including the University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, and MIT. It has been included in the Activest Lux Nanotech Mutual Fund and the WestLB Nanotech Fund. History Scientists in Japan began to collaborate as early as 1939 on the development of an electron microscope. Kenji Kazato and Kazuo Ito met while working at the Naval Central Institute in Tokyo during World War II. After the war, Kazato attracted Ito and a group of others to Mobara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This initial group developed a prototype magnetic field–type electron microscope called the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sector
Sector may refer to: Places * Sector, West Virginia, U.S. Geometry * Circular sector, the portion of a disc enclosed by two radii and a circular arc * Hyperbolic sector, a region enclosed by two radii and a hyperbolic arc * Spherical sector, a portion of a sphere enclosed by a cone of radii from the center of the sphere Social and economic * Business sector, part of the economy which involves the trading and sale of products by companies * Economic sector, the manufacturing, finance and production of goods for consumers * Private sector, business activity created by private enterprise for profit * Public sector, delivers social services, infrastructure and institutions administered by government * Voluntary sector, a non-profit and voluntary part of an economy provided by organisations * The sector of the sector directive in government procurement in the European Union Computing * Cylinder-head-sector, an early method for giving addresses to blocks of data on a hard drive * Dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred O
Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *''Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series * ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne * ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera by Antonín Dvořák *"Alfred (Interlude)" and "Alfred (Outro)", songs by Eminem from the 2020 album '' Music to Be Murdered By'' Business and organisations * Alfred, a radio station in Shaftesbury, England * Alfred Music, an American music publisher * Alfred University, New York, U.S. * The Alfred Hospital, a hospital in Melbourne, Australia People * Alfred (name) includes a list of people and fictional characters called Alfred * Alfred the Great (848/49 – 899), or Alfred I, a king of the West Saxons and of the Anglo-Saxons Places Antarctica * Mount Alfred (Antarctica) Australia * Alfredtown, New South Wales * County of Alfred, South Australia Canada * Alfred and Plantagenet, Ontario ** Alfred, Ontario, a community in Alfred and Plantagenet * Alfred Island, Nunavut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charge Remote Fragmentation
Collision-induced dissociation (CID), also known as collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), is a mass spectrometry technique to induce fragmentation of selected ions in the gas phase. The selected ions (typically molecular ions or protonated molecules) are usually accelerated by applying an electrical potential to increase the ion kinetic energy and then allowed to collide with neutral molecules (often helium, nitrogen, or argon). In the collision, some of the kinetic energy is converted into internal energy which results in bond breakage and the fragmentation of the molecular ion into smaller fragments. These fragment ions can then be analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. CID and the fragment ions produced by CID are used for several purposes. Partial or complete structural determination can be achieved. In some cases, identity can be established based on previous knowledge without determining structure. Another use is in simply achieving more sensitive and specific dete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass-analyzed Ion Kinetic Energy Spectrometry
Mass-analyzed ion kinetic-energy spectrometry (MIKES) is a mass spectrometry technique by which mass spectra are obtained from a sector instrument that incorporates at least one magnetic sector plus one electric sector in reverse geometry (the beam first enters the magnetic sector). The accelerating voltage ''V'', and the magnetic field ''B'', are set to select the precursor ions of a particular ''m/z''. The precursor ions then dissociate or react in an electric field-free region between the two sectors. The ratio of the kinetic energy to charge of the product ions are analyzed by scanning the electric sector field ''E''. The width of the product ion spectrum peaks is related to the kinetic energy release distribution for the dissociation process. History MIKES was developed at Purdue University in 1973 by Beynon, Cooks, J. W. Amy, W. E. Baitinger, and T. Y. Ridley."MIKES: History and Significance .ASMS, Web. . MIKES was invented because researches at Purdue and Cornell thoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensitive High-resolution Ion Microprobe
The sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (also sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe or SHRIMP) is a large-diameter, double-focusing secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) sector instrument that was produced by Australian Scientific Instruments in Canberra, Australia and now has been taken over by Chinese company Dunyi Technology Development Co. (DTDC) in Beijing. Similar to the IMS 1270-1280-1300 large-geometry ion microprobes produced by CAMECA, Gennevilliers, France and like other SIMS instruments, the SHRIMP microprobe bombards a sample under vacuum with a beam of primary ions that sputters secondary ions that are focused, filtered, and measured according to their energy and mass. The SHRIMP is primarily used for geological and geochemical applications. It can measure the isotopic and elemental abundances in minerals at a 10 to 30 μm-diameter scale and with a depth resolution of 1–5 μm. Thus, SIMS method is well-suited for the analysis of complex mineral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JEOL
is a major developer and manufacturer of electron microscopes and other scientific instruments, industrial equipment and medical equipment. Its headquarters are in Tokyo, Japan, with 25 domestic and foreign subsidiaries and associated companies as of 2014. It is listed in the top ten businesses worldwide for analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing. JEOL's instruments are used by researchers around the world, including the University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, and MIT. It has been included in the Activest Lux Nanotech Mutual Fund and the WestLB Nanotech Fund. History Scientists in Japan began to collaborate as early as 1939 on the development of an electron microscope. Kenji Kazato and Kazuo Ito met while working at the Naval Central Institute in Tokyo during World War II. After the war, Kazato attracted Ito and a group of others to Mobara, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This initial group developed a prototype magnetic field–type electron microscope called the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Mass Spectrometry
The ''Journal of Mass Spectrometry'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of mass spectrometry including instrument design and development, ionization processes, mechanisms and energetics of gaseous ion reactions, spectroscopy of gaseous ions, theoretical aspects, ion structure, analysis of compounds of biological interest, methodology development, applications to elemental analysis and inorganic chemistry, computer-related applications and developments, and environmental chemistry and other fields that use innovative aspects of mass spectrometry. It was established in 1968 as ''Organic Mass Spectrometry'' by Heyden & Son and obtained its current title in 1995.https://search.worldcat.org/title/1312508592 It is currently published by John Wiley & Sons. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.982. See also * '' Mass Spectrometry Reviews'' *''Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry ''Rapid Communications in Mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Plate
Photographic plates preceded film as the primary medium for capturing images in photography. These plates, made of metal or glass and coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, were integral to early photographic processes such as heliography, daguerreotypes, and photogravure. Glass plates, thinner than standard window glass, became widely used in the late 19th century for their clarity and reliability. Although largely replaced by film during the 20th century, plates continued to be used for specialised scientific and medical purposes until the late 20th century. History Glass plates were far superior to film for research-quality imaging because they were stable and less likely to bend or distort, especially in large-format frames for wide-field imaging. Early plates used the wet collodion process. The wet plate process was replaced late in the 19th century by gelatin dry plates. A view camera nicknamed "The Mammoth" weighing was built by George R. Lawrence in 1899, sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proton
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , Hydron (chemistry), H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' (elementary charge). Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and approximately times the mass of an electron (the proton-to-electron mass ratio). Protons and neutrons, each with a mass of approximately one Dalton (unit), dalton, are jointly referred to as ''nucleons'' (particles present in atomic nuclei). One or more protons are present in the Atomic nucleus, nucleus of every atom. They provide the attractive electrostatic central force which binds the atomic electrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element, and is referred to as the atomic number (represented by the symbol ''Z''). Since each chemical element, element is identified by the number of protons in its nucleus, each element has its own atomic number, which determines the number of atomic electrons and consequently the chemical characteristi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atomic Mass
Atomic mass ( or ) is the mass of a single atom. The atomic mass mostly comes from the combined mass of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, with minor contributions from the electrons and nuclear binding energy. The atomic mass of atoms, ions, or atomic nuclei is slightly less than the sum of the masses of their constituent protons, neutrons, and electrons, due to mass defect (explained by mass-energy equivalence: ). Atomic mass is often measured in dalton (Da) or unified atomic mass unit (u). One dalton is equal to the mass of a carbon-12 atom in its natural state, given by the atomic mass constant , where is the atomic mass of carbon-12. Thus, the numerical value of the atomic mass of a nuclide when expressed in daltons is close to its mass number. The relative isotopic mass (see section below) can be obtained by dividing the atomic mass of an isotope by the atomic mass constant , yielding a dimensionless value. Thus, the atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom is b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isotope
Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or ''nuclides'') of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their Atomic nucleus, nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), but different nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. While all isotopes of a given element have similar chemical properties, they have different atomic masses and physical properties. The term isotope is derived from the Greek roots isos (wikt:ἴσος, ἴσος "equal") and topos (wikt:τόπος, τόπος "place"), meaning "the same place"; thus, the meaning behind the name is that different isotopes of a single element occupy the same position on the periodic table. It was coined by Scottish doctor and writer Margaret Todd (doctor), Margaret Todd in a 1913 suggestion to the British chemist Frederick Soddy, who popularized the term. The number of protons within the atomic nuc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
