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Sean Downes (Irish Republican)
Sean Edward "John" Downes (February 1962 – 12 August 1984), was a ex-Provisional Irish Republican Army youth member, who died after he was shot in the chest at almost point blank range with a plastic bullet in August 1984 during an anti-internment rally in Belfast. Personal life Sean Edward Downes was born in February 1962 in Belfast, to Gerry and Vera Downes, he was their fifth child. On 12 March 1979 when Downes was 16 he was arrested and charged for being in a youth wing of the Provisional IRA, but wasn't given any jail time as long as he promised to stay out of trouble. Downes wouldn’t ever rejoin the Provisional IRA. Downes would marry his long time girlfriend Brenda in January 1983; their marriage was held at the St. Agnes Church. They would have a daughter Claire who was born in February. Death On 12 August 1984, John Downes accompanied with his wife Brenda and their 18-month old daughter, Claire attended a anti-internment rally in Andersonstown in front of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belfast
Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel. It is the second-largest city in Ireland (after Dublin), with an estimated population of in , and a Belfast metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of 671,559. First chartered as an English settlement in 1613, the town's early growth was driven by an influx of Scottish people, Scottish Presbyterian Church in Ireland, Presbyterians. Their descendants' disaffection with Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland's Protestant Ascendancy, Anglican establishment contributed to the Irish Rebellion of 1798, rebellion of 1798, and to the Acts of Union 1800, union with Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain in 1800—later regarded as a key to the town's industrial transformation. When granted City status in the United Kingdom#Northern Ireland, city s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets
United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets is an organisation based in Belfast, Northern Ireland that opposes the use of plastic bullets by the British army and the Northern Ireland police. Following the death of John Downes, killed by a plastic bullet fired by members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary in August 1984, the campaign was founded by Clara Reilly and Emma Groves (1920–2007), who had been blinded by a rubber bullet in 1971. After John Downes, two more youths were killed by plastic bullets: Keith White, a 22-year-old from Portadown, in 1986 and Seamus Duffy, aged 15, from Belfast, in 1989. In March 2005, the Northern Ireland Policing Board agreed to substitute the last variant of the plastic bullet, the L21, for the less-lethal Attenuated Energy Projectile Plastic bullet can refer to: * Plastic baton round: a large, blunt, low-velocity projectile fired from a specialized gun, intended as a less-lethal weapon for riot control and an alternative to rubber bullets. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Killed By Security Forces During The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Republicans
Irish republicanism () is the political movement for an Irish republic, void of any British rule. Throughout its centuries of existence, it has encompassed various tactics and identities, simultaneously elective and militant and has been both widely supported and iconoclastic. The modern emergence of nationalism, democracy, and radicalism provided a basis for the movement, with groups forming across the island in hopes of independence. Parliamentary defeats provoked uprisings and armed campaigns, quashed by British forces. The Easter Rising, an attempted coup that took place in the midst of the First World War, provided popular support for the movement. An Irish republic was declared in 1916 and officialized following the Irish War of Independence. The Irish Civil War, beginning in 1922 and spurred by the partition of the island, then occurred. Republican action, including armed campaigns, continued in the newly-formed state of Northern Ireland, a region of the United Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Belfast
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1984 Deaths
__NOTOC__ The following is a list of notable deaths in 1984. Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence: * Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference. Deaths in 1984 January * January 1 ** Alexis Korner, British blues musician and broadcaster (b. 1928) ** Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1903) * January 5 – Giuseppe Fava, Italian writer (b. 1925) * January 6 – Ernest Laszlo, Hungarian-American cinematographer (b. 1898) * January 7 – Alfred Kastler, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902) * January 9 – Sir Deighton Lisle Ward, 4th Governor-General of Barbados (b. 1909) * January 11 – Jack La Rue, American actor (b. 1902) * January 14 ** Saad Haddad, Lebanese military officer and militia leader (b. 1936) ** Ray Kroc, American entrepreneur (b. 1902) * J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 Births
The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – The office of Pope John XXIII announces the excommunication of Fidel Castro for preaching communism and interfering with Catholic churches in Cuba. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the worst Netherlands, Dutch rail disaster. * January 9 – Cuba and the Soviet Union sign a trade pact. * January 12 – The Indonesian Army confirms that it has begun operations in West Irian. * January 13 – People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Albania allies itself with the People's Republic of China. * January 15 ** Portugal abandons the United Nations General Assembly due to the debate over Angola. ** French designer Yves Saint Laurent (designer), Yves Saint Laurent launches Yves Saint Lau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pat Finucane
Patrick Finucane (; 21 March 1949 – 12 February 1989) was an Irish international human rights lawyer, most notable for his challenge of the British government in human rights cases on behalf of Irish Republican Army (IRA) hunger strikers such as Bobby Sands in the 1980s and his murder in 1989 by loyalist paramilitaries from the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), acting in collusion with agencies of the British government. Finucane's killing was one of the most controversial during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. He was shot 14 times as ate a meal at his Belfast home with his three children and his wife, who was wounded during the attack. In September 2004, Ken Barrett, an UDA member who was recruited as an informer by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's Special Branch, pleaded guilty to his murder; he only served 3 years in jail after being released early. In 2001, after international pressure, at Weston Park, the British government agreed to appoint a judge that would revie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emma Groves
Emma Groves (1920 – 2 April 2007) was a human rights activist, a leading campaigner for banning the use of plastic bullets, and a co-founder of the United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets in Northern Ireland. She began her campaign after she was blinded from being struck in the face by a rubber bullet in 1971. Shooting incident Emma Groves was a Belfast mother of 11 children. At 9 a.m. on 4 November 1971, aged 51, she was standing at her living room window during Operation Banner, British Army searches on her neighbours' houses. As a mark of defiance, Emma turned on her record player and placed the ballad "Four Green Fields" on her record player and turned up the volume. As she turned back to the window, a soldier, at a distance of about eight yards, shot a rubber bullet through the window hitting her in the face. As a result, she lost her sight in both eyes. A doctor at the hospital who was removing Emma's eyes approached Mother Teresa of Calcutta, who was visiting Belfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Galvin
Martin J. Galvin (born January 8, 1950) is an Irish American lawyer, publisher and activist, and former director of NORAID. Background Galvin was born on January 8, 1950, the son of a fireman. He attended Catholic schools, Fordham University and Fordham University School of Law. He previously worked as hearing officer for the New York City Department of Sanitation. Galvin and his wife, Carmel, have a son. Political activism Galvin was the publicity director for the New York-based NORAID, an Irish American group fundraising organization which raised money for the families of Irish republican prisoners, but was also accused by the American, British, and Irish governments to be a front for the supply of weapons to the Provisional IRA. Galvin became a publisher of '' The Irish People'' in the 1980s. He was banned from Northern Ireland because of a speech he gave that seemed to endorse terrorism. In August 1984 he defied the ban, and entered Northern Ireland from the Republic of Ire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Antrim
County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim, County Antrim, Antrim, ) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, located within the historic Provinces of Ireland, province of Ulster. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of and has a population of 651,321, as of the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census. County Antrim has a population density of 211 people per square kilometre or 546 people per square mile. It is also one of the thirty-two traditional Counties of Ireland, counties of Ireland. The Glens of Antrim offer isolated rugged landscapes, the Giant's Causeway is a unique landscape and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bushmills, County Antrim, Bushmills produces whiskey, and Portrush is a popular seaside resort and night-life area. The majority of Belfast, the capital city of Northern Ireland, is in County Antrim, with the remainder being in County Down. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001, United Kingdom Census 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
