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The Principality of Sealand () is a micronation on HM Fort Roughs (also known as Roughs Tower), an offshore platform in the North Sea. It is situated on Rough Sands, a sandbar located approximately from the coast of Suffolk and from the coast of Essex. Roughs Tower is a Maunsell Sea Fort that was built by the British in international waters during World War II. Since 1967, the decommissioned Roughs Tower has been occupied and claimed as a sovereign state by the family and associates of Paddy Roy Bates. Bates seized Roughs Tower from a group of pirate radio broadcasters in 1967 with the intention of setting up his own station there. Bates and his associates have repelled incursions from vessels from rival pirate radio stations and the UK's Royal Navy using firearms and petrol bombs.Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon. ''Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations'', Lonely Planet Publications, 2006, pp. 9–12. In 1987, the United Kingdom extended its te ...
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Paddy Roy Bates
Patrick Roy Bates (29 August 1921 – 9 October 2012), self-styled as Prince Roy of Sealand, was a British pirate radio broadcaster and micronationalist, who founded the self-proclaimed Principality of Sealand.Strauss, Erwin. ''How to Start Your Own Country'', Paladin Press, 1999, p. 132, cited in admin (20 September 2008)"A Brief History of Sealand", HistoriaInfinitas.com; retrieved 11 May 2011 Early life Bates was born in Ealing, Middlesex, in 1921. He served in the British Army during World War II, rising to the rank of major, and was injured several times. He served in the Battle of Monte Cassino in the Italian campaign, and had been with the Eighth Army in North Africa.Bannister, Matthew. BBC Radio 4, Friday, 26 October 2012. He then became a fisherman. Radio Essex He then moved into broadcasting via pirate radio.Edwards, Chris; Parkes, James (19 October 2000)"Radio Essex" and "Britains Better Music Station". Off Shore Echoes. Retrieved 11 May 2011 In 1965, he ousted the ...
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Wonderful Radio London
Radio London, also known as Big L and Wonderful Radio London, was a top 40 (in London's case, the "Fab 40") offshore commercial station that operated from 23 December 1964 to 14 August 1967, from a ship anchored in the North Sea, off Frinton-on-Sea, Essex, England. The station, like other offshore radio operators, was dubbed a UK pirate radio, pirate radio station, and went off air following the introduction of the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 which made it illegal to supply or assist such stations except in an emergency. The station was notable for helping to launch the careers of various disc jockeys who went on to work at BBC Radio 1. Its offices were in the West End of London at 17 Curzon Street, just off Park Lane. Origin of the station Radio London was the brainchild of Don Pierson, who lived in Eastland, Texas, Eastland, Texas, United States. In a 1984 interview, Pierson said he got the idea in 1964, while reading a report in ''The Dallas Mornin ...
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The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ...
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Camouflage Passport
A camouflage passport is a document, designed to look like a real passport, issued in the name of a non-existent country or entity. It may be sold with matching documents, such as an international driver's license, club membership card, insurance documents or similar supporting identity papers. A camouflage passport is not a real, valid passport and is to be distinguished from a valid second passport, which an individual with dual citizenship may be eligible to hold, a novelty ''fantasy passport'', or a fake of a real passport. Origins False identity documents have a long history, but in 1998, the idea of the camouflage passport was credited by the ''Financial Times'' to Donna Walker of Houston, who said she had got the idea ten years earlier when an American on a hijacked aircraft was shot because of his nationality. Walker said that she started by asking the Sri Lankan embassy whether they still had rights over the name ''Ceylon'' and, finding they did not, went on to ask th ...
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