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Sea Turtle Tornovirus 1
''Sea turtle tornovirus 1'' is a single stranded DNA virus that was isolated from a turtle with fibropapillomatosis in 2009.Ng TF, Manire C, Borrowman K, Langer T, Ehrhart L, Breitbart M (2009) Discovery of a novel single-stranded DNA virus from a sea turtle fibropapilloma by using viral metagenomics. J Virol 83(6):2500–2509 Virology The genome is circular and ~1.8 kilobases in length with a G+C content of ~50%. It has at least three open reading frames (ORF 1, 2, 3) and two others (ORF 4 and 5) may also be present. The genome is of negative polarity. ORF 1 possesses a putative nuclear localization signal at its N terminal. ORF 2 has some homology to the viral protein 2 of chicken anaemia virus. ORF 3 has no homology to any known protein. Similarly neither ORF 4 or 5 have any homology with any known protein. The functions of these proteins is not known. A TATA box (sequence—TATAAA) and a poly adenosine signal (sequence—AATAAA) are present in the genome. Taxonomy The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turtle Fibropapillomatosis
Turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a disease of sea turtles. The condition is characterized by benign but ultimately debilitating epithelial tumours on the surface of biological tissues. FP exists all over the world, but it is most prominent in warmer climates, affecting up to 50–70% of some populations. The causative agent of the disease is believed to be Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV-5), a species of virus in the genus '' Scutavirus'', subfamily '' Alphaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. Turtle leeches are suspected mechanical vectors, transmitting the disease to other individuals. The disease is thought to have a multifactorial cause, including a tumour-promoting phase that is possibly caused by biotoxins or contaminants. Description Fibropapillomatosis is a benign tumour disease of marine turtles, predominantly in the green sea turtle, ''Chelonia mydas'', but it has also been reported in the loggerhead sea turtle ''Caretta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mya Breitbart
Mya Breitbart is an American biologist and professor of biological oceanography at the University of South Florida's College of Marine Science. She is best known for her contributions to the field of viral metagenomics. Popular Science recognized her because of her approach of not trying to sequence individual viruses or organisms but to sequence everything in a given ecosystem. Early life and education Breitbart grew up in South Brunswick, New Jersey and graduated from South Brunswick High School. Her father was a food chemist at Lipton and her mother (a geneticist) set up science laboratories at Breitbart's high school. She completed a Bachelor of Science degree at the Florida Institute of Technology where she was first introduced to marine viruses and viral ecology. Under the supervision of Forest Rohwer, Breitbart then completed a PhD in cell and molecular biology in 2006. Career Breitbart is an environmental virologist at the University of South Florida's College of Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adenosine
Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. The molecule consists of an adenine attached to a ribose via a β-N9- glycosidic bond. Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside building blocks of RNA (and its derivative deoxyadenosine is a building block of DNA), which are essential for all life on Earth. Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. Adenosine is used as an intravenous medication for some cardiac arrhythmias. Adenosyl (abbreviated Ado or 5'-dAdo) is the chemical group formed by removal of the 5′-hydroxy (OH) group. It is found in adenosylcobalamin (an active form of vitamin B12) and as a radical in the radical SAM enzymes. Medical uses Supraventricular tachycardia In individuals with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), adenosine is a first line trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circovirus
''Circovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Circoviridae''. Birds (such as pigeons and ducks) and pigs serve as natural hosts, though dogs have been shown to be infected as well. Circoviruses are single stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. There are 70 species in this genus. Some members of this genus cause disease: PCV-1 is non pathogenic, while PCV-2 causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Structure Viruses in ''Circovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedrals capsids that have T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 17 nm. Genomes are circular and non-segmented. The virions of Circoviruses are surprisingly small, with diameters ranging from 17 up to 22 nm. Genome Circovirus has a monopartite, circular, and ssDNA genome of between 1759 and 2319nt, making it possibly the virus of shortest genome size in mammal viruses. The virus replicates through an dsDNA intermediate initiated by the Rep protein. Two major genes are transcribed from open rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicken Anemia Virus
Chicken anemia virus (CAV), scientific name ''Gyrovirus chickenanemia'', is a member of the ''Anelloviridae'' family which is found worldwide. The virus only affects chickens. CAV is a non-enveloped icosahedral single-stranded DNA virus, which causes bone marrow atrophy, anemia, and severe immunosuppression. Clinical signs of CAV infection are predominantly found in young chicks due to vertical transmission from the breeder hens whose maternal antibodies have not yet formed following exposure. Clinical disease is rare today because of the widespread practice of vaccinating breeders, but the subclinical form of the disease—which normally affects birds more than two weeks of age following horizontal transmission of the virus via the fecal–oral route—is ubiquitous. The virus is very resistant in the environment, making elimination very difficult. The disease and virus have many names including chicken anemia, blue wing disease, anemia dermatitis syndrome, chicken/avian infectio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
