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Sciaroidea Genera
Sciaroidea is a superfamily in the infraorder Bibionomorpha. There are about 16 families and more than 15,000 described species in Sciaroidea. Most of its constituent families are various gnats (e.g. fungus gnats). Description As nematoceran flies, sciaroid adults generally have long segmented antennae, while their larvae have a well-developed head and mouthparts. Aside from this, sciaroids vary in appearance. For example, Sciaridae adults have each eye extended dorsally to form an "eye bridge", a feature not found in related families. Cecidomyiidae adults have a distinctive reduced wing venation, while their larvae are atypical for nematoceran larvae in having a very small head capsule. Ecology Most fungus gnats (Sciaroidea excluding Cecidomyiidae) live in forests with their larvae occurring in fungi, dead wood and soil. There are some which live in wetlands such as fens. Several genera of Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae may reach high abundances in damp buildings with we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hessian Fly
The Hessian fly (''Mayetiola destructor''), or barley midge, is a species of fly that is a significant pest of cereal crops, including wheat, barley and rye. Though a native of Asia, upon its discovery it was believed to have been transported into North America in the straw bedding of Hessian troops during the American Revolution (1775–1783), thus the origin of its common name. However, the report of an inquiry made in 1788 by Sir Joseph Banks states that "no such insect could be found to exist in Germany or any other part of Europe". Nonetheless, it appears that this species, or one exactly like it in habits, had been known for at least a century prior to the American Revolution from a locality near Geneva, and also for a long time from some regions in France. The Hessian fly was described by Thomas Say in 1817. It is a very harmful insect. It mainly attacks the stem, although if it is especially hungry it will eat any part of the plant it can find. In 1836, a severe infes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diadocidiidae
The Diadocidiidae are a Family (biology), family of fly, flies (Diptera), containing one extant genus with over 20 species and one extinct genus. Diadocidiidae are found worldwide, except in Africa and Antarctica. They are usually considered close to the Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae, and Ditomyiidae, and used to be included in the Mycetophilidae. They are woodland flies, found in shaded places in forests or near streams. The larvae spin silken tubes under bark or in dead logs, and feed on hymenium of Polyporaceae fungi. The average body length for adults is around 2.5–5.6 mm. Genera * ''Diadocidia'' Ruthe 1831 Eocene-Present * †''Docidiadia'' Blagoderov and Grimaldi 2004 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian References Further reading *Laštovka P. & Matile L. 1972 Révision des Diadocidia Holarctiques [Dipt. Mycetophilidae].'' Annales de la Société Entomologique de France'' (N. S.) 8: 205–223. External links EOL [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archizelmiridae
Archizelmiridae is an extinct family of flies, known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. It belongs to the Sciaroidea, and has suggested to have a close relationship with Sciaridae. Genera * '' Archimelzira'' Grimaldi et al. 2003 New Jersey amber, Late Cretaceous (Turonian) * '' Archizelmira'' Rohdendorf 1962 Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Middle-Late Jurassic (Callovian/ Oxfordian) Shar Teeg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian) * '' Burmazelmira'' Grimaldi et al. 2003 Spanish amber, Escucha Formation, Early Cretaceous (Albian), Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) * '' Zelmiarcha'' Grimaldi et al. 2003 Lebanese amber, Early Cretaceous (Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Rohdendorf
Boris Borisovich Rohdendorf (, 12 July 1904, Saint Petersburg – 21 November 1977, Moscow) was a Soviet entomologist and curator at the Zoological Museum at the Moscow University. He attained the position of head of the Laboratory of Arthropods, Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in Moscow. A student of Andrey Martynov, he was a prolific taxonomist who described numerous new taxa, including fossil Diptera, and published important syntheses on fossil insects. His work was a basis for many Russian paleoentomologists. Rohdendorf was born near St. Petersburg where his father was an army man. He studied at the natural science department of the Moscow University and from 1921 he worked as a taxonomist at the zoological museum of the university. He took a special interest in the Diptera, examining the Tachinidae, Phasiidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. In 1923 he described a new Phasiinae from Turkmenistan. He graduated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antefungivoridae
Antefungivoridae is an extinct family of fungus gnats and gall midges in the order Diptera. There are about 9 genera and more than 40 described species in Antefungivoridae. Genera These nine genera belong to the family Antefungivoridae: * † '' Antefungivora'' Rohdendorf, 1938 * † '' Antiquamedia'' Rohdendorf, 1938 * † '' Aortomima'' Zhang, Zhang, Liu & Shangguan, 1986 * † '' Baishuilingella'' Lin, 1980 * † '' Lycoriomimodes'' Rohdendorf, 1946 * † '' Mimallactoneura'' Rohdendorf, 1946 * † '' Paralycoriomima'' Rohdendorf, 1946 * † '' Pleciomima'' Rohdendorf, 1938 * † A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ... '' Sciaromima'' Kovalev, 1990 References Nematocera †Antefungivoridae Prehistoric insect families Taxa named by Boris Rohdendorf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinction
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and recover. As a species' potential Range (biology), range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxon, Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the Fossil, fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. Over five billion species are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryotes globally, possibly many times more if microorganisms are included. Notable extinct animal species include Dinosaur, non-avian dinosaurs, Machairodontinae, saber-toothed cats, and mammoths. Through evolution, species arise through the process of specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustaf Johan Billberg
Gustaf Johan Billberg (14 June 1772, Karlskrona – 26 November 1844, Stockholm) was a Sweden, Swedish botanist, zoologist and anatomist, although professionally and by training he was a lawyer and used science and biology as an avocation. The plant genus ''Billbergia'' was named for him by Carl Peter Thunberg. Biography In 1790 he earned his legal degree at the University of Lund, later working as an auditor at the audit chamber in Stockholm from 1793. In 1798 he became a member of the county administrative board (''landskamrerare'') in Visby. In 1808 he returned to Stockholm, where from 1812 to 1837, he served as a member of the administrative court (''kammarrättsråd''). He was promoted in 1824 to head the ministry of the Board of Customs (''generaltullstyrelsen''). In 1812, he purchased the right of publishing to the precious work of ''Svensk Botanik'' from the estate of Johan Wilhelm Palmstruch. He subsequently prepared two parts for publication during 1812–1819. He was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sciaridae
The Sciaridae are a family of fly, flies, commonly known as dark-winged fungus gnats. Commonly found in moist environments, they are known to be a pest of mushroom farms and are commonly found in household plant pots. This is one of the least studied of the large Diptera families, probably due to the small size of these insects and the similarity among species. Currently, around 1700 species are described, but an estimated 20,000 species are awaiting discovery, mainly in the tropics. More than 600 species are known from Europe. Description Adult Sciaridae are small, dark flies 1–11 mm long and usually <5 mm long. They have a characteristic wing venation: there is no cross vein except for a short rs at the wing base, the anterior veins are a short R1 and a long R5, vein M has a simple fork with a long stem, and CuA1 has a fork with a short stem. Larval Sciaridae are slender and lack legs. They are white except for a black head, and their skin is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rangomaramidae
Rangomaramidae is a family of flies in the infraorder Bibionomorpha. The family, members of which are known as long-winged fungus gnats, was erected in 2002 by Jaschhof and Didham to include five new species of flies in the genus ''Rangomarama ''Rangomarama'' is a genus of fungus gnats in the family Rangomaramidae. Species *''Rangomarama edwardsi'' Jaschhof & Didham, 2002 *''Rangomarama humboldti'' Jaschhof & Didham, 2002 *''Rangomarama leopoldinae'' Jaschhof & Didham, 2002 *''Rangoma ...'' from New Zealand. The family was then expanded to include several other genera from across the world which were formerly classified as Sciaroidea ''incertae sedis'', but preliminary studies show that the broad family is non-monophyletic. References {{taxonbar, from=Q1946945 Nematocera families Sciaroidea Rangomaramidae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycetophilidae
Mycetophilidae is a family of small flies, forming the bulk of those species known as fungus gnats. About 3000 described species are placed in 150 genera, but the true number of species is undoubtedly much higher. They are generally found in the damp habitats favoured by their host fungi and sometimes form dense swarms. Adults of this family can usually be separated from other small flies by the strongly humped thorax, well-developed coxae, and often spinose legs, but identification within the family between genera and species generally requires close study of microscopic features such as subtle differences in wing venation and variation in chaetotaxy and genitalia. The terrestrial larvae usually feed on fungi, especially the fruiting bodies, but also spores and hyphae, but some species have been recorded on mosses and liverworts. The larvae of some species, while still being associated with fungi, are at least partly predatory. Some species are attracted to the fungus smell o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Wallace Edwards
Frederick Wallace Edwards FRS (28 November 1888 in Fletton, Peterborough – 15 November 1940 in London), was an English entomologist. Edwards was known in the field of entomology for his work on Diptera. Edwards worked in the British Museum (Natural History) which contains his collections made on his expeditions to Norway and Sweden (1923), Switzerland and Austria (1925), Argentina and Chile (1926/27), with Raymond Corbett Shannon, Corsica and USA (1928), the Baltic (1933), Kenya and Uganda (1934-5) (as co-leader of the British Museum Ruwenzori expedition of 1934-35) with Ernest Gibbins, and the Pyrenees (1935). He was able to oversee publication of Alwyn M. Evan's monograph on ''The Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region'' after her death in 1937. Among the unusual insects that he described was the flightless marine midge '' Pontomyia''. The mosquito genus '' Fredwardsius'' is named to honor his work establishing the generic and subgeneric framework which forms the basis fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lygistorrhinidae
Lygistorrhininae, commonly called long-beaked fungus gnats is a subfamily of flies in the Diptera family Keroplatidae Keroplatidae is a family of small flies known as fungus gnats. About 950 species are described, but the true number of species is undoubtedly much higher. The long-beaked fungus gnats, formerly placed in a separate family Lygistorrhinidae, hav .... The groups was long treated as a separate family, but molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown it to belong to Keroplatidae. There are about 7 genera and at least 30 described species in Lygistorrhininae. Genera * †'' Archaeognoriste'' Blagoderov & Grimaldi, 2004 *'' Asiorrhina'' Blagoderov, Hippa & Sevcik, 2009 *'' Blagorrhina'' Hippa, Mattsson & Vilkamaa, 2005 *'' Gracilorrhina'' Hippa, Mattsson & Vilkamaa, 2005 *'' Labellorrhina'' Hippa, Mattsson & Vilkamaa, 2005 *'' Loyugesa'' Grimaldi & Blagoderov, 2001 *'' Lygistorrhina'' Skuse, 1890 *'' Matileola'' Papp 2002 * †'' Palaeognoriste'' Meunier, 1904 * †'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
