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SciPy
SciPy (pronounced "sigh pie") is a free and open-source Python library used for scientific computing and technical computing. SciPy contains modules for optimization, linear algebra, integration, interpolation, special functions, fast Fourier transform, signal and image processing, ordinary differential equation solvers and other tasks common in science and engineering. SciPy is also a family of conferences for users and developers of these tools: SciPy (in the United States), EuroSciPy (in Europe) and SciPy.in (in India). Enthought originated the SciPy conference in the United States and continues to sponsor many of the international conferences as well as host the SciPy website. The SciPy library is currently distributed under the BSD license, and its development is sponsored and supported by an open community of developers. It is also supported by NumFOCUS, a community foundation for supporting reproducible and accessible science. Components The SciPy package is at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Travis Oliphant
Travis Oliphant is an American data scientist, software developer, and entrepreneur known for his contributions to the Python scientific computing ecosystem. He is the primary creator of Numpy, a foundational package for numerical computation in Python, and a founding contributor to SciPy. Oliphant is also a co-founder of NumFOCUS, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit charity in the United States that supports open-source scientific software. He is also a founder of several technology companies, including AnacondaQuansight anOpenTeams Early life and education Oliphant earned a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science in mathematics and electrical engineering from Brigham Young University. He later completed a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering at the Mayo Clinic, where his research focused on medical imaging and signal processing. Academic career From 2001 to 2007, Oliphant served as an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Brigham Young Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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List Of Numerical-analysis Software
Listed here are notable end-user computer applications intended for use with numerical or data analysis: Numerical-software packages * Analytica is a widely used proprietary software tool for building and analyzing numerical models. It is a declarative and visual programming language based on influence diagrams. * FlexPro is a program to analyze and present measurement data. It has a rich Excel-like user interface and a built-in vector programming language FPScript has a syntax similar to MATLAB. * FreeMat, an open-source MATLAB-like environment with a GNU General Public License (GPL). * GNU Octave is a high-level programming language, intended for mainly numerical computing. It has a convenient command-line interface to solve linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and to perform other numerical experiments using a language that is compatible mostly with MATLAB. The 4.0 and newer releases of Octave include a GUI. Several independently developed Linux programs ( Cantor, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Enthought
Enthought, Inc. is a software company based in Austin, Texas, United States that develops Computational science, scientific and analytic computing solutions using primarily the Python (programming language), Python programming language. It is best known for the early development and maintenance of the SciPy library of mathematics, science, and engineering algorithms and for its Python for scientific computing distribution Enthought Canopy (formerly EPD). The company was founded in 2001 by Travis Vaught and Eric Jones. Open source software Enthought publishes a large portion of the code as open-source software under a BSD-style license. Enthought Canopy is a Python for scientific and analytic computing distribution and analysis environment, available for free and under a commercial license. The Enthought Tool Suite open source software projects include: * Traits: A manifest type definition library for Python that provides initialization, validation, delegation, notification, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Scientific Computing
Computational science, also known as scientific computing, technical computing or scientific computation (SC), is a division of science, and more specifically the Computer Sciences, which uses advanced computing capabilities to understand and solve complex physical problems. While this typically extends into computational specializations, this field of study includes: * Algorithms ( numerical and non-numerical): mathematical models, computational models, and computer simulations developed to solve sciences (e.g, physical, biological, and social), engineering, and humanities problems * Computer hardware that develops and optimizes the advanced system hardware, firmware, networking, and data management components needed to solve computationally demanding problems * The computing infrastructure that supports both the science and engineering problem solving and the developmental computer and information science In practical use, it is typically the application of computer simu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Python (programming Language)
Python is a high-level programming language, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is type system#DYNAMIC, dynamically type-checked and garbage collection (computer science), garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured programming, structured (particularly procedural programming, procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC (programming language), ABC programming language, and he first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Sparse Matrix
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition regarding the proportion of zero-value elements for a matrix to qualify as sparse but a common criterion is that the number of non-zero elements is roughly equal to the number of rows or columns. By contrast, if most of the elements are non-zero, the matrix is considered dense. The number of zero-valued elements divided by the total number of elements (e.g., ''m'' × ''n'' for an ''m'' × ''n'' matrix) is sometimes referred to as the sparsity of the matrix. Conceptually, sparsity corresponds to systems with few pairwise interactions. For example, consider a line of balls connected by springs from one to the next: this is a sparse system, as only adjacent balls are coupled. By contrast, if the same line of balls were to have springs connecting each ball to all other balls, the system would correspond to a dense matrix. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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K-means Clustering
''k''-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition of a set, partition ''n'' observations into ''k'' clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster (statistics), cluster with the nearest mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid), serving as a prototype of the cluster. This results in a partitioning of the data space into Voronoi cells. ''k''-means clustering minimizes within-cluster variances (squared Euclidean distances), but not regular Euclidean distances, which would be the more difficult Weber problem: the mean optimizes squared errors, whereas only the geometric median minimizes Euclidean distances. For instance, better Euclidean solutions can be found using k-medians clustering, ''k''-medians and k-medoids, ''k''-medoids. The problem is computationally difficult (NP-hardness, NP-hard); however, efficient heuristic algorithms converge quickly to a local optimum. These are usually similar to the ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Hierarchical Clustering
In data mining and statistics, hierarchical clustering (also called hierarchical cluster analysis or HCA) is a method of cluster analysis that seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters. Strategies for hierarchical clustering generally fall into two categories: * Agglomerative: Agglomerative: Agglomerative clustering, often referred to as a "bottom-up" approach, begins with each data point as an individual cluster. At each step, the algorithm merges the two most similar clusters based on a chosen distance metric (e.g., Euclidean distance) and linkage criterion (e.g., single-linkage, complete-linkage). This process continues until all data points are combined into a single cluster or a stopping criterion is met. Agglomerative methods are more commonly used due to their simplicity and computational efficiency for small to medium-sized datasets . * Divisive: Divisive clustering, known as a "top-down" approach, starts with all data points in a single cluster and recursively splits the clu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ordinary Differential Equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable (mathematics), variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) Function (mathematics), function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equation, ''partial'' differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations, ''stochastic'' differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random. Differential equations A linear differential equation is a differential equation that is defined by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives, that is an equation of the form :a_0(x)y +a_1(x)y' + a_2(x)y'' +\cdots +a_n(x)y^+b(x)=0, where a_0(x),\ldots,a_n(x) and b(x) are arbitrary differentiable functions that do not need to be linea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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K-d Tree
In computer science, a ''k''-d tree (short for ''k-dimensional tree'') is a space-partitioning data structure for organizing points in a ''k''-dimensional space. K-dimensional is that which concerns exactly k orthogonal axes or a space of any number of dimensions. ''k''-d trees are a useful data structure for several applications, such as: * Searches involving a multidimensional search key (e.g. range searches and nearest neighbor searches) & * Creating point clouds. ''k''-d trees are a special case of binary space partitioning trees. Description The ''k''-d tree is a binary tree in which ''every'' node is a ''k''-dimensional point. Every non-leaf node can be thought of as implicitly generating a splitting hyperplane that divides the space into two parts, known as half-spaces. Points to the left of this hyperplane are represented by the left subtree of that node and points to the right of the hyperplane are represented by the right subtree. The hyperplane direction is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Linear Algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as :a_1x_1+\cdots +a_nx_n=b, linear maps such as :(x_1, \ldots, x_n) \mapsto a_1x_1+\cdots +a_nx_n, and their representations in vector spaces and through matrix (mathematics), matrices. Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as line (geometry), lines, plane (geometry), planes and rotation (mathematics), rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to Space of functions, function spaces. Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows mathematical model, modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Vector Quantization
Vector quantization (VQ) is a classical quantization technique from signal processing that allows the modeling of probability density functions by the distribution of prototype vectors. Developed in the early 1980s by Robert M. Gray, it was originally used for data compression. It works by dividing a large set of points (vectors) into groups having approximately the same number of points closest to them. Each group is represented by its centroid point, as in k-means and some other clustering algorithms. In simpler terms, vector quantization chooses a set of points to represent a larger set of points. The density matching property of vector quantization is powerful, especially for identifying the density of large and high-dimensional data. Since data points are represented by the index of their closest centroid, commonly occurring data have low error, and rare data high error. This is why VQ is suitable for lossy data compression. It can also be used for lossy data correction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |