|
Schaereria Gresinonis
''Schaereria'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. Most ''Schaereria'' species are crustose lichens that live on rocks. ''Schaereria'' was first proposed by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855 and was later taken up by other lichenologists despite periods of disuse. Distinctive characteristics of species in the ''Schaereria'' genus include a crustose to squamulose thallus, ascomata (fruiting bodies) with a blackened ring and a blackish , and asci (spore-bearing cells) that lack (a thickened part of the inner wall near the tip). The secondary chemistry of the genus produces specific substances, including the pigment known as in '' Schaereria cinereorufa''. The genus, having a cosmopolitan distribution, primarily favours cold to cool climates of the Northern Hemisphere. However, certain species have been i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schaereria Fuscocinerea
''Schaereria fuscocinerea'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Schaereriaceae. It was first formally described in 1852 by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander, as ''Lecidea fusco-cinerea''. Georges Clauzade and Claude Roux transferred it to the genus '' Schaereria'' in 1985. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution and is found in both northern and southern hemispheres, where it grows on hard siliceous Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula , commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant ... rocks, often in arctic and mountainous areas. Similar species include '' Lambiella gyrizans'' and '' L. mullensis'', which can be distinguished from ''Schaereria fuscocinerea'' by microscopic and chemical characteristics. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10593631 Lecanoromycetes Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Metabolism
In biochemistry, secondary metabolism (also called specialized metabolism) is a term for pathways and small molecule products of metabolism that are involved in ecological interactions, but are not absolutely required for the survival of the organism. These molecules are sometimes produced by specialized cells, such as laticifers in plants. Secondary metabolites commonly mediate antagonistic interactions, such as competition and predation, as well as mutualistic ones such as pollination and resource mutualisms. Examples of secondary metabolites include antibiotics, pigments and scents. The opposite of secondary metabolites are primary metabolites, which are considered to be essential to the normal growth or development of an organism. Secondary metabolites are produced by many microbes, plants, fungi and animals, usually living in crowded habitats, where chemical defense represents a better option than physical escape. It is very hard to distinguish primary and secondary me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ropalospora Lugubris
''Ropalospora'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi, and the sole member of the monogeneric family Ropalosporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860. The family was proposed by Josef Hafellner Josef Hafellner (1951– ) is an Austrian mycologist and lichenologist. He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2016 for his lifetime contributions to lichenology. Before his retirement, he was a professor at the Karl-Franzens-Universität in Graz ... in 1984. Species *'' Ropalospora atroumbrina'' *'' Ropalospora caffra'' *'' Ropalospora chirisanensis'' *'' Ropalospora chlorantha'' *'' Ropalospora hibernica'' *'' Ropalospora lugubris'' *'' Ropalospora phaeoplaca'' *'' Ropalospora rossii'' *'' Ropalospora viridis'' References Umbilicariales Lichen genera Umbilicariales genera Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Taxa described in 1860 {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hannes Hertel
Hannes Hertel is a German lichenologist and taxonomist and was Director of the State Herbarium in Munich, Germany 1992–2004. His specialist areas are the fungi and lichens. Early life and education Hannes Hertel was born in 1939. His doctorate was awarded in 1967 for work on members of the lichen genus ''Lecidea'' that thrive on lime rich rocks and sites. This was undertaken under the guidance of Josef Poelt. Career He was appointed to an academic post at University of Berlin in 1972 but in 1973 he moved to Munich to take up the post of curator at the State Herbarium in Munich. He became the provisional director from 1985 to 1992 and was then confirmed as Director and remained until his retirement in 2004. His specialist area was the taxonomy of lichens, and especially the genus ''Lecidea'' that he had first studied for his doctorate. He and students that he supervised brought order and a critical review of the 1000 accepted and 4000 published names within the genus in the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. For example, if we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species across 280 genera, exhibit a wide range of ecological strategies, including parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. They can be found in diverse environments worldwide, from tropical to polar regions, and play important roles in lichen ecology and biodiversity. Lichenicolous fungi are classified into several taxonomic groups, with the majority belonging to the Ascomycota and a smaller portion to the Basidiomycota. Their interactions with host lichens range from mild parasitism to severe pathogenicity, sometimes causing significant damage to lichen communities. While the study of lichenicolous fungi dates back to the mid-18th century, recent decades have seen significant advancements through modern research methods, including molecular techniques, metagenomics, and sophisticated imaging. These fungi show vary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epiphytic Fungus
An epiphytic fungus is a fungus that grows upon, or attached to, a living plant. The term epiphytic derives from the Greek ''epi-'' (meaning 'upon') and ''phyton'' (meaning 'plant'). Examples Many examples of epiphytic microorganisms exist. The ergoline alkaloids found in ''Convolvulaceae'' are produced by a seed-transmitted epiphytic clavicipitaceous fungus . See also * Foliicolous, lichens or bryophytes that grow on leaves * Epiphyte * Endosymbiont * Epilith, an organism that grows in a rock * Epibiont, an organism that grows on another life form * Epiphytic bacteria * Mycorrhiza A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play ... References Mycology {{mycology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siliceous Rock
Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent. The most common siliceous rock is chert; other types include diatomite. They commonly form from silica-secreting organisms such as radiolarians, diatoms, or some types of sponges Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the animal phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), a basal clade and a sister taxon of the diploblasts. They are sessile filter feeders that are bound to the seabed, and ar .... References Sedimentary rocks {{sedimentary-rock-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south, respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean; to the state's north is the Torres Strait, separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north-west. With an area of , Queensland is the world's List of country subdivisions by area, sixth-largest subnational entity; it List of countries and dependencies by area, is larger than all but 16 countries. Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, and include tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges and white sandy beaches in its Tropical climate, tropical and Humid subtropical climate, sub-tropical c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polar Regions Of Earth
The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles. These high latitudes are dominated by floating sea ice covering much of the Arctic Ocean in the north, and by the Antarctic ice sheet on the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the south. Definitions The Arctic has various definitions, including the region north of the Arctic Circle (currently Epoch 2010 at 66°33'44" N), or just the region north of 60° north latitude, or the region from the North Pole south to the timberline. The Antarctic is usually defined simply as south of 60° south latitude, or the continent of Antarctica. The 1959 Antarctic Treaty uses the former definition. The two polar regions are distinguished from the other two climatic and biometric belts of Earth, a tropics belt near the equator, and two middle latitude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined by humans as being in the same celestial sphere, celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the Solar System as Earth's North Pole. Due to Earth's axial tilt of 23.439281°, there is a seasonal variation in the lengths of the day and night. There is also a seasonal variation in temperatures, which lags the variation in day and night. Conventionally, winter in the Northern Hemisphere is taken as the period from the December solstice (typically December 21 UTC) to the March equinox (typically March 20 UTC), while summer is taken as the period from the June solstice through to the September equinox (typically on 23 September UTC). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the Year#Astronomical years, astronomical year. Within the Northern Hemisphere, oceanic currents can change the weather patterns that aff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
