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Saulė Society
Saulė Society (; "saulė" means ''sun'') was a Catholic educational society active in Lithuania from 1906 to 1940. It organized and maintained Lithuanian-language schools in the Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire, and later interwar Lithuania. The society organized local primary schools, evening courses for adults, libraries and reading rooms, kindergartens. From 1907 to 1914, the society established about 62 primary schools and adult courses. It also organized teachers' courses that grew into Saulė Teachers' Seminary and bookkeeping courses. Several schools were evacuated to Voronezh where the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers organized Lithuanian schools in Voronezh, a number of Lithuanian schools. Saulė Society was able to organize more middle and secondary schools during the German occupation during World War I. In 1919, Saulė maintained ten gymnasiums and progymasiums that had about 1,600 students. The role of the society diminished after Lithuania regained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kovno Governorate
Kovno Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Kovno (Kaunas). It was formed on 18 December 1842 by Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I from the western part of Vilna Governorate, and the order was carried out on 1 July 1843. It was part of the Vilna Governorate-General and Northwestern Krai. The governorate included almost the entire Lithuanian region of Samogitia and the northern part of Aukštaitija. Counties The governorate was divided into seven uyezds: Notes References Further reading * * Kovno Governorate, Governorates of the Russian Empire History of Kaunas Historical regions in Lithuania 1843 establishments in the Russian Empire {{Russia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maironis
Maironis (born Jonas Mačiulis, ; – 28 June 1932) was a Lithuanians, Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest and the greatest and most-known Lithuanian poet, especially of the period of the Lithuanian press ban. He was called the Bard of Lithuanian National Revival (). Maironis was active in public life. However, the Lithuanian literary historian Juozas Brazaitis writes that Maironis was not. In his poetry, he expressed the national aspirations of the Lithuanian National Revival and was highly influential in Lithuanian society and poetry. The Maironian School of thought, school in Lithuanian literature was named after him. Life Early years Jonas Mačiulis was born on in manor, , , in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was almost wholly annexed by the Russian Empire during the Partitions of Poland, Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Maironis' parents were free peasants who maintained close relations with the polonized Lithuanian nobility. Such a social e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Švėkšna
Švėkšna is a town in the Šilutė District municipality, 21 km northeast of Šilutė, Lithuania. It is the administrative center of Švėkšna Eldership. There are 29 streets in the town. In the western part of the town flows the river . There is a mental hospital in the town, as well as a health care centre, pharmacy, "Saulės" secondary school, affiliates of music and art schools of Šilutė, kindergarten, recreation center, library, museum, 2 churches, the renovated synagogue, the parish's nursing home, the planning department, a post office, police station and fire house. History Švėkšna has been mentioned since the 14th century. Supposedly, the settlement could have been established after the Treaty of Melno in 1422, when the danger of the Teutonic Knights had declined. On March 8, 1503, Švėkšna was mentioned in the act of Linkuva church's foundation and subsidy. In 1509, Švėkšna belonged to Stanislovas Kęsgaila, the Elder of Samogitia. In 19th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rokiškis
Rokiškis () is a list of cities in Lithuania, city in northeastern Lithuania, close to the Latvia–Lithuania border, with a population of 11,606 (2023). The city is a capital of the Rokiškis District Municipality with a population of 28,715 (2021). It is governed by the Rokiškis City Eldership. The city center (Rokiškis Old Town) formed in the late 18th century when Rokiškis was ruled by Tyzenhauz family. The Rokiškis Manor and the Church of St. Matthew, Rokiškis, Church of St. Matthew are valuable examples of the 19th century architecture in Lithuania and a central pedestrian road through the Independence Square and Tyzenhauzų St. connect the Church with the Manor's Palace. The Laukupė River is flowing through the city. History The legend of the founding of Rokiškis tells about a hunter called Rokas who had been hunting for Hare, hares (Lithuanian language, Lit. "kiškis"). However, cities ending in "-kiškis" are quite popular in the region. The Rokiškis Manor was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramygala
Ramygala (, literally "quiet end") is a town in Lithuania. It is located some south from Panevėžys on the banks of the Upytė River, a tributary to the Nevėžis River. According to 2017 estimate, it had 1,440 residents. Etymology The name Ramygala probably originally meant "quiet end, quiet place", since its name consists of two syllables: (from - "quiet, noiseless, cozy") and ("edge, region, area") . A less likely version is that the place name comes from the personal name Ramys (e.g. like or Ariogala), but such a personal name does not exist anymore. History The name of Ramygala has been mentioned in historical sources since the 13th century as . In 1370, the place suffered from the Teutonic Knight attack. Before 1492 (according to other sources, 1431-1500), the first church in Ramygala was built. The town itself was mentioned in 1503. The county of Ramygala is mentioned in 1525, while the Ramygala Manor is mentioned in 1540, and at the end of the 16th century the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kražiai
Kražiai (; ; ) is a historic town (Lithuania), town in Lithuania, located in the Kelmė district municipality, between Varniai (32 km) and Raseiniai (44 km), on the River. The old town of Kražiai is an archeological and urban monument. History The population in 1959 was 998; ca. 2,000 in 1939; 1,761 in 1897. The town has a secondary school and is a rural community centre. Under the prewar Republic of Lithuania, Kražiai was the township seat of the county of Raseiniai. After World War II it was assigned to the Soviet administrative district of Kelmė. Kražiai is one of the older settlements in Samogitia. Many barrow graves and fortress hills are located in its vicinity. The name of the locality is first mentioned (as ''Crase'') in a 1257 document of King Mindaugas, by which a part of Samogitia was assigned to the Teutonic Order. Vytautas the Great during his first years of rule ceded Samogitia to the Order; the regent he appointed lived in Kražiai. After the Battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurbarkas
Jurbarkas (; Samogitian: ''Jorbarks'', known also by several alternative names) is a city in Tauragė County, in Samogitia, Lithuania. Jurbarkas is located in the historic land of Karšuva. It is on the right-hand shore of the Nemunas at its confluence with the tributaries Mituva and Imsrė. The town became an important road junction after a bridge was built over the Nemunas in 1978. Etymology The name Jurbarkas is derived from the Ordensburg castle, ''Georgenburg'', built in the 13th century. Jurbarkas has also been known by many derivate spellings in various languages throughout its history. The most notable non-Lithuanian names for the city include: in Samogitian ''Jorbarks'', in German ''Georgenburg'', ''Jurgenburg'', and ''Eurburg'', in Polish, ''Jurbork'', and in Yiddish יורבורג (''Yurburg''). History Although Jurbarkas is said to have been a seat of Lithuanian princes from the Palemonids legend, it was first documented in 1259 as the Teutonic Knight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biržai
Biržai (, also known by several alternative names) is a city in northern Lithuania. Famous for its reconstructed Biržai Castle manor, the whole region is renowned for its many traditional-recipe beer breweries. Name The exact origin of the city name is not known, but it is derived from the Lithuanian word (which means ''birch''). The name of the city in other languages includes ; , (and pre-1917 ); . It is simplified to ''Birzai'' in English. History The city's first written mention dates to 1455. The construction of Biržai Castle began in 1586, and the town was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1589. In 1575, as preparation for the castle's construction, a dam was built at the confluence of the Agluona and Apaščia Rivers, and the artificial Lake Širvėna, covering about , was created. It is the oldest surviving artificial lake in Lithuania. The town's history is closely associated with the Radziwiłł family (Lithuanian: Radvila). Jerzy Radziwiłł was the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ober Ost
The Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (), also known by its German abbreviation as , was both a high-ranking position in the armed forces of the German Empire as well as the name given to the occupied territories on the German section of the Eastern Front of World War I, with the exception of Poland. It encompassed the former Russian governorates of Courland, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno and Suwałki. It was governed in succession by Paul von Hindenburg and Prince Leopold of Bavaria. It was abandoned after the end of World War I. Extension was set up by Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1914, initially under the command of Paul von Hindenburg, a Prussian general who had come out of retirement to achieve the German victory of the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914 and became a national hero. When the Chief of the General Staff Erich von Falkenhayn was dismissed from office by the Kaiser in August 1916, Hindenburg took over at the General Staff, and Prince Leopold o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juozas Balčikonis Gymnasium
Juozas Balčikonis Gymnasium () is a secondary state school located in Panevėžys, Lithuania. Teaching started in 1727, however, school reorganised to gymnasium in 1858, making it the oldest gymnasium type school in Lithuania. Juozo Balčikonio gimnazija is always one of the top-ranked institutions in the Lithuania for the high quality of its teaching, long lasting traditions and notable alumni. History of names *School of Piarists – 1727-1832 *School of Gentries – 1841-1865 *Realschool – 1882-1915 *Panevėžys Gymnasium – 1915-1949 *Secondary School No. 1 – 1949-1970 *Juozas Balčikonis Gymnasium – 1970-current Notable alumni Ministers and prime ministers * Antanaitis Vaidotas * Birulis Kostas * Jankevičius Juozas * Juodakis Petras * Masiliūnas Jonas * Šakenis Konstantinas * Juozas Urbšys * Jonas Černius * Gintautas Paluckas, PM Diplomats * Stasys Antanas Bačkis * Jasinevičius Raimundas * Morkvėnas Rimantas * Juozas Urbšys * Klevečka Rimutis Publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saliamonas Banaitis
Saliamonas Banaitis (; 15 July 1866 – 4 May 1933) was a Lithuanian printer, politician, and businessman. He was one of the twenty signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania in 1918. Early death of his father and brother forced Banaitis to quit school in order to work at his family's farm. Despite lack of higher education, he joined Lithuanian cultural life – smuggled banned Lithuanian press, assisted Vincas Kudirka with the publication of Lithuanian-language newspapers ''Varpas'' and ''Ūkininkas'', participated in the Great Seimas of Vilnius. In 1905, he moved to Kaunas and established the first Lithuanian printing press in the city. In close cooperation with the Society of Saint Casimir, his press published almost 400 books and ten periodicals. He founded a credit union in 1911. Banaitis was particularly active during World War I. He established the first Lithuanian gymnasium as well as 12 primary schools in Kaunas, organized an ensemble of kanklės players, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astravas Manor
Astravas Manor is a manor house, manor in the Biržai suburb of Astravas, Lithuania. History Radziwiłł Family In the mid 16th century, the Biržai area became a Duchy and the centre of territories belonging to a branch of the influential Radziwiłł family. Michał Tyszkiewicz (1761–1839) In 1811 Duke Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł sold the Biržai lands to Michał Tyszkiewicz (1761–1839), Count Michał Tyszkiewicz for 450,000 silver rubles. The approval of the purchase and sale agreement was hindered by the fact that other descendants of the Radziwiłł family made claims, as well as by the fact that Count Michał Tyszkiewicz led a Lithuanian regiment fighting in Napoleon, Napoleon's army. It took 33 years of litigation before, in 1844, Nicholas I of Russia, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia recognized the Duchy of Biržai as the possession of Michał Tyszkiewicz's son Jan Tyszkiewicz. Jan Tyszkiewicz (1801-1862) As Biržai Castle was uninhabitable, the Tyszkiewicz fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
