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Sarvodaya
Sarvōdaya ( ''wikt:सर्व, sarv-'' "all", ''wikt:उदय, uday'' "rising") is a Sanskrit term which generally means "universal uplift" or "progress of all". The term was used by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin, John Ruskin's critique of political economy, ''Unto This Last'', and Gandhi came to use the term for the ideal of his own political philosophy. Later Gandhians, like the Indian nonviolence activist Vinoba Bhave, embraced the term as a name for the social movement in post-independence India which strove to ensure that self-determination and equality reached all strata of Indian society. Samantabhadra (Jain monk), Samantabhadra, an illustrious Digambara monk, as early as the 2nd century A.D., called the ''tīrtha'' of ''Mahāvīra'' (24th Tirthankara) by the name ''sarvodaya''. Origins and Gandhi's political ideal Gandhi received a copy of Ruskin's ''Unto This Last'' from a British friend, Mr. Henry Pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaya Prakash Narayan
Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), also known as JP and ''Lok Nayak'' (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist and Indian independence activist, independence activist. He is mainly remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for her overthrow in a "Bihar Movement, total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award for public service in 1965. Early life Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902 in the village of Sitab Diara, Chhapra district, Bengal Presidency, British Raj, British India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).The village, Sitabdiara, where J.P. was born is situated beside the confluence of the river Ghaghra with the Ganga, and its site has been changing with changes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravishankar Maharaj
Ravishankar Vyas, better known as Ravishankar Maharaj, was an Indian independence activist, social worker and Gandhian from Gujarat. Life Ravishankar Vyas was born on 25 February 1884, Mahashivaratri, in Radhu village (now in Kheda district, Gujarat, India) to Pitambar Sivram Vyas and Nathiba, a Vadara Brahmin peasant family. His family was native of Sarsavani village near Mahemdavad. He dropped out after the sixth standard to help his parents in agriculture work. He married Surajba. His father died when he was 19 and his mother died when he was 22. He was influenced by Arya Samaj philosophy. He met Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 and joined his independence and social activism. He was one of the earliest and closest associates of Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and along with Darbar Gopaldas Desai, Narhari Parikh and Mohanlal Pandya, the chief organizer of nationalist revolts in Gujarat in the 1920s and 1930s. He worked for years for rehabilitation of Baraiya Koli and Pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinoba Bhave
Vinayak Narahar Bhave, also known as Vinoba Bhave (; 11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982), was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called ''Acharya'' (Teacher in Sanskrit), he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement. He is considered as National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. He was an eminent philosopher. He translated the Bhagavad Gita into the Marathi language by him with the title ''Geetai'' (meaning 'Mother Gīta' in Marathi language, Marathi). Early life and background Vinayak Narahar Bhave was born on 11 September 1895 in a small village called Gagoji (present-day Gagode Budruk) in Raigad district, Kolaba in the Konkan region of what is now Maharashtra. Vinayaka was the eldest son of Narahar Shambhu Rao and Rukmani Devi. The couple had five children; four sons named Vinayaka (affectionately called Vinya), Balakrishna, Shivaji and Dattatreya, and one daughter Shanti. His father was a trained weaver with a modern ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charu Chandra Bhandari
Charu Chandra Bhandari (19 October 1896 – 24 June 1985) was a independence activist, Lawyer, Gandhian and a leader of the Sarvodaya Movement. He was the chief propagator of the Sarvodaya movement in Bengal as a close associate of Acharya Vinoba Bhave and took an active part in the Bhoodan movement. Birth and early life Charu Chandra Bhandari was born on 19 October 1896 in Shyambasur Chak village in an affluent Bengali Mahishya family to Jogendranath Bhandari and Sailabala Debi under Kulpi police station in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas, British India (present day West Bengal, India). His schooling was from Hatuganj high school and subsequently he completed his I.A from Ashutosh College and B.A from Ripon College, Calcutta. Thereafter, he completed his M.A in Economics and also, LLB from the University of Calcutta. He was a lawyer by profession. Activities When the Salt Satyagraha movement started across the country in 1930, Charuchandra Bhandari led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhoodan
The Bhoodan movement (Land Gift movement), also known as the Bloodless Revolution, was a voluntary land reform movement in India. It was initiated by Gandhian Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village, Pochampally. The Bhoodan movement attempted to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily give a percentage of their land to landless people. Bhave drew philosophical inspiration from the Sarvodaya movement and Gram Swarajya. Method Landless laborers were given small plots on which they could settle and grow their crops. This Act was passed so that the beneficiary had no right to sell the land or use it for non-agricultural purposes or forestry. For example, Section 25 of the Maharashtra State Bhoodan Act states that the beneficiary (who must be landless) should only use the land for subsistence cultivation. If the "owner" failed to cultivate the land for over a year or tried to use it for non-agriculture activities, the government would have the right to confiscate it. Bhav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swaraj
Swarāj (, IAST: , ) can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule". The term was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mahatma Gandhi, but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept of Indian independence from foreign domination. Swaraj lays stress on governance, not by a hierarchical government, but by self-governance through individuals and community building. The focus is on political decentralisation. Since this is against the political and social systems followed by Britain, Gandhi's concept of Swaraj advocated India's discarding British political, economic, bureaucratic, legal, military, and educational institutions. S. Satyamurti, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru were among a contrasting group of Swarajists who laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy in India. Although Gandhi's aim of totally implementing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dada Dharmadhikari
Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari (18 June 1899 – 1 December 1985; ), better known as Dada Dharmadhikari, was an Indian freedom fighter, and a leader of social reform movements in India. He was a strong adherent of Mahatma Gandhi's principles. His eldest daughter (Usha) was married to Adv. G Y Tamaskar of Bemetara, now in Chhattisgarh. His second child, son by name Pradyumna was also a freedom fighter and lived life as a common man. His third child, a son by name Yashwanth Shankar Dharmadhikari served as the Advocate-general of Madhya Pradesh and his youngest son Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari served as judge of Bombay High Court. He died in Sevagram, Wardha on 1 December 1985. Early life and work Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari was born on 18 June 1899 at Madhya Pradesh, in the district of Betul. He studied at Indore Christian College and afterwards studied at Morris College in Nagpur. He also studied Adi Shankaracharya's vedantic works for about a year. He left in the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonviolence
Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to others under any condition. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosophy of abstention from violence. It may be based on moral, Religion, religious or spiritual principles, or the reasons for it may be strategy, strategic or pragmatic ethics, pragmatic. Failure to distinguish between the two types of nonviolent approaches can lead to distortion in the concept's meaning and effectiveness, which can subsequently result in confusion among the audience. Although both principled and pragmatic nonviolent approaches preach for nonviolence, they may have distinct motives, goals, philosophies, and techniques. However, rather than debating the best practice between the two approaches, both can indicate alternative paths for those who do not want to use violence. Nonviolence has "active" or "activist" elements, in that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unto This Last
''Unto This Last'' is an essay critical of economics by John Ruskin, who published the first chapter between August and December 1860 in the monthly journal ''Cornhill Magazine'' in four articles. Its stated aim is to define wealth and show that the acquisition of wealth is only possible in a society that values honesty. Title The title is a quotation from the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard: The "last" are the eleventh hour labourers, who are paid as if they had worked the entire day. Rather than discuss the contemporary religious interpretation of the parable, whereby the eleventh hour labourers would be death-bed converts, or the peoples of the world who come late to religion, Ruskin looks at the social and economic implications, discussing issues such as who should receive a living wage. This essay is very critical of the economists of the 18th and 19th centuries. In this sense, Ruskin is a precursor of social economy. Because the essay also attacks the destructive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Ruskin
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English polymath a writer, lecturer, art historian, art critic, draughtsman and philanthropist of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as art, architecture, Critique of political economy, political economy, education, museology, geology, botany, ornithology, literature, history, and myth. Ruskin's writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He wrote essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even The King of the Golden River, a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, architectural structures and ornamentation. The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. Ruskin was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dignity Of Labor
The dignity of labour or the dignity of work is the philosophical holding that all types of jobs are respected equally, and no occupation is considered superior and none of the jobs should be discriminated on any basis. This view holds that all types of work (jobs) are necessary in a society and it is absolutely wrong to consider any work good or bad: the work itself is a dignity. Scottish philosopher Thomas Carlyle has been cited as "the first to espouse the 'dignity of work'". In '' Past and Present'' (1843), he wrote: Labour is Life: from the inmost heart of the Worker rises his god-given Force, the sacred celestial Life-essence breathed into him by Almighty God; from his inmost heart awakens him to all nobleness,—to all knowledge, 'self-knowledge' and much else, so soon as Work fitly begins. Former U.S. President Joe Biden made restoring "the dignity of work" a central tenet of his 2020 campaign and administration. About Social reformers such as Basava and his contempo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
