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Sarcocystidae
The Sarcocystidae are a family of Apicomplexa associated with a variety of diseases in humans and other animals. Taxonomy Genera in this family include: * '' Besnoitia'' * '' Cystoisospora'' * '' Frenkelia'' * '' Nephroisospora'' * '' Neospora'' * ''Sarcocystis'' * ''Toxoplasma ''Toxoplasma gondii'' () is a species of parasitic alveolate that causes toxoplasmosis. Found worldwide, ''T. gondii'' is capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals, but members of the cat family (felidae) are the only known d ...'' Evolution The genera ''Neospora'' and ''Toxoplasma'' appear to have diverged about . References External links Overview at webends.com* Genes Apicomplexa families {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaloklossia
''Hyaloklossia'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Only two species in this genus are currently recognised. History ''Hyaloklossia lieberkuehni'' (type species) was first observed by Lieberkuhn in 1854 within the renal cortex of a frog of the genus ''Rana''. Labbe in 1894 initially named this species ''Klossia lieberkuehni''. Labbe in 1896 moved this species to a new genus ''Hyaloklossia''. Laveran and Mesnil in 1902 and Minchin in 1903 moved this species into the genus ''Diplospora'' Labbe 1893. It was moved again into the genus '' Isospora'' by Noller in 1923. The species was replaced in the genus ''Hyaloklossia'' by Modry ''et al.'' in 2001. Description There are two sporocysts within the oocysts. The oocysts have a thin, elastic, relatively fragile wall. The sporocysts are tetrazoic. The sporocyst wall is composed of plates joined by sutures and Stieda and substieda bodies are absent. The life cycle is homoxenous. Endogenous development ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frenkelia
''Frenkelia'' is a genus of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. The species in this genus infect the gastrointestinal tracts of birds of prey (definitive hosts) and the tissues of small rodents (intermediate hosts). Taxonomy Species of this genus share antigens with ''Sarcocystis''. DNA studies suggest that this genus should be merged with ''Sarcocystis''. Despite several recommendations, abolition of this genus has not yet been approved. Lifecycle The parasites undergo sexual reproduction in the gut of the definitive host — a bird of prey. They form cysts and are then eaten by a small rodent. Within the gut of the rodent, the parasites decyst. They invade the intestinal wall and are carried to the liver. They undergo schizogony in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. They then invade the nervous tissue of the rodent host, forming cystic structures. The infected rodent is then eaten by a bird, when the tissue cysts are digested, releasing the parasites. The parasites invade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystoisospora
''Cystoisospora'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Taxonomy This genus was originally created by J. K. Frenkel in 1977. Its use was discontinued but was resurrected in 2005. This genus currently includes species that have oocysts containing two sporocysts with four sporozoites in each without Stieda bodies. These species infect the enterocytes of mammals and are transmitted by the orofaecal route. DNA analysis has shown that this genus belongs to the family ''Sarcocystidae''. The type species of this genus is '' Cystoisospora felis''. Life cycle This parasite has been isolated from dogs, cats and raccoons. ''C. belli'' has been isolated from immunosuppressed humans — particularly those with HIV infection. These parasites normally infect the enterocytes of the small intestine and are spread by the orofaecal route. The definitive hosts are cats but other species including various species of rodents may be infected. No further development ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammondia
''Hammondia'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. History This genus was created in 1975. Before this date the species of this genus were confused with ''Toxoplasma gondii'' to which they are closely related. The canid Canidae (; from Latin, ''canis'', "dog") is a family (biology), biological family of caniform carnivorans, constituting a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). The family includes three subfamily, subfamilies: the Caninae, a ...-infecting species, ''H. heydorni'' and ''H. triffittae'', have been split into new genus '' Heydornia'' based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis. Life cycle The species in this genus have two vertebrate hosts in their life cycle: a felid (the definitive host) and prey species (the intermediate host), which vary and depend on the local fauna but include mice, deer and others. In the gastrointestinal tract of the definitive host the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction, forms a zygo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephroisospora
''Nephroisospora'' is a genus of parasites that infects bats History This genus was described in 2010 by Wünschmann ''et al''. Taxonomy There is one recognised species in this genus — ''Nephroisospora eptesici''. Description This genus infects the kidneys of brown bats ('' Eptesicus fuscus''). The host reaction is usually generally mild, focal or multifocal and consists of well demarcated cortical renal lesion less than 1 millimeter in diameter. Histologically these lesions are cystic, dilated tubules with hypertrophied tubular epithelial cells. The protozoa develop in the tubular epithelial cells and within the lumen of the cysts that develop as a response to infection. The oocysts are thin walled, sporulated and ellipsoidal measuring an average of 18.9 x 20.8 micrometers. Each oocysts contains 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoite Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcocystis
''Sarcocystis'' is a genus of protozoan parasites, with many species infecting mammals, reptiles and birds. Its name is derived from Greek language, Greek ''sarx'' = flesh and ''kystis'' = bladder. The lifecycle of a typical member of this genus involves two host species, a definitive host and an intermediate host. Often, the definitive host is a predator and the intermediate host is its prey. The parasite reproduces sexually in the gut of the definitive host, is passed with the feces, and ingested by the intermediate host. There, it eventually enters muscle tissue. When the intermediate host is eaten by the definitive host, the cycle is completed. The definitive host usually does not show any symptoms of infection, but the intermediate host does. About 130 recognized species are in this genus. Revision of the taxonomy of the genus is ongoing, and all the currently recognized species may be a much smaller number of species that can infect multiple hosts. History The organism w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besnoitia Besnoiti
''Besnoitia besnoiti'' is an apicomplexan protozoa Protozoa (: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris. Historically ...n parasite, closely related to ''Toxoplasma gondii'' and ''Neospora caninum,''''.'' It is part of a larger genus ''Besnoitia, Besnoiti'' affecting multiple animal species, but ''Besnoita besnoiti, can affect livestock. and more'' specifically cattle as intermediate host, although some specific Antibody, antibodies have been found in roe deer and red deer. The biological cycle of the parasite remains unknown, it is suggested however that a carnivore, or more specifically the red fox, might be the Host (biology), definitive host. Geographical area The origin of the disease seems to be difficult to specify, as there has been little attention to it until the end of the 20th century. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
