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Sarakhsi
Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abi Sahl Abu Bakr al-Sarakhsi (), was a Persian jurist and also an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school of thought. He was traditionally known as Shams al-A'imma (; ).Norman Calder, Jawid Ahmad Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin, ed. and tr., ''Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 210. He is an influential jurist in the Hanafi school where the tradition is reported to have been that: "when in doubt, follow Sarakhsi".Al-Sarakhsi, ''Money Exchange, Loans, and Riba: A translation of Kitab al-Sarf from Kitab al-Mabsut'', translated by Imran Ahsan Khan Nyazee, Advanced Legal Studies Institute, Islamabad, 2018. Both Al-Kasani and Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, in their flagship fiqh books of ''Bada'i' al-Sana'i''' and '' Al-Hidaya'', have extensively drawn upon the discussions and legal reasonings presented in al-Sarakhsi's ''Al-Mabsut'' and ''Usul al-Sarakhsi''. The Indian Muslim scholar of the 19th century, Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanafi
The Hanafi school or Hanafism is the oldest and largest Madhhab, school of Islamic jurisprudence out of the four schools within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the Faqīh, jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa (), who systemised the use of reasoning (). Hanafi legal theory primarily derives law from the Quran, the sayings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah''), scholarly consensus () and analogical reasoning (), but also considers juristic discretion () and local customs (). It is distinctive in its greater usage of ''qiyas'' than other schools. The school spread throughout the Muslim world under the patronage of various Islamic empires, including the Abbasids and Seljuk Empire, Seljuks. The Central Asian region of Transoxiana emerged as a centre of classical Hanafi scholarship between the 10th and 12th centuries, which gave rise to the Maturidi school of theology. The Ottoman Empire adopted Hanafism as its official school of law and influenced the legal thought of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarakhs
Sarakhs () is a city in the Central District (Sarakhs County), Central District of Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan province, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Sarakhs was once a stopping point along the Silk Road, and in its 11th century heyday had many libraries. Much of the original city site is now just across the border at Serakhs in Turkmenistan. History Pre-Islamic Sarakhs lies in the historical region of Greater Khorasan, an area that was significant under Parthian Empire, Parthian and Sasanian Empire, Sassanian rule. According to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh the town has existed since the Afrasiab period and was named for its builder, Sarakhs, son of Godarz, by Keykavus.The surrounding oasis has been inhabited since 2nd millennium BCE and Turkmen historians consider the city to have been founded in 507 BCE. Although this is considered to be a somewhat arbitrary choice of date, the section of the city called Sarahs that' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burhan Al-Din Al-Marghinani
Burhān al-Dīn Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī bin Abī Bakr bin ‘Abd al-Jalīl al-Farghānī al-Marghīnānī () (1135-1197) was an Islamic scholar of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. He was born to an Arab family whose lineage goes back to Caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. He was born in Marghinan near Farghana (in present day Uzbekistan). He died in 1197 (593 AH). He is best known as the author of '' al-Hidayah'', which is considered to be one of the most influential compendia of Hanafi jurisprudence (''fiqh''). Sheikh Muhammad Abd al-Hayy al-Laknawi mentioned in the book al-Fawa’id al-Bahiyyah, saying: And know that they divided our Hanafi companions into six classes, and the fourth: the class of those with preferential judgment, such as Burhan al-Din al-Marginani, who are able to prefer some narrations over others. Some with good knowledge. Life Al-Marghanini performed the Hajj and visited Medina in the year 544 AH. He was thought to have died on the 14th of Dhu'l-Hijjah in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kasani
'Ala' al-Din al-Kasani (), known as Al-Kasani or al-Kashani, was a 12th Century Sunni Muslim Jurist who became an influential figure of the Hanafi Madh'hab, school of Sunni jurisprudence, which has remained the most widely practiced law school in the Sunni tradition. He was nicknamed Malik al-'Ulama' ("King of the Scholars"). His major work entitled Bada'i' al-Sana'i' fi Tartib al-Shara'i' () is one of the most important Islamic legal manuals of the Hanafi tradition. Life Early life and marriage Al-Kāsānī came from the place of Kāsān (Kasansay, Kosonsoy) in the Ferghana and was a student of the Hanafi legal scholar 'Ala' al-Din al-Samarqandi (died 1144), who gave him his daughter Fatima al-Samarqandi, who was trained in fiqh, as a wife. As a bridal gift he was to gift her a commentary on the legal compendium of her father, Tuḥfat al-fuqahā. The book, Bada'i As-Sana'i, was accepted as a dowry. Career At an unknown date, he emigrated to Asia Minor, where he worked a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Abidin
Ibn 'Abidin (; full name: ''Muḥammad Amīn ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Aḥmad in ʿAbd ar-Raḥīm ibn Najmuddīn ibn Muḥammad Ṣalāḥuddīn al-Shāmī'', died 1836 CE / AH 1252), known in the Indian subcontinent as al-Shami, was an Islamic scholar and Jurist who lived in the city of Damascus in Syria during the Ottoman era. He was the authority of the fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) of the Hanafi madhhab (school of law). He was a state employee with the title of Amin al-fatwa. This meant that he was the mufti that people would go to when they had legal questions in Damascus. He composed over 50 works consisting of a major fatwa (legal statement) collection, many treatises, poems, and several commentaries on the works of others.an-Nubala (2011) His most famous work was the '' Radd al-Muhtar 'ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar''. This is still considered the authoritative text of Hanafi fiqh today. Childhood Ibn Abidin was born in Damascus in 1784. His family came from a lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principles Of Islamic Jurisprudence
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence () are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (''sharia''). Traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence elaborates how the scriptures (Quran and hadith) should be interpreted from the standpoint of linguistics and rhetoric. It also comprises methods for establishing authenticity of hadith and for determining when the legal force of a scriptural passage is abrogated by a passage revealed at a later date. In addition to the Quran and hadith, the classical theory of Sunni jurisprudence recognizes secondary sources of law: juristic consensus ('' ijmaʿ'') and analogical reasoning ('' qiyas''). It therefore studies the application and limits of analogy, as well as the value and limits of consensus, along with other methodological principles, some of which are accepted by only certain legal schools ('' madhahib''). This interpretive apparatus is brought together under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Bazdawi
Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Muhammad al-Bazdawi () (c. 1010-1089 A.D.), known with the honorific title of ''Fakhr al-Islam'' (the pride of Islam), was a leading Hanafi scholar in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence. He is author of the acclaimed ''Kanz al-Wusul ila Ma'refat al-Usul'' (), popularly known as ''Usul al-Bazdawi'', a seminal work in Hanafi Usul al-Fiqh. 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Abi al-Wafa' al-Qurashi (d. 775/1373) has praised him in his Hanafi biographical dictionary, ''Al-Jawahir al-Mudiyya fi Tabaqat al-Hanafiyya'' (). Works His most famous book is ''Kanz al-Wusul ila Ma'refat al-Usul'' (), popularly known as ''Usul al-Bazdawi'', which is a seminal book in Hanafi Usul al-Fiqh and was a standard teaching text for centuries.Hanif, Sohail, 2019, "Al-Hadith al-Mashhur: A Hanafi Reference to Kufan Practice?", in ''Locating the Shari'a: Legal Fluidity in Theory, History and Practice'' by Sohaira Siddiqui (ed.), Brill Publications, Leiden, 2019. In this work, he focuses on issues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Barakat Al-Nasafi
Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (), was an eminent Hanafi scholar, Qur'an exegete (mufassir), and a Maturidi theologian. He is perhaps best known for his Tafsir ''Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqa'iq al-Ta'wil'' (). He was one of the foremost figures of the classical period of Hanafi jurisprudence and one of the major scholars of the Maturidi school in the Sunni tradition, which developed in parallel with Hanafiyya, who made a tremendous contribution in the field of Islamic sciences in Central Asia, especially to the dissemination of the Hanafian order and teachings of the Maturidi school in the Islamic world and left a great amount of scientific heritage. He successfully worked in different branches of Islamic studies such as tafsir, fiqh and kalam. For his contribution to Islamic sciences he was given an honorable title of "Hafiz al-Din" (Protector of the Religion). He was praised by 'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi, and Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani described him as the " 'Allamah of the World", and Ib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopaedia Of Islam
The ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (''EI'') is a reference work that facilitates the Islamic studies, academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill Publishers, Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Muslim world, Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007. Content According to Brill, the ''EI'' includes "articles on distinguished Muslims of every age and land, on tribes and dynasties, on the crafts and sciences, on political and religious institutions, on the geography, ethnography, flora and fauna of the various countries and on the history, topography and monuments of the major towns and cities. In its geographical and historical scope it encompasses the old Arabo-Islamic empire, the Islamic countries of Iran, Central Asia, the Indian sub-continent and Indonesia, the Ottoman Empire and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad Ibn Idrīs Al-Shafiʿī
Al-Shafi'i (; ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: '' al-Risala''. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact," and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory." Being born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran. Introduction The biography of al-Shafi'i is difficult to trace. It was said Dawud al-Zahiri (d. 884 CE) was the first to write one, but the work has been l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
