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Santa Maria Supersequence
The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary geological formation, rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age (Late Triassic), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, "rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and other Dinosauromorpha, dinosauromorphs, including the herrerasaurid ''Staurikosaurus'', the Basal (phylogenetics), basal sauropodomorpha, sauropodomorphs ''Buriolestes'' and ''Saturnalia (genus), Saturnalia,'' and the Lagerpetidae, lagerpetid ''Ixalerpeton''. The formation is named after the city of Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul), Santa Maria in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where outcrops were first studied. The Santa Maria Formation makes up the majority of the Santa Maria Supersequence, which extends through the entire Late Triassic. The Santa Maria Supersequence is divided into four geological Sequence (geology), sequences, separated from each other by short Unconformity, unconformities. The first two of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagasuchus
''Dagasuchus'' is an extinct genus of pseudosuchian archosaur from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, represented by the type species ''Dagasuchus santacruzensis''. ''D. santacruzensis'' was named in 2015 on the basis of specimen UFRGS-PV-1244-T and UFRGS-PV-1245-T, a partial hip (one ilium (bone), ilium and a pair of ischium, ischia) found in an exposure of the Santa Maria Formation in the Paraná Basin, near the city of Santa Cruz do Sul. ''Dagasuchus'' is an early member of a large evolutionary group called Loricata, which originated in the Triassic and includes modern crocodylians and their ancestors. Features of its hip closely resemble those of other early loricatans such as ''Stagonosuchus'' and ''Saurosuchus''. ''Dagasuchus'' is notable for being the first loricatan found in the ''Santacruzodon'' assemblage zone of the Santa Maria Formation; previously loricatans were only known from the older ''Dinodontosaurus'' assemblage zone and the younger ''Hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic Geological period, period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the #Evolutionary history, evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, Evolution of birds, having evolved from earlier Theropoda, theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomy (biology), taxonomic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norian
The Norian is a division of the Triassic geological period, Period. It has the rank of an age (geology), age (geochronology) or stage (stratigraphy), stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227.3 to Mya (unit), million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian. Stratigraphic definitions The Norian was named after the Noric Alps in Austria. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Austrian geologist Johann August Georg Edmund Mojsisovics von Mojsvar, Edmund Mojsisovics von Mojsvar in 1869. The Norian Stage begins at the base of the ammonite biozones of ''Klamathites, Klamathites macrolobatus'' and ''Stikinoceras, Stikinoceras kerri'', and at the base of the conodont biozones of ''Metapolygnathus, Metapolygnathus communisti'' and ''Metapolygnathus, Metapolygnathus primitius''. A global reference profile for the base (a GSSP) had in 2009 not yet been appointed. The top of the Norian (the base of the Rhaetian) is at the first appeara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unconformity
An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger layer, but the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary geologic record. The significance of angular unconformity (see below) was shown by James Hutton, who found examples of Hutton's Unconformity at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in Berwickshire in 1788, both in Scotland. The rocks above an unconformity are younger than the rocks beneath (unless the sequence has been overturned). An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in a region or were subsequently eroded before the next deposition. The local record for that time interval is missing and geologists must use other clues to discover that part of the geologic history of that area. The interval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequence (geology)
In geology, a sequence is a stratigraphic unit which is bounded by an unconformity at the top and at the bottom. Definition In a more rigorous and general way, a sequence is defined as a "relatively conformable .. genetically related succession of strata bounded by unconformities or their correlative surfaces" Special cases and related concepts Special cases of sequences include type 1 sequences and type 2 sequences. A related concept are parasequences. Contrary to their name they are not smaller sequences. See also * Catena (soil) * Sequence stratigraphy In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of mathematical object, objects in which repetitions are allowed and order theory, order matters. Like a Set (mathematics), set, it contains Element (mathematics), members (also called ''ele ... References Sequence stratigraphy {{stratigraphy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria (Rio Grande Do Sul)
Santa Maria is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality (''município'') in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. In 2020, its population was 283,677 inhabitants in a total area of . Santa Maria is the 5th biggest municipality in the state, and the largest in its micro-region. Santa Maria is often referred to as the "heart of Rio Grande" (from Portuguese: "''Coração do Rio Grande''"), because the city is located in the geographical center of the State. History and importance The first inhabitants of Santa Maria were the Minuano Indigenous People, who lived in a region of the municipality known as Coxilha do Pau Fincado, and the Tapes, who lived in the hills. With the arrival of Spanish and Portuguese colonizers this border region was witness to innumerable battles between rival groups. Finally, in 1797 the border between the two colonies was established by a commission (''1ª Subdivisão da Comissão Demarcadora de Limites da América dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ixalerpeton
''Ixalerpeton'' (meaning "leaping reptile") is a genus of lagerpetid avemetatarsalian containing one species, ''I. polesinensis''. It lived in the Late Triassic of Brazil alongside the sauropodomorph dinosaur '' Buriolestes''. Discovery and naming The holotype specimen of ''Ixalerpeton'', numbered ULBRA-PVT059, consists of parts from the skull, vertebral column, and all four limbs. The specimen comes from the Carnian Santa Maria Formation of Brazil, and it was found alongside two individuals of '' Buriolestes'' as well as a set of femora belonging to second individual of ''Ixalerpeton''. The genus name of ''Ixalerpeton'' combines the Greek words ''ixalos'' ("leaping") and ''erpeton'' ("reptile"), and the species name ''polesinensis'' references the town of São João do Polêsine, where the dig site is located. Description ''Ixalerpeton'' was similar to other lagerpetids (namely '' Dromomeron'' and '' Lagerpeton'') in having long hindlimbs with well-developed muscle at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagerpetidae
Lagerpetidae (; originally Lagerpetonidae) is a family of basal avemetatarsalians (early-diverging members of the reptile lineage leading to birds and other dinosaurs). Though traditionally considered the earliest-diverging dinosauromorphs (archosaurs closer to dinosaurs than to pterosaurs), fossils described in 2020 suggested that lagerpetids are instead an early branch of pterosauromorphs (closer to pterosaurs than to dinosaurs). Lagerpetid fossils are known from the Triassic of San Juan (Argentina), Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas (United States), Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), and Madagascar. ''Scleromochlus'', a minuscule archosaur from Scotland, is sometimes regarded as a lagerpetid or close relative of the family. Lagerpetids were generally small and lightly-built animals; the largest include '' Dromomeron gigas'' (from Argentina) and an indeterminate ''Dromomeron'' specimen from the Santa Rosa Formation of Texas, reaching a femoral length of . Lagerpetid fossils are rare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saturnalia (genus)
''Saturnalia'' is an extinct genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur known from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. It contains one species, ''Saturnalia tupiniquim''. It is one of the earliest known dinosaurs. Discovery and naming Fossils of ''Saturnalia'' were first collected by the Museum of Science and Technology of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul in the austral summer of 1998. Some of the specimens were collected during Carnival. The specimens were found at a site called Wald Sanga or Sanga do Mato, one of several sites called "sangas" in the vicinity of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, where red, fossil-bearing mudstone is exposed. In 1999, Max Cardoso Langer, Fernando Abdala, Martha Richter, and Michael J. Benton described the new genus and species ''Saturnalia tupiniquim'' based on the three skeletons. The genus name is derived from the Roman festival of Saturnalia, in reference to the specimens' d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buriolestes
''Buriolestes'' is a genus of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of the Paraná Basin in southern Brazil. It contains a single species, ''B. schultzi'', named in 2016. The type specimen was found alongside a specimen of the lagerpetid dinosauromorph '' Ixalerpeton''. Discovery and naming The holotype specimen, ULBRA-PVT280, was discovered in 2009 in the Buriol ravine in São João do Polêsine, Brazil. These rocks are part of the Santa Maria Formation, which dates to the Carnian epoch. The specimen consists of a single skeleton preserving parts of the skull, vertebrae, left forelimb, and left hindlimb. Another set of smaller bones is also present, which may belong to a juvenile or a different taxon altogether. Two individuals of '' Ixalerpeton'' were also preserved close by. Additional remains were discovered in 2015 and published in 2018. These include a mostly complete skeleton, CAPPA/UFSM 0035, which preserves a complete skull and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauropodomorpha
Sauropodomorpha ( ; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, were quadrupedal, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The primitive sauropodomorphs which preceded the sauropods, and are informally called prosauropods, were smaller and were often able to walk on two legs. The sauropodomorphs were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the Late Triassic (approximately 230 Ma) until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. History of study Early study Gigantic bones of sauropods have been known for thousands of years and become part of legends and cultures but the beginning of their scientific study was in the 1830s. Most of the early taxonomy was based on incomplete and disarticulated mater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
