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Sanford Underground Laboratory
The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), or Sanford Lab, is an underground laboratory in Lead, South Dakota. The deepest underground laboratory in the United States, it houses multiple experiments in areas such as dark matter and neutrino physics research, biology, geology and engineering. There are currently 28 active research projects housed within the facility. Sanford Lab is managed by the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA). SURF operations are funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and through a $70M donation from T. Denny Sanford. The State of South Dakota also contributed nearly $70 million to the project. Scientific Research Sanford Lab's depth, rock stability and history make it ideal for sensitive physics experiments that need to escape high energy cosmic radiation from the sun. Additionally, the facility is used for researchers studying geology, biology and engineering. Experiments Under develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Thirteen or 13 may refer to: * 13 (number) * Any of the years 13 BC, AD 13, 1913, or 2013 Music Albums * ''13'' (Black Sabbath album), 2013 * ''13'' (Blur album), 1999 * ''13'' (Borgeous album), 2016 * ''13'' (Brian Setzer album), 2006 * ''13'' (Die Ärzte album), 1998 * ''13'' (The Doors album), 1970 * ''13'' (Havoc album), 2013 * ''13'' (HLAH album), 1993 * ''13'' (Indochine album), 2017 * ''13'' (Marta Savić album), 2011 * ''13'' (Norman Westberg album), 2015 * ''13'' (Ozark Mountain Daredevils album), 1997 * ''13'' (Six Feet Under album), 2005 * ''13'' (Suicidal Tendencies album), 2013 * ''13'' (Solace album), 2003 * ''13'' (Second Coming album), 2003 * 13 (Timati album), 2013 * ''13'' (Ces Cru EP), 2012 * ''13'' (Denzel Curry EP), 2017 * ''Thirteen'' (CJ & The Satellites album), 2007 * ''Thirteen'' (Emmylou Harris album), 1986 * ''Thirteen'' (Harem Scarem album), 2014 * ''Thirteen'' (James Reyne album), 2012 * ''Thirteen'' (Megadeth album), 2011 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Super-Kamiokande
Super-Kamiokande (abbreviation of Super-Kamioka Neutrino Detection Experiment, also abbreviated to Super-K or SK; ) is a neutrino detector, neutrino observatory located Kamioka Observatory, under Mount Ikeno near the city of Hida, Gifu, Hida, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo with the help of an international team. It is located 1,000 m (3,300 ft) underground in the Mozumi Mine in Hida's Kamioka area. The observatory was designed to detect high-energy neutrinos, to search for proton decay, study solar neutrino, solar and neutrino#Atmospheric neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, and keep watch for supernovae in the Milky Way galaxy. Description Super-K is located underground in the Mozumi mining, Mine in Hida's Kamioka area. It consists of a cylindrical stainless steel tank that is tall and in diameter holding 50,220 tonnes (55,360 US tons) of ultrapure water. The tank volume is divided by a stainless ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mike Rounds
Marion Michael Rounds (born October 24, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the junior United States senator from South Dakota since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 31st governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011. Rounds was raised in Pierre, South Dakota. He attended South Dakota State University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree. He was elected to the South Dakota Senate in 1990, representing the 24th district until 2001. Rounds ran for governor of South Dakota in 2002, and after an upset victory in the Republican primary, defeated Democratic nominee Jim Abbott. He was reelected in 2006, but was term limited from running for a third consecutive term in 2010. In 2014, Rounds was elected to the United States Senate, succeeding retiring Democrat Tim Johnson (South Dakota politician), Tim Johnson. He was reelected in 2020 United States Senate election in South Dakota, 2020. Early life, education, and business car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solar Neutrino Problem
The solar neutrino problem concerned a large discrepancy between the flux of solar neutrinos as predicted from the Sun's luminosity and as measured directly. The discrepancy was first observed in the mid-1960s and was resolved around 2002. The flux of neutrinos at Earth is several tens of billions per square centimetre per second, mostly from the Sun's core. They are nevertheless difficult to detect, because they interact very weakly with matter, traversing the whole Earth. Of the three types (flavors) of neutrinos known in the Standard Model of particle physics, the Sun produces only electron neutrinos. When neutrino detectors became sensitive enough to measure the flow of electron neutrinos from the Sun, the number detected was much lower than predicted. In various experiments, the number deficit was between one half and two thirds. Particle physicists knew that a mechanism, discussed in 1957 by Bruno Pontecorvo, could explain the deficit in electron neutrinos. However, they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luminosity
Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic energy per unit time, and is synonymous with the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object, astronomical objects. In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts. In astronomy, values for luminosity are often given in the terms of the Solar luminosity, luminosity of the Sun, ''L''⊙. Luminosity can also be given in terms of the astronomical Magnitude (astronomy), magnitude system: the Absolute magnitude#Bolometric magnitude, absolute bolometric magnitude (''M''bol) of an object is a logarithmic measure of its total energy emission rate, while absolute magnitude is a logarithmic measure of the luminosity within some specific wavelength range or Passband, filter band. In contrast, the term ''brightness'' in astronomy is gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solar Neutrinos
A solar neutrino is a neutrino originating from nuclear fusion in the Sun's Solar core, core, and is the most common type of neutrino passing through any source observed on Earth at any particular moment. Neutrinos are elementary particles with extremely small rest mass and a neutral electric charge. They only interact with matter via weak interaction and gravity, making their detection very difficult. This has led to the now-resolved solar neutrino problem. Much is now known about solar neutrinos, but research in this field is ongoing. History and background Homestake experiment The timeline of solar neutrinos and their discovery dates back to the 1960s, beginning with the two astrophysicists John N. Bahcall and Raymond Davis Jr., Raymond Davis Jr. The experiment, known as the Homestake experiment, named after the town in which it was conducted (Homestake, South Dakota), aimed to count the solar neutrinos arriving at Earth. Bahcall, using a solar model he developed, came to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Davis, Jr
Raymond Davis Jr. (October 14, 1914 – May 31, 2006) was an American chemist and physicist. He is best known as the leader of the Homestake experiment in the 1960s-1980s, which was the first experiment to detect neutrinos emitted from the Sun; for this he shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics. Early life and education Davis was born in Washington, D.C., where his father was a photographer for the National Bureau of Standards. He spent several years as a choirboy to please his mother, although he could not carry a tune. He enjoyed attending the concerts at the Watergate before air traffic was loud enough to drown out the music. His brother Warren, 14 months younger than he, was his constant companion in boyhood. He received his B.S. from the University of Maryland in 1938 in chemistry, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. He also received a master's degree from that school and a Ph.D. from Yale University in physic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Hills Gold Rush
The Black Hills gold rush took place in Dakota Territory in the United States. It began in 1874 following the Custer Expedition and reached a peak in 1876–77. Rumors and poorly documented reports of gold in the Black Hills go back to the early 19th century. In the 1860s, Roman Catholic missionary Father De Smet is reported to have seen Sioux Indians carrying gold which they told him came from the Black Hills. Prior to the gold rush, the Black Hills were used by Native Americans (primarily bands of Sioux but others also ranged through the area). The United States government recognized the Black Hills as belonging to the Sioux by the Treaty of Laramie in 1868. Despite being within Native American territory, and therefore off-limits, white Americans were increasingly interested in the gold-mining possibilities of the Black Hills. Prospectors found gold in 1874 near present-day Custer, South Dakota, but the deposit turned out to be small. The large placer gold deposits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homestake Mine Now (2016) The Sanford Underground Research Center , which was concluded to be formed of gypsum
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Homestake may refer to: * Homestake Creek, in Eagle County, Colorado * Homestake experiment, an experiment headed by astrophysicists Raymond Davis, Jr. and John N. Bahcall in the late 1960s * Homestake Pass, a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of Montana in the United States * Homestake Mining Company, one of the largest gold mining businesses in the United States from the 19th century through the beginning of the 21st ** Homestake Mine (other), the name for several mines in the United States * Homestake Reservoir, in Colorado, U.S. * Homestake, a formation on Mars analyzed by Opportunity rover ''Opportunity'', also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, and nicknamed Oppy, is a Robotics, robotic rover (space exploration), rover that was active on Mars from 2004 until 2018. ''Opportunity'' was operational on Mars for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitewood Creek
Whitewood Creek is a stream in Butte, Meade and Lawrence counties, in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Whitewood Creek was named from the white-barked quaking aspen trees along its banks. See also *List of rivers of South Dakota This is a list of rivers in the state of South Dakota in the United States. By tributary Minnesota River watershed * Little Minnesota River ** Jorgenson River * Whetstone River *North Fork Yellow Bank River *South Fork Yellow Bank River *West B ... References Rivers of Butte County, South Dakota Rivers of Lawrence County, South Dakota Rivers of Meade County, South Dakota Rivers of South Dakota {{SouthDakota-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Run (South Dakota)
Gold Run is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Gold Run was named for the valuable deposits of gold in the area. See also *List of rivers of South Dakota This is a list of rivers in the state of South Dakota in the United States. By tributary Minnesota River watershed * Little Minnesota River ** Jorgenson River * Whetstone River *North Fork Yellow Bank River *South Fork Yellow Bank River *West B ... References Bodies of water of Lawrence County, South Dakota Rivers of South Dakota {{SouthDakota-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Large Underground Xenon Experiment
The Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX) aimed to directly detect weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter interactions with ordinary matter on Earth. Despite the wealth of (gravitational) evidence supporting the existence of non-baryonic dark matter in the Universe, dark matter particles in our galaxy have never been directly detected in an experiment. LUX utilized a 370 kg liquid xenon detection mass in a time-projection chamber (TPC) to identify individual particle interactions, searching for faint dark matter interactions with unprecedented sensitivity. The LUX experiment, which cost approximately $10 million to build, was located underground at the Sanford Underground Laboratory (SURF, formerly the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, or DUSEL) in the Homestake Mine (South Dakota) in Lead, South Dakota. The detector was located in the Davis campus, former site of the Nobel Prize-winning Homestake neutrino experiment led by Raymond Dav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
