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Sandra Dombrowski
Sandra Frey (; born 19 March 1967) is a Swiss retired ice hockey player and referee. After playing for the Swiss national team, she became the first female referee to work in the men's Swiss League. She later became the first woman to referee a gold-medal game at the IIHF Women's World Championship, doing so in 1992, 1994, and 1997. She retired from on-ice officiating after the 1998 Winter Olympics women's ice hockey tournament, then worked as a referee supervisor for the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation and the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). In May 2023, she was the first female on-ice official inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame. Early life Dombrowski was born on 19 March 1967 in Interlaken, Bern, Switzerland. Growing up in Interlaken, she played outdoors ice hockey with boys. At the time, girls were not allowed to play on boys' league teams, and no local girls' team existed. Playing career At age 17 in 1984, Dombrowski established a local ladies' club; Damen Hock ...
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Interlaken
, neighboring_municipalities= Bönigen, Därligen, Matten bei Interlaken, Ringgenberg, Unterseen , twintowns = Scottsdale (USA), Ōtsu (Japan), Třeboň (Czech Republic) Interlaken (; lit.: ''between lakes'') is a Swiss town and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern. It is an important and well-known tourist destination in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss Alps, and the main transport gateway to the mountains and lakes of that region. The town is located on flat alluvial land called Bödeli between two lakes, Brienz to the east and Thun to the west, and alongside the river Aare, which flows between them. Transport routes to the east and west alongside the lakes are complemented by a route southwards into the near mountain resorts and high mountains, e.g. the famous high Alpine peaks of Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau, following upwards the Lütschine. Interlaken is the central town of a Small Agglomeration with th ...
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Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada and the List of North American cities by population, fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people (as of 2021) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multiculturalism, multicultural and cosmopolitanism, cosmopolitan cities in the world. Indigenous peoples in Canada, Indigenous peoples have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with Toronto ravine system, rivers, deep ravines, ...
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Philippe Lacarrière
Philippe Lacarrière (born 20 April 1938) is a French former ice hockey player and current ice hockey executive. After representing France at the Ice Hockey World Championships and Winter Olympics, Lacarrière joined the French Federation of Ice Sports and became an executive member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). In 2011, he was inducted into the French Ice Hockey Hall of Fame and in 2018, he was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame for his work with the French International Ice Hockey committee. Lacarrière and his father, Jacques, became the second father-son pair to be inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame. Playing career Lacarrière began playing in France’s domestic leagues with the Paris Université Club and Français Volants before joining the national ranks. Lacarrière then captained Athletic Club de Boulogne-Billancourt during their 1959 and 1960 Spengler Cup run. Lacarrière later represented France on the national stage during Ice Hockey Worl ...
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American non-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. It produces news reports that are distributed to its members, U.S. newspapers and broadcasters. The AP has earned 56 Pulitzer Prizes, including 34 for photography, since the award was established in 1917. It is also known for publishing the widely used ''AP Stylebook''. By 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters, English, Spanish, and Arabic. The AP operates 248 news bureaus in 99 countries. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. As part of their cooperative agreement with the AP ...
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United States Women's National Ice Hockey Team
The United States women's national ice hockey team is controlled by USA Hockey. The U.S. has been one of the most successful women's ice hockey teams in international play, having medaled in every major tournament. In 1998, the women's Olympic hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In April 2015, the women's national ice hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Month. Tournament record Olympic Games World Championship * 1990 – *1991 – ''Tournament not held'' *1992 – *1993 – ''Tournament not held'' *1994 – *1995 – ''Tournament not held, the U.S. competed in the Pacific Rim Championship instead'' *1996 – ''Tournament not held, the U.S. competed in the Pacific Rim Championship instead'' *1997 – *1998 – ''Tournament not held due to the 1998 Winter Olympics'' *1999 – *2000 – *2001 – *2002 – ''Tournament not held due to the 2002 Winter Olympics'' *2003 – ''Tournament cancelled due to the SARS crisis'' *2004 – *2005 – *2006 � ...
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Canada Women's National Ice Hockey Team
The Canadian women's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada in women's hockey. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and participates in international competitions. Canada has been a dominant figure in international competition, having won the majority of major ice hockey tournaments. Canada is rivaled by the United States, the only other winner of a major tournament. Competition achievements Olympic Games World Championships 4 Nations Cup Pacific Rim Championship Team Current roster Roster for the December 2022 Rivalry Series vs. USA. Head coach: Troy Ryan Development team roster Roster for the 2022 Collegiate Series. Head coach: Kori Cheverie Coaches * Dave McMaster, 1990 * Rick Polutnick, 1992 * Les Lawton, 1994 * Shannon Miller, 1997–1998 * Danièle Sauvageau, 1999, 2001–2002 * Melody Davidson, 2000, 2005–2007, 2009–2010 * Karen Hughes, 2004 * Peter Smith, 2008 * Rya ...
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Bob Nadin
Bob Nadin (born March 15, 1933) is a Canadian retired ice hockey referee and administrator. He refereed at the 1972 Winter Olympics, and served as a referee supervisor for the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the National Hockey League, and the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. He was involved with the Winter Olympic Games every Olympiad from 1972 until 2012, and was honoured by the International Olympic Committee with the Pierre de Coubertin medal. The IIHF honoured Nadin with the Paul Loicq Award, and inducted him into the IIHF Hall of Fame. Early life Nadin was born March 15, 1933, in Toronto, Ontario. He attended elementary and high school in Toronto, and graduated from the University of Toronto in 1958, with a degree in physical education. Refereeing career Nadin began refereeing ice hockey at the University of Toronto, when he was 17 years old. He was encouraged to officiate by teammates in the interfaculty league, and he said that he enjoyed refereeing ...
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1990 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1990 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 55th such event sanctioned by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), and at the same time served as the 65th Ice Hockey European Championships. Teams representing 28 countries participated in several levels of competition. The competition also served as qualifications for group placements in the 1991 competition. The top Championship Group A tournament took place in Switzerland from 16 April to 2 May 1990, with games played in Bern and Fribourg. Eight teams took part, with each team playing each other once. The four best teams then played each other once more. The Soviet Union became world champions for the 22nd and last time, and Sweden won their 10th European title. In the European Championships, only matches between European teams in the first round were counted towards scoring. Group B saw East Germany participate in the World Championships for the final time. World Championship Group A (Switzerland) Fi ...
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National League (ice Hockey)
The National League (NL) is a professional ice hockey league in Switzerland and is the top tier of the Swiss league system. Prior to the 2017–18 season, the league was known as National League A. During the 2018–19 season, the league had an average of 6,949 spectators per game which is the highest among European leagues (ahead of the KHL with 6,397 and the DEL with 6,215). The capital city's club SC Bern has been ranked first of all European clubs for 18 seasons and had an average attendance of 16,290 after the regular season. The ZSC Lions are another club in the top ten of European ice hockey attendance, ranking seventh with 9,694 spectators. Season structure During the regular season, each of the 14 teams play 52 games. The top eight teams after the regular season qualify for the playoffs to determine the Swiss champion in best-of-seven series. The bottom four teams in the standings play a relegation tournament, called playouts, in which each team retains their ...
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Women's League (Switzerland)
The Women's League, also known as the PostFinance Women's League for sponsorship reasons, is the top ice hockey league in the Swiss Women's Hockey League (SWHL) system. The league was founded in 1986 as the , abbreviated LKA, and was also officially known as the in French and the in Italian, both abbreviated as LNA. During 2014 to 2019, the league was called the Swiss Women's Hockey League A, abbreviated SWHL A; the abbreviation continues to be used by the league following the 2019 name change. An amateur league, it is organized by the , an organ of the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation. History With the creation of several women's ice hockey clubs in the early 1980s, the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation chose to incorporate women's hockey within the scope of its governance in 1984. During the 1985–86 season, an unofficial club championship was played. The following season, the first official championship tournament, called ('Performance Class A'), was organized and the victors, the Kl ...
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Thun
Thun (french: Thoune) is a town and a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located where the Aare flows out of Lake Thun (Thunersee), southeast of Bern. the municipality has almost about 45,000 inhabitants and around 80,000 live in the agglomeration. Besides tourism, machine and precision instrument engineering, the largest garrison in the country, the food industry, armaments and publishing are of economic importance to Thun. The official language of Thun is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. History The area of what is now Thun was inhabited since the Neolithic age (mid-3rd millennium BC). During the early Bronze Age there were a number of settlements along the lake shore and the Aare. A site at Renzenbühl had a local chief or nobleman's grave which contained one of the richest collections of early Bronze Age ...
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1990 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 1990 IIHF Women's World Championships was an international women's ice hockey competition held at the Civic Centre in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (now renamed the TD Place Arena) from March 19 to 25, in 1990. This was the first IIHF-sanctioned international tournament in women's ice hockey and is the only major international tournament in women's ice hockey to allow bodychecking.Kelly, p. 89. Full contact bodychecking was allowed with certain restrictions near the boards. The intermissions between periods were twenty minutes instead of fifteen. This has since been changed to the usual fifteen minutes. The Canadian team won the gold medal, the United States won silver, and Finland won bronze. Team Finland had won the first IIHF European Women’s Championship the previous year (1989), in Düsseldorf and Ratingen, Germany. Canada's Fran Rider helped to organize the championships without the financial support from the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (now known as Hockey Cana ...
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