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Samuel Luke
Sir Samuel Luke (21 March 1603''England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975'' – 30 August 1670) sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1653 and in 1660, and was an officer in the Parliamentary army during the English Civil War. Life Luke was born 21 March 1603 and baptised at six days old in Southill, Bedfordshire. He was the son of Sir Oliver Luke and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Sir Valentine Knightley of Fawsley, Northants. He attended Eton from 1617 to 1619 and travelled abroad in 1623. He was knighted on 20 July 1624. In April 1640, Luke was elected Member of Parliament for Bedford in the Short Parliament and was re-elected for the Long Parliament in November 1640. In the latter election he is known to have had the support of much of John Bunyan's future congregation. Luke was governor of the Parliamentary outpost in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire from late 1642 until June 1644 during the English Civil War During the war he was also Scoutm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Member Of Parliament (UK)
In the United Kingdom, a Member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Electoral system All 650 members of the UK House of Commons are elected using the first-past-the-post voting system in single member constituencies across the whole of the United Kingdom, where each constituency has its own single representative. Elections All MP positions become simultaneously vacant for elections held on a five-year cycle, or when a snap election is called. Since the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, Parliament is automatically dissolved once five years have elapsed from its first meeting after an election. If a vacancy arises at another time, due to death or resignation, then a constituency vacancy may be filled by a by-election. Under the Representation of the People Act 1981 any MP sentenced to over a year in jail automatically vacates their seat. For certain types of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solemn League And Covenant
The Solemn League and Covenant was an agreement between the Scottish Covenanters and the leaders of the English Parliamentarians in 1643 during the First English Civil War, a theatre of conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. On 17 August 1643, the Church of Scotland (the Kirk) accepted it and on 25 September 1643 so did the English Parliament and the Westminster Assembly. English Parliament (First Civil War) At the time, the Protestant leaders of the English Parliament were in conflict with King Charles I. Fearing Irish Catholic troops could join the Royalist army, Parliament requested the aid of the Scots. The Presbyterian Covenanters promised their aid, on condition that the Scottish system of church government was adopted in England. This was acceptable to the majority of the English Long Parliament, as many MPs were Presbyterians, while others preferred allying with the Scots rather than losing the Civil War. After some haggling a document called "'' The Solemn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Taylor (Royalist)
Richard Taylor (1620 – 30 November 1667) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1667. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Taylor was the son of Richard Taylor, counsellor at law, of Grymsbury, Bolnhurst, Bedfordshire and his wife Elizabeth Boteler daughter of William Boteler of Biddenham, Bedfordshire. He was baptised on 20 March 1620. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford on 17 June 1636 aged 16 and was a student of Lincoln's Inn in 1637. He succeeded to a share in his father's estate at Clapham, Bedfordshire in 1641. He served in the Royalist army in the Civil War under Sir Ralph Hopton without apparently any military rank. His share of the Clapham estate was sequestered and in 1647 he was fined £450 for delinquency. In 1655 was assessed at £90 for decimation. At the Restoration it was written that he had "continued faithful in the late war to the surrender of Oxford, and hath been several times since imprisoned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Humphrey Winch, 1st Baronet
Sir Humphrey Winch, 1st Baronet (3 January 1622 – December 1703) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1660 and 1689. Winch was the eldest son of Onslow Winch of Everton, Bedfordshire and his wife Judith Burgoyne, daughter of Roger Burgoyne of Wroxall, Warwickshire and his first wife Margaret Wendy, and sister of Sir John Burgoyne, 1st Baronet. His other grandfather was Sir Humphrey Winch, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (died 1625). Winch purchased the Hawnes estate (now known as Haynes Park) in Bedfordshire in 1654 and by 1659 had sold the manor of Everton which he had inherited from his father. Career In 1660, Winch was elected Member of Parliament for Bedford in the Convention Parliament. He was created a baronet of Hawnes in the County of Bedford on 9 June 1660. In 1661 he was elected MP for Bedfordshire in the Cavalier Parliament and sat until 1679. He was a diligent MP who sat on numerous committees in the Commons, and was regarded as a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restored Rump
The Rump Parliament describes the members of the Long Parliament who remained in session after Colonel Thomas Pride, on 6 December 1648, commanded his soldiers to purge the House of Commons of those members who were against the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason. "Rump" normally means the hind end or backside of a mammal; its use meaning "remnant" (the reduced-membership Parliament) was first recorded in the above context in English in 1649. Treaty of Newport In September 1648, at the end of the Second English Civil War, the Long Parliament was concerned with the increasing radicalism in the New Model Army. The Long Parliament began negotiations with King Charles I. The members wanted to restore the king to power, but wanted to limit the authority he had. Charles I conceded militia power, among other things, but he later admitted that it was only so he could escape. In November the negotiations began to fail, and the New Model Army seized power. Charl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beauchamp St John
Sir Beauchamp St John (17 March 1594 – 1667) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1621 and 1653. He supported the Parliamentary side in the English Civil War. Biography St John was a son of Oliver St John, 3rd Baron St John of Bletso and his wife Dorothy Reid, daughter of Sir John Rede or Reid, of Odington, Gloucestershire. He was admitted fellow commoner at Queens' College, Cambridge on 9 March 1609/10, and was conferred an MA in 1612/3, on the occasion of the King's visit. On 5 May 1613, he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn. He was knighted on 24 July 1619 at Bletsoe together with his brother Henry, later an MP. Apart from Henry, four other brothers, Oliver, Rowland, Anthony and Alexander were all to become MPs. In 1621 St John was elected Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire. He was elected MP for Bedford in 1626 and again in 1628. He sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years. In 1625 he in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Rule
The Personal Rule (also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny) was a period in the history of England from the dissolution of the third Parliament of Charles I in 1629 to the summoning of the Short Parliament in 1640, during which the King refused to call the next parliament and ruled as an autocratic absolute monarch without recourse to Parliament. Charles claimed that he was entitled to do this under the royal prerogative and that he had a divine right. Charles had called three Parliaments by the third year of his reign in 1628. After the murder of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who was deemed to have a negative influence on Charles' foreign policy, Parliament began to criticize the king more harshly than before. Charles then realised that, as long as he could avoid war, he could rule without the need of Parliament. Names Whig historians such as S. R. Gardiner called this period the "Eleven Years' Tyranny", because they interpret Charles's actions as highly authoritar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diggers
The Diggers were a group of religious and political dissidents in England, associated with a political ideology and programme resembling what would later be called agrarian socialism.; ; ; Gerrard Winstanley and William Everard (Digger), William Everard, amongst many others, were known as True Levellers in 1649, in reference to their split from the Levellers, and later became known as ''Diggers'' because of their attempts to farm on common land. Due to this and to their beliefs, the Diggers were driven from one county after another by the authorities. The Diggers tried (by "levelling" land (economics), land) to reform the existing social order with an agrarian lifestyle based on their ideas for the creation of small, egalitarian rural communities. They were one of a number of Nonconformist (Protestantism), nonconformist English Dissenters, dissenting groups that emerged around this time. Their belief in economic equality was drawn from , which describes a community of believe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Everard (Digger)
William Everard (bap. 1602, d. in or after 1651) was an early leader of the Diggers. Biography William Everard was apprenticed on 14 August 1616 to Robert Miller of the Merchant Taylors' Company, London. He was the son of William Everad, a yeoman of Reading and had been baptized on 9 May 1602 in the parish of St Giles, Reading, as William Evered. This Everad took the Protestation Oath in the parish of St Lawrence, Reading on 20 February 1642. Less than a year later a William Everard was serving as a Parliamentary scout for Sir Samuel Luke in the Berkshire and Oxfordshire area. Hessayon speculates that he may have been captured by the Royalists as there is no record of him until May 1647 when an ensign by the name of William Everard signed a petition voicing the grievances of the army under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax. He was cashiered out of the army in late 1647 or early 1648 for plotting to kill Charles I. In 1648 he was briefly imprisoned in Kingston, Surrey, for causi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Butler (poet)
Samuel Butler (baptized 14 February 1613 – 25 September 1680) was an English poet and satirist. He is remembered now chiefly for a long satirical poem titled '' Hudibras''. Biography Samuel Butler was born in Strensham, Worcestershire, and was the son of a farmer and churchwarden, also named Samuel. His date of birth is unknown, but there is documentary evidence for the date of his baptism of 14 February. The date of Butler's baptism is given as 8 February by Treadway Russell Nash in his 1793 edition of ''Hudibras''. Nash had already mentioned Butler in his ''Collections for a History of Worcestershire'' (1781), and perhaps because the latter date seemed to be a revised account, it has been repeated by many writers and editors. However, The parish register of Strensham records under the year 1612: "Item was christened Samuell Butler the sonne of Samuell Butler the xiiijth of February anno ut supra". Lady Day, 25 March, was New Year's Day in England at the time, so the ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudibras
''Hudibras'' () is a vigorous satirical poem, written in a mock-heroic style by Samuel Butler (1613–1680), and published in three parts in 1663, 1664 and 1678. The action is set in the last years of the Interregnum, around 1658–60, immediately before the restoration of Charles II as king in May 1660. The story shows Hudibras, a Cromwellian knight and colonel in the New Model Army, being regularly defeated and humiliated, as in Miguel de Cervantes' ''Don Quixote'', Butler's main inspiration. Colonel Hudibras' humiliations arrive sometimes by the skills and courage of women, and the epic ends with a witty and detailed declaration by the latest female to get the better of him that women are intellectually superior to men. ''Hudibras'' is notable for its longevity: from the 1660s, it was more or less always in print, from many different publishers and editors, till the period of the First World War (see below). Apart from Lord Byron's masterpiece ''Don Juan'' (1819–24), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (; abbreviated ''Beds'') is a Ceremonial County, ceremonial county in the East of England. It is bordered by Northamptonshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Hertfordshire to the south and the south-east, and Buckinghamshire to the west. The largest settlement is Luton (225,262), and Bedford is the county town. The county has an area of and had a population of 704,736 at the 2021 census. ''plus'' ''plus'' Its other towns include Leighton Buzzard, Dunstable, Biggleswade, Houghton Regis, and Flitwick. Much of the county is rural. For Local government in England, local government purposes, Bedfordshire comprises three Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority areas: Borough of Bedford, Bedford, Central Bedfordshire, and Luton. The county's highest point is on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns. History The first recorded use of the name in 1011 was "Bedanfordscir", meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
