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Samuel Barkin
J. Samuel Barkin (born 1965) is a Canadian political scientist and a professor of global governance and human security at the University of Massachusetts Boston. Academic career After receiving his BA and MA from the University of Toronto, Barkin got his MPhil and PhD from Columbia University. In a 2003 article published in ''International Studies Review'', Barkin created a international relations theory called ' realist constructivism', which combined realism and constructivism, and argued that his new theory can "study the relationship between normative Normativity is the phenomenon in human societies of designating some actions or outcomes as good, desirable, or permissible, and others as bad, undesirable, or impermissible. A Norm (philosophy), norm in this sense means a standard for evaluatin ... structures, the carriers of political morality, and uses of power" in ways existing approaches do not. In 2004, this journal launched a special issue to discuss this new theory. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Governance
Global governance (or world governance) refers to institutions that coordinate the behavior of transnationality, transnational actors, facilitate cooperation, resolve disputes, and alleviate collective action problems. Global governance broadly entails making, monitoring, and enforcing rules. Within global governance, a variety of types of actors – not just states – exercise power. In contrast to the traditional meaning of governance, the term ''global governance'' is used to denote the regulation of interdependent relations in the absence of an overarching political authority. The best example of this is the international system or relationships between independent states. The concept of global governance began in the mid-19th century. It became particularly prominent in the aftermath of World War I, and more so after the end of World War II. Since World War II, the number of International organization, international organizations has increased substantially. The number o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Security
Human security is a paradigm for understanding global social vulnerability, vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national security through military security by arguing that the proper referent for security should be at the human rather than the national level, and that a people- centered view of security is necessary for national, regional and global stability. The concept emerged from a multi-disciplinary understanding of security which involves a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights. The United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development Report is considered a milestone publication in the field of human security, with its argument that ensuring "freedom from want" and "freedom from fear" for all persons is the best path to tackle the problem of global insecurity.United Nations Development Programme (1994): Human Development Report Critics of the concept argu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Massachusetts Boston
The University of Massachusetts Boston (stylized as UMass Boston) is a Public university, public US-based research university. It is the only public research university in Boston and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massachusetts system. The university is a member of the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities and the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". History Origins (pre-1964) The University of Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts System dates back to the founding of University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts Agricultural College under the Morrill Land-Grant Acts in 1863. Prior to the founding of UMass Boston, the Amherst campus was the only public, comprehensive university in the state. As late as the 1950s, Massachusetts ranked at or near the bottom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Toronto
The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university whose main campus is located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed its present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution. It has three campuses: University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, #St. George campus, St. George, and University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough. Its main campus, St. George, is the oldest of the three and located in Downtown Toronto. U of T operates as a collegiate university, comprising 11 #Colleges, colleges, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs and significant differences in character and history. The University of Toronto is the largest university in Canada with a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MPhil
A Master of Philosophy (MPhil or PhM; Latin ' or ') is a postgraduate degree. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated MPhil (or, at times, as PhM in other countries). MPhil are awarded to postgraduate students after completing at least two years of original research, normally in the form of a thesis or dissertation. In many fields, the completion of a MPhil is typically required for employment as experts, or researcher. MPhil may also serve as a provisional enrolment for a PhD programme. Australia In Australia, the Master of Philosophy is a research degree which mirrors a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in breadth of research and structure. Candidates are assessed on the basis of a thesis. A standard full-time degree often takes two years to complete. Belgium In Belgium, the MPhil is a special research degree, and is only awarded by selected departments of a university, mostly in the fields of arts, social sciences, archaeology, philosophy and theology. Admission to these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church (Manhattan), Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher education in New York (state), New York and the fifth-First university in the United States, oldest in the United States. Columbia was established as a Colonial colleges, colonial college by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College (New York), Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In 1896, the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University. Columbia is organized into twenty schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Studies Review
The ''International Studies Review'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Studies Association. Current editors-in-chief are Sumit Ganguly and Hussein Banai (Indiana University). The journal covers research in international studies. It was established in 1957 as ''Mershon International Studies Review'' and obtained its current title in 1999, with volume numbering restarting at 1. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports ''Journal Citation Reports'' (''JCR'') is an annual publication by Clarivate. It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science Core Collection. It provides information about academic journals in the natur ...'', the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.076, ranking it 47th out of 176 journals in the category "Political Science" and 19th out of 91 journals in the category "International Relations". See also * List of international rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Relations Theory
International relations theory is the study of international relations (IR) from a theoretical perspective. It seeks to explain behaviors and outcomes in international politics. The three most prominent School of thought, schools of thought are Realism (international relations), realism, Liberalism (international relations), liberalism and Constructivism (international relations), constructivism. Whereas realism and liberalism make broad and specific predictions about international relations, constructivism and rational choice are methodological approaches that focus on certain types of social explanation for phenomena. International relations, as a discipline, is believed to have emerged after World War I with the establishment of a Chair of International Relations, the Woodrow Wilson Chair held by Alfred Eckhard Zimmern at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The modern study of international relations, as a theory, has sometimes been traced to realist works such as E. H. Carr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Realist Constructivism
Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to: In the arts *Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts Arts movements related to realism include: *American Realism * Classical Realism *Literary realism, a movement from the mid-19th to the early 20th century *Magical realism, a genre of fiction and art that blurs the line between speculation and reality *Neorealism (art) **Italian neorealism (film) ** Indian neorealism (film) * New realism, a movement founded in 1960 *Realism (art movement), 19th-century painting group *Realistic Manifesto *Theatrical realism, one of the many types of theatre such as Naturalism *Vienna School of Fantastic Realism, an art movement * Socialist realism, an art style developed in the Soviet Union In philosophy *Philosophical realism Realist approaches in philosophy include: * Aesthetic realism (metaphysics) * Agential realism *Aristotelian realism *Australian realism *Austrian realism * Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Realism (international Relations)
Realism, in international relations theory, is a Theory, theoretical framework that views world politics as an enduring competition among self-interested State (polity), states vying for power and positioning within an Anarchy (international relations), anarchic global system devoid of a centralized authority. It centers on State (polity), states as Rationalism (international relations), rational primary actors navigating a system shaped by power politics, national interest, and a pursuit of National security, security and self-preservation. Realism involves the strategic use of Military, military force and alliances to boost global influence while maintaining a Balance of power (international relations), balance of power. War is seen as inevitably inherent in the anarchic conditions of world politics. Realism also emphasizes the complex dynamics of the security dilemma, where actions taken for security reasons can unintentionally lead to tensions between states. Unlike Idealis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructivism (international Relations)
In international relations (IR), constructivism is a social theory that asserts that significant aspects of international relations are shaped by ideational factors - i.e. the mental process of forming ideas. The most important ideational factors are those that are collectively held; these collectively held beliefs construct the interests and identities of actors. Constructivist scholarship in IR is rooted in approaches and theories from the field of sociology. In contrast to other prominent IR approaches and theories (such as Realism (international relations), realism and Rationalism (international relations), rational choice), constructivists see identities and interests of actors as socially constructed and changeable; identities are not static and cannot be exogenously assumed- i.e. interpreted by reference to outside influences alone. Similar to rational choice, constructivism does not make broad and specific predictions about international relations; it is an approach to stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normative
Normativity is the phenomenon in human societies of designating some actions or outcomes as good, desirable, or permissible, and others as bad, undesirable, or impermissible. A Norm (philosophy), norm in this sense means a standard for evaluating or making judgments about behavior or outcomes. "Normative" is sometimes also used, somewhat confusingly, to mean relating to a descriptive standard: doing what is normally done or what most others are expected to do in practice. In this sense a norm is not evaluative, a basis for judging behavior or outcomes; it is simply a fact or observation about behavior or outcomes, without judgment. Many researchers in science, law, and philosophy try to restrict the use of the term "normative" to the evaluative sense and refer to the description of behavior and outcomes as positive, descriptive, predictive, or empirical. ''Normative'' has specialized meanings in different academic disciplines such as philosophy, social sciences, and law. In most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
