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SAMO
Samo (–) was the founder and sole ruler of the first recorded political union of Slavs, Slavic tribes, known as Samo's Empire ("realm", "kingdom", or "tribal union"), ruling from 623 until his death in 658. According to Fredegarius, the only contemporary source, Samo was a Franks, Frankish merchant from Sens who unified several Slavic tribes against robber raids and violence by nearby settled Pannonian Avars, Avars, showing such bravery and command skills in battle that he was elected "King of the Slavs" (). In 631, Samo successfully defended his realm against the Frankish Kingdom in the three-day Battle of Wogastisburg. Reign The dates for Samo's rule are based on Fredegar, who states that he "went to the Slavs in the fortieth year of Chlothar II" (i.e., 623–24) and reigned for thirty five years.Curta, 109. The interpretation that places the start of Samo's reign in the year of Fredegar's arrival has been questioned on the basis that the Slavs (known also as the Wend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samo's Empire
Samo's Empire (also known as Samo's Kingdom or Samo's State) is the historiographical term for the West Slavic tribal union established by Samo who is called King (" Rex") according to Fredegarius, the only contemporary source. It existed between 623/631 AD and 658 in Central Europe. The extent of Samo's power before and after 631 is disputed. The centre of the union was most likely in Moravia and Nitravia (Nitra); additionally, the union included Czech tribes, Slovak tribes, Sorbian tribes (under Dervan), and other West Slavic tribes along the river Danube (present Lower Austria and Hungary). The polity ''per se'' has been called the first Slavic state. Territory It is generally believed that the tribal union included the regions of Moravia, Nitravia (''Nitra''), Silesia, Bohemia and Lusatia. According to Julius Bartl, the centre of the polity lay "somewhere in the area of southern Moravia, Lower Austria, and western Slovakia (Nitravia)". According to J. B. Bury, "the as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannonian Avars
The Pannonian Avars ( ) were an alliance of several groups of Eurasian nomads of various origins. The peoples were also known as the Obri in the chronicles of the Rus' people, Rus, the Abaroi or Varchonitai (), or Pseudo-Avars in Byzantine Empire, Byzantine sources, and the Apar () to the Göktürks. They established the Avar Khaganate, which spanned the Pannonian Basin and considerable areas of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe from the late 6th to the early 9th century. The name Pannonian Avars (after the area in which they settled) is used to distinguish them from the Avars (Caucasus), Avars of the Caucasus, a separate people with whom the Pannonian Avars may or may not have had links. Although the name ''Avar'' first appeared in the mid-5th century, the Pannonian Avars entered the historical scene in the mid-6th century, on the Pontic–Caspian steppe as a people who wished to escape the rule of the Göktürks. They are probably best known for their invasions and de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorbs
Sorbs (; ; ; ; ; also known as Lusatians, Lusatian Serbs and Wends) are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group predominantly inhabiting the parts of Lusatia located in the German states of Germany, states of Saxony and Brandenburg. Sorbs traditionally speak the Sorbian languages (also known as "Wendish" and "Lusatian"), which are closely related to Czech language, Czech and Lechitic languages. Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian are officially recognized minority languages in Germany. In the Early Middle Ages, the Sorbs formed their own principality, which later shortly became part of the early West Slavic Samo's Empire and Great Moravia, as were ultimately conquered by the East Francia (Sorbian March) and Holy Roman Empire (Saxon Eastern March, Margravate of Meissen, March of Lusatia). From the High Middle Ages, they were ruled at various times by the closely related History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, Poles and Kingdom of Bohemia, Czechs, as well as the more distant Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dervan (duke)
Dervan or Derwan ( sr-cyr, Дерван, ) was an early ruler of the Sorbs (fl. 615–636). He is mentioned by Fredegar in his Latin chronicle as ''dux gente Surbiorum que ex genere Sclavinorum'': "ruler of the people of the ''Surbi'' (Sorb autonym: ''Serbja'', Serb autonym: ''Srbi'') from the nation of the Sclavenians".Curta, 109. He is the first ruler of the tribe mentioned by name. Fredegar records him being subordinate to the Franks for a long time and then joining the Slavic union of Samo. After the defeat of the Frankish king Dagobert I by king Samo near Wogastisburg in 631 or 632, Dervan declared independence from the Franks and "placed himself and his people under the rule of Samo".Curta, 331. Dervan joined Samo in his subsequent wars against the Franks. Further reports of Fredegar imply that Dervan and his people lived to the east of the Saxon Saale. The reference to Dervan in 631/632 is also the first written confirmation of the presence of Slavs north of the Ore Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Wogastisburg
According to the contemporary ''Chronicle of Fredegar'', the Battle of Wogastisburg (also called the siege of Wogastisburg) took place between Slavs (''Sclav, cognomento Winidi'') under King Samo and Franks under King Dagobert I in 631 or 632. The Frankish armies advanced into the area of the Slavic tribal union in three groups - Alamanni, Lombards, and Austrasian Franks. The first two were quite successful, but the main fighting force was defeated in a three-day siege near a place referred to as ''Wogastisburg''. The location of the siege has not been determined because the primary source, Fredegar's chronicle, gives no geographical specifications. Several places claim to be connected with the battle (usually based on linguistic parallels and some excavations), for example Rubín hill near Podbořany (Bohemia), Úhošť hill near Kadaň (Bohemia), Bratislava (Slovakia), Trenčín (Slovakia), Beckov (Slovakia), Váh river near Voga (Slovakia), Staffelberg near Bad Staffelstein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soignies
Soignies (; , ; ; ) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It consists of the following districts: Casteau, Chaussée-Notre-Dame-Louvignies, Horrues, Naast, Neufvilles, Soignies and Thieusies. Casteau is known worldwide because SHAPE, the military headquarters of NATO, has been based at the village since 1967. The name of Soignies comes from the Latin word ''suniacum'', which means "on the Senne". The spring of the Senne is near Soignies. After Soignies, the river flows through Brussels. Soignies is also well known for its blue limestone (from the ''Carrières du Hainaut'') and its glass industry (Durobor). History Saint Vincent The known history of the region starts in the 7th century. The Frankish merchant Samo, who founded an empire in Central Europe, may have come from Soignies (Latin: ''pagus Senonagus'').Chronicle of Fredegar, 4.48, edited and translated in J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, ''The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rex Sclavorum
King of the Slavs () was a title denoting some Slavic rulers, as well as Germanic rulers that conquered Slavs, in the Middle Ages in European sources, such as Papal correspondence. Papal use is bolded. ;Slavic *Samo, ruler of Samo's Empire and the "Slavs" (623–658); in the Frankish Annals * Drogoviz, ruler of the Veleti (789); in ''Annales Mettenses priores'' in 805 *Trpimir I, ruler of Duchy of Croatia (845–864); erroneously by Gottschalk in the 840s *Svatopluk I of Moravia, ruler of Great Moravia (870–894); by Pope Stephen V in 885 *Michael, ruler of Zachlumia (913–926); erroneously in the ''Annales Barenses'' *Mihailo Vojislavljević, ruler of Duklja (1050–1081); by Pope Gregory VII in 1077 * Constantine Bodin (''Bodin Vojislavljević''), ruler of Duklja (1081–1101); by the chronicle of Orderic Vitalis, relating to events of 1096 *Stefan Dragutin, ruler of Kingdom of Serbia (1276–1282) and Syrmia (''Realm of Stefan Dragutin''; 1282–1316); by Pope Nicholas IV i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeastern Central Europe. After the Treaty of Trianon following World War I, the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain was also used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene Epoch, however some consider the term "Pannonian Plain" not only unhistorical but also topologically erroneous. Terminology The term Pannonian Plain refers to the lowland parts of the Pannonian Basin as well as those of some adjoining regions like Lower Austria, Moravia, and Silesia (Czech Republic and Poland). The lands adjoining the plain proper are sometimes also called ''peri-Pannonian''. In English language, the terms "Pannonian Basin" and "Carpathian Basin" may sometimes be used synonymously, although the latter holds an irredentist Hungarian connotation. The name "Pannon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radulf, King Of Thuringia
Radulf was the List of rulers of Thuringia, Duke of Thuringia (''dux Thoringiae'') from 632 or 633 (certainly before 634) until his death after 642. Biography According to the Chronicle of Fredegar, he was a son of one Chamar, a Franks, Frankish aristocrat, and rose to power under the Merovingian dynasty, Merovingian king Dagobert I, who appointed him as ''dux'' in the former Thuringian kingdom which Francia had conquered in 531.J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, p. 64 His installation was meant to protect the eastern border of the Frankish realm against the threatening Wends under Samo, who had defeated the king at the 631 Battle of Wogastisburg and formed an alliance with Dervan (duke), Dervan, prince of the Sorbs, Sorbian tribes settling in the adjacent region east of the Saale river. Radulf fought successfully against the Slavs, but subsequently refused the incorporation of the secured territories into the Austrasian kingdom. To retain his independence he allied with Fara, a descendant o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sens
Sens () is a Communes of France, commune in the Yonne Departments of France, department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris. Sens is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture and the second largest city of the department, the sixth largest in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne (river), Yonne and the Vanne (river), Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here. At the last census of 2021, the municipality had 27,034 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called les ''Senonese'' in French. The city was rewarded with the distinction of Grand Prix et quatre fleurs in 2007 at Concours des villes et villages fleuris. Geography Sens is located at the extreme north-west of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, on the border of three regions, namely the Île-de-France, the Grand Est and the Centre-Val de Loire. Located on the course of the river Yonne (river), Yonne in the valley of the same name, the city is bordered by the hills of Paron, Yonne, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and Northern Asia, though there is a large Slavic minority scattered across the Baltic states and Central Asia, and a substantial Slavic diaspora in the Americas, Western Europe, and Northern Europe. Early Slavs lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th century AD), and came to control large parts of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe between the sixth and seventh centuries. Beginning in the 7th century, they were gradually Christianized. By the 12th century, they formed the core population of a number of medieval Christian states: East Slavs in the Kievan Rus', South Slavs in the Bulgarian Empire, the Principality of Serbia, the Duchy of Croatia and the Banate of B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rex Sclavorum
King of the Slavs () was a title denoting some Slavic rulers, as well as Germanic rulers that conquered Slavs, in the Middle Ages in European sources, such as Papal correspondence. Papal use is bolded. ;Slavic *Samo, ruler of Samo's Empire and the "Slavs" (623–658); in the Frankish Annals * Drogoviz, ruler of the Veleti (789); in ''Annales Mettenses priores'' in 805 *Trpimir I, ruler of Duchy of Croatia (845–864); erroneously by Gottschalk in the 840s *Svatopluk I of Moravia, ruler of Great Moravia (870–894); by Pope Stephen V in 885 *Michael, ruler of Zachlumia (913–926); erroneously in the ''Annales Barenses'' *Mihailo Vojislavljević, ruler of Duklja (1050–1081); by Pope Gregory VII in 1077 * Constantine Bodin (''Bodin Vojislavljević''), ruler of Duklja (1081–1101); by the chronicle of Orderic Vitalis, relating to events of 1096 *Stefan Dragutin, ruler of Kingdom of Serbia (1276–1282) and Syrmia (''Realm of Stefan Dragutin''; 1282–1316); by Pope Nicholas IV i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
