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Saloum
The Kingdom of Saloum ( Serer: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer kingdom in present-day Senegal and parts of Gambia. The precolonial capital was the city of Kahone. Re-established in 2017, Saloum is now a non-sovereign traditional monarchy within Senegal. Its history, geography and culture is intricately linked with the sister state, the Kingdom of Sine, and it is common to refer to them as the Sine-Saloum or the Serer Kingdoms. Typonymy Serer oral traditions recount that the area was named Saluum/Saloum by the Maad Saloum Mbegane Ndour in the later part of the 15th century (c. 1494),Ba, Abdou Bouri, « Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip », Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 38, série B, numéro 4, octobre 1976 named after Saalum Suwareh, the marabout of Mbegan Ndour. Alternatively, the name 'Saluum' could mean 'land of the Luum', an important family in the region. Portuguese explorers in the 15th century referred to Saloum as the kingdom of ''Borçalo'', a corruptio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serer People
The Serer people (''Serer language, Serer proper'': Seereer or Sereer) are a West African ethnoreligious groupGastellu, Jean-Marc, ''Petit traité de matrilinarité. L'accumulation dans deux sociétés rurales d'Afrique de l'Ouest'', Cahiers ORSTOM, série Sciences Humaines 4 (1985) [in] Gastellu, Jean-Marc, ''Matrilineages, Economic Groups and Differentiation in West Africa: A Note'', O.R.S.T.O.M. Fonds Documentaire (1988), pp 1, 2–4 (pp 272–4), 7 (p 277/ref>Marguerite Dupire, Dupire, Marguerite, ''Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée Ndut people, sereer ndut'', KARTHALA Editions (1994). For ''tim'' and ''den yaay'' (see p. 116). The book also deals in depth about the Serer matriclans and means of succession through the matrilineal line. See pp. 38, 95–99, 104, 119–20, 123, 160, 172–74,/ref> They fought against jihads in the 19th century, and subsequently opposed French colonial rule - resulting in Serer victory at the famous Battle of Djilass (13 May 1859), and the Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbegane Ndour
Maad Saloum Mbegane Ndour ( Serer: Mbegaan Nduur or Mbeggaan Nduur), was the founder and first king of Saloum in present-day Senegal. He ruled using the Serer title ''Maad Saloum'' (king of Saloum in Serer, ''Bour Saloum'' in Wolof) from c. 1493 - 1513, and as ''Maad a Sinig'' (king of Sine) from c. 1506 or 1510 - presumably as regent. Born to a Serer father from Saloum, and a Serer princess of Sine, he belonged to the reigning Guelowar maternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum that ruled for over six-hundred years. Legend, Family and Early Life According to the legend of Saloum (where his father was from), Mbegane Ndour was the nephew of Maad a Sinig Maissa Wali, although this is likely a later invention to legitimate him, as the timelines do not match up. His mother was injured, and sent by the Bour Sine to the village of Mboudaye, south of the Saloum river, to heal. There, she was impregnated by the warrior Maari Nduur, commonly known as Marga Tiatj. After Ndour was born, his f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof
Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof (in Gambian English; or Fode Juuf in Serer) was the last king of Saloum. He reigned as Maad Saloum from 1935 to 1969. His royal title ''Maad Saloum'' means King of Saloum in Serer.Klein, Martin A., ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914'', Leland Stanford Junior University (Edinburgh University Press) (1968), p. xv, Brigaud, Félix, ''Histoire du Sénégal: Des origines aux traités de protectorat, Volume 1'', Éditions Clairafrique (1964), p. 35, 65-7Bâ, Abdou Bouri, ''Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip'', Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin, Publié dans le Bulletin de l' Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Tome 38, Série B, No. 4, (Oct 1976), His residence was at Guinguinéo.''Guid'A.O.F.: L'Afrique occidentale française cercle par cercle'', Agence de distribution de presse (1953), p. 195 Like many of the Serer kings during their medieval dynastic history, Fode was a member of the noble Joof p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Sine
The Kingdom of Sine (or Siin in Serer, variations: ''Sin'' or ''Siine'') was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. Toponymy and Demonym During the Guelowar Era the region was named after Sine-o-Méo Manneh (Serer proper: Siin o Meo Maane), sister of Maysa Wali Manneh. The inhabitants are called ''Siin-Siin'' or ''Sine-Sine'' (a common structure for demonyms in Senegal, e.g. ''Bawol-Bawol'' and ''Saloum-Saloum'' / ''Saluum-Saluum'', inhabitants of Baol and Saloum respectively). Portuguese explorers in the 15th century referred to Sine as the kingdom of ''Barbaçim'', a corruption of 'Bur-ba-Sine' ( Wolof for 'King of Sine'), and its people as ''Barbacins'' (a term frequently extended by early writers to Serer people generally, while others insisted that ''Serreos'' and ''Barbacins'' were completely distinct peoples.) Old European maps frequently denote the Saloum River as the "River of Barbacins/Barbecins". Alvise C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maad Saloum
Maad Saloum (variations :Maad a Saloum, Mad Saloum, Maat Saloum, Bour Saloum, Bur Saloum, etc.) means king of Saloum, in the Serer language. The ancient Kingdom of Saloum now part of present-day Senegal was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom. Their kings bore the title ''Maad'' or ''Mad'' (also ''Maat'' though rarely used). The royal title was sometimes used interchangeably with that of their ancient kings and landed gentry, the lamanes. From 1493 to 1969 (the Guelowar Guelowar (or Gelwaar in Serer language, Serer), also spelled Gelwar, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial Serer people, Serer kingdoms of Kingdom of Sine, Sine and Kingdom of Saloum, Saloum (in the ... period, the last maternal dynasty in Saloum), forty-nine kings were crowned Maad. Mbegan Ndour (many variations: ''Mbégan Ndour'' or ''Mbegani Ndour'') was the first Serer king from the Guelowar maternal clan to have reigned in Saloum, beginning c. 1493. Maad Salou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sine-Saloum
Sine-Saloum is a region in Senegal located north of the Gambia and south of the Petite Côte. It encompasses an area of 24,000 square kilometers, about 12% of Senegal, with a population in the 1990s of 1,060,000. The western portion contains the Saloum Delta, a river delta at the junction of the Saloum River, Saloum and the North Atlantic. It is in this region that the Saloum Delta National Park is located. 145,811 hectares of the Delta were designated a UNESCO Heritage Site in 2011. Because it flows so slowly, this delta allows saltwater to travel deep inland. Long ago, the Serer people, Serer kingdoms of Kingdom of Sine, Sine and Saloum were rivals. In 1984, the area was divided into two administrative regions: Kaolack Region, Kaolack and Fatick Region, Fatick. Economy Primary economic activities in the 2000s consisted of fishing, salt production, peanut farming, and millet farming. A secondary economy is the construction of fishing boats. Transportation is difficult because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serer Medieval History
The medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia is partly characterised by resisting Islamization from perhaps the 11th century during the Almoravid movement (which would later result in the Serers of Takrur migration to the south), to the 19th century Marabout movement of Senegambia and continuation of the old Serer paternal dynasties. Resistance to Islam, 11th century According to Galvan (2004), "The oral historical record, written accounts by early Arab and European explorers, and physical anthropological evidence suggest that the various Serer peoples migrated south from the Fuuta Tooro region (Senegal River valley) beginning around the eleventh century, when Islam first came across the Sahara."Galvan, Dennis Charles, ''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal'' Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004 p.51 Over generations these people, possibly Pulaar speaking herders originally, migrated through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kahone
Kahone ( Serer proper: Ka-Woon (variations: KawoonDione, Salif, "L'appel du ndut, ou, L'initiation des garçons seereer." IFAN, 2004, p. 85. or Kawon)–meaning the ancestor, "the one who was" in Serer)) is a town and urban commune near Kaolack, Senegal. It was the capital of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Saloum and is a center of Serer culture and history. Toponymy and ancient history Kahone takes its name from a Serer religious site and place of worship known in Serer as "Ka-Woon", which means the ancestor, "the one who was".Diouf, Marcel Mahawa, "Lances mâles: Léopold Sédar Senghor et les traditions sérères." Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale, 1996, p. 165, 172 The Serers venerated this founding Serer ancestor, and the name was given to the future capital of the Serer Kingdom of Saloum. The name predates the Guelwar maternal dynasty and Mbegane Ndour, a member of that matriclan and founder of the Kingdom of Saloum, and takes its name fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senegal
Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea to Guinea–Senegal border, the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border, the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. It also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegal's capital is Dakar. Senegal is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. It owes its name to the Senegal River, which borders it to the east and north. The climate is typically Sahelian, though there is a wet season, rainy season. Senegal covers a land area of almost and has a population of around 18 million. The state is a Presidential system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serer Religion
The Serer religion or Serer spirituality (''Serer language, Serer:'' A ƭat Roog, meaning "the way of the Divine", "path of God", or "religious life"Kalis, Simone, ''Médecine traditionnelle, religion et divination chez les Seereer Siin du Sénégal'', L'Harmattan, (1997), p.31, [inL'Harmattan(accessed 25 March 2025). Quote: :''La vie religieuse ou "chemin de De Dieu" / a fat Roog se fonde sur le culte des ancêtres / pangool . Ils sont le pivot autour duquel s'originent tous les rituels que composent les pratiques religieuses et thérapeutiques . Le prêtre / o yaal pangool, maître du culte, se situe à mi-chemin entre le monde de l'au-delà et de l'ici-bas ; l'invisible et le visible, les morts et les vivants.''), is the original religious beliefs, practices, and teachings of the Serer people living in the Senegambia region in West Africa. The Serer religion believes in a universal Creator deity, supreme deity called Roog (or ''Rog''). In the Cangin languages, Roog is referred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Gravrand
Father Henry Gravrand (France, 1921 – Abbey of Latrun, Palestine, 11 July 2003) was a French Catholic missionary to Africa and an anthropologist who has written extensively on Serer religion and culture. He was one of the leading pioneers of interfaith dialog and believed that African religion was the "'first covenant between God and man". His works about the Serer people are cited by other historians and scholars writing on Serer history, religion and culture, for instance Martin A. Klein, Charles Becker, Alioune Sarr, Marguerite Dupire, Issa Laye Thiaw, etc. Papa Massène Sene argues that his approach lacks scientific rigor and include fundamental linguistic and historical errors. Alioune Sarr noted that Gravrand reported an oral tradition describing what he called the "Battle of Troubang", a dynastic war between the two maternal royal houses of Ñaanco and the Guelowar, an off-shot and relatives of the '' Ñaanco'' (''Nyanthio'' or ''Nyanco'') maternal dynasty of Kaa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takrur
Takrur, Tekrur or Tekrour ( 500 – c. 1456) was a state based in the Senegal River in modern day Senegal which was at its height in the 11th and 12th centuries, roughly parallel to the Ghana Empire. It lasted in some form into the 18th century. History Origin There are a number of conflicting theories about the deep past of the Senegal river valley, where the Kingdom of Takrur would take root. The formation of the state may have taken place as an influx of Fulani from the east settled in the Senegal valley. John Donnelly Fage suggests that Takrur was formed through the interaction of Berbers from the Sahara and "Negro agricultural peoples" who were "essentially Serer". The outsiders may, however, have been Soninke rather than Berber, and the native population may have already spoken Fula. Regardless, the region has been an ethnic melting pot from the earliest traceable periods up to the present, although Fula have come to dominate in more recent centuries. The found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
