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Sakikku
Esagil-kin-apli, was the ''ummânū'', or chief scholar, of Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina, 1067–1046 BCE, as he appears on the Uruk ''List of Sages and Scholars'' (165 BCE)W 20030,7 the Seleucid ''List of Sages and Scholars'', obverse line 16, recovered from Anu’s Bīt Rēš temple during the 1959/60 excavation. listed beside him and is best known for his Diagnostic Handbook, ''Sakikkū'' (SA.GIG), a medical treatise which uses symptoms to ascertain etiology, frequently supernatural, and prognosis, which became the received text during the first millennium. He was a “prominent citizen of Borsippa” from a learned family as he was referred to as the “son” of Assalluḫi-mansum, the ''apkallu'', or sage, of Hammurabi’s time, c. 1792–1750 BCE. Works The ''Exorcists Manual'' The ''Exorcists Manual'', also known as KAR 44,KAR 44 aCDLI(ref. P369026) rev 5-20. is sometimes described as a ''vademecum'' or handbook and is a compendium of the works all those aspiring to m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babylon
Babylon ( ) was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about south of modern-day Baghdad. Babylon functioned as the main cultural and political centre of the Akkadian-speaking region of Babylonia. Its rulers established two important empires in antiquity, the 19th–16th century BC Old Babylonian Empire, and the 7th–6th century BC Neo-Babylonian Empire. Babylon was also used as a regional capital of other empires, such as the Achaemenid Empire. Babylon was one of the most important urban centres of the ancient Near East, until its decline during the Hellenistic period. Nearby ancient sites are Kish, Borsippa, Dilbat, and Kutha. The earliest known mention of Babylon as a small town appears on a clay tablet from the reign of Shar-Kali-Sharri (2217–2193 BC), of the Akkadian Empire. Babylon was merely a religious and cultural centre at this point and neither an independent state nor a large city, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adad-apla-iddina
Adad-apla-iddina, typically inscribed in cuneiform mdIM- DUMU.UŠ-SUM''-na'', mdIM-A-SUM''-na'' or dIM''-ap-lam-i-din-'' 'nam''meaning the storm god “Adad has given me an heir”, was the 8th king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin and the 4th Dynasty of Babylon and ruled 1064–1043. He was a contemporary of the Assyrian King Aššur-bêl-kala and his reign was a golden age for scholarship. Biography Provenance The broken obelisk of Aššur-bêl-kala relates that the Assyrians raided Babylonia, early in his reign: Depending on the exact synchronization of the Assyrian and Babylonian chronologies, this would have been shortly before, or at the very beginning of Adad-apla-iddina’s reign. His ancestor ''Esagil-Šaduni'' is named in the ''Synchronistic History''The ''Synchronistic History'' (ABC 21) column 2 lines 31 to 37. as his “father”, but he was actually ”a son of a nobody,” i.e. without a royal parent. This chronicle recounts that he was appointed by the Assyrian k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borsippa
Borsippa (Sumerian language, Sumerian: BAD.SI.(A).AB.BAKI or Birs Nimrud, having been identified with Nimrod) is an archeological site in Babylon Governorate, Iraq, built on both sides of a lake about southwest of Babylon on the east bank of the Euphrates. It lies 15 kilometers from the ancient site of Dilbat. It is today one of the most vividly identifiable surviving Ziggurat, ziggurats, identified in the later Arabic culture with the Tower of Babel due to King Nebuchadnezzar I, Nebuchadnezzar referring to it as the "Tower of Borsippa" or "tongue tower", as stated in the stele recovered on site in the 19th century. However, modern scholarship concludes that the Babylonian builders of the ziggurat erected it as a religious edifice in honour of the local god Nabu, called the "son" of Babylon's Marduk, as would be appropriate for Babylon's lesser sister-city. The tutelary god of Borsippa in the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ur III Empire in the late 3rd millennium BC was Tutu (Mesopotami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammurabi
Hammurabi (; ; ), also spelled Hammurapi, was the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning from to BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health. During his reign, he conquered the city-states of Larsa, Eshnunna, and Mari. He ousted Ishme-Dagan I, the king of Assyria, and forced his son Mut-Ashkur to pay tribute, bringing almost all of Mesopotamia under Babylonian rule. Hammurabi is best known for having issued the Code of Hammurabi, which he claimed to have received from Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice. Unlike earlier Sumerian law codes, such as the Code of Ur-Nammu, which had focused on compensating the victim of the crime, the Law of Hammurabi was one of the first law codes to place greater emphasis on the physical punishment of the perpetrator. It prescribed specific penalties for each crime and is among the first codes to establish the presumption of innocence. They were intended to limit what a wronge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keilschrifttexte Aus Assur Religiösen Inhalts
Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts, often abbreviated as KAR, is a two-volume German publication by the Assyriologist from 1919 to 1923. The work offers a critical edition of several hundred cuneiform tablets discovered during 1903–1914 German excavations directed by Walter Andrae and Julius Jordan in the former Assyrian capital city Assur, dating to the reign of Ashurbanipal (7th century BC). The compiled inscriptions also form one of the main primary sources for the tablets used in reconstructing the famous creation epic, the Enuma Elish. Inscriptions in KAR are itemized according to the order of their appearance in the work. Therefore, the 34th tablet is numbered as KAR 34. Volume 1 contains inscriptions KAR 1–175, and Volume 2 contains inscriptions KAR 176–472. A number of inscriptions from KAR have been digitized and more information about them can now be found on databases including the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative and Oracc (Open Richly Annotate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handbook
A handbook is a type of reference work, or other collection of instructions, that is intended to provide ready reference. The term originally applied to a small or portable book containing information useful for its owner, but the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines the current sense as "any book ... giving information such as facts on a particular subject, guidance in some art or occupation, instructions for operating a machine, or information for tourists." accessed 23 March 2017. A handbook is sometimes referred to as a ''wikt:en:vade mecum#Latin, vade mecum'' (Latin language, Latin, "go with me") or pocket reference. It may also be referred to as an wikt:enchiridion, enchiridion. In modern times, the concept of Vademecum classically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ašipu
In ancient Mesopotamia, the ašipu (also āšipu or mašmaššu) acted as priests. They were scholars and practitioners of diagnosis and treatment in the Tigris and Euphrates valley (now Iraq) around 3200 BC. Etymology Sumerian and Akkadian ritual and incantation texts were associated with one specific profession, the expert called in Akkadian ''āšipu'' or ''mašmaššu'', which is translated as “exorcist". The cuneiform record formed the lore of their practice translating āšipūtu as “exorcistic lore” or, simply, “magic”. Schwemer explains that Babylonian tradition itself "considered this corpus of texts to be of great antiquity, ultimately authored by Enki-Ea himself, the god of wisdom and exorcism." Expertise Some have described ašipu as experts in white magic White magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for selfless purposes. Practitioners of white magic have been given titles such as wise men or women, healers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incipits
The incipit ( ) of a text is the first few words of the text, employed as an identifying label. In a musical composition, an incipit is an initial sequence of notes, having the same purpose. The word ''incipit'' comes from Latin and means "it begins". Its counterpart taken from the ending of the text is the explicit. Before the development of titles, texts were often referred to by their incipits, as with for example ''Agnus Dei''. During the medieval period in Europe, incipits were often written in a different script or colour from the rest of the work of which they were a part, and "incipit pages" might be heavily decorated with illumination. Though the word ''incipit'' is Latin, the practice of the incipit predates classical antiquity by several millennia and can be found in various parts of the world. Although not always called by the name of ''incipit'' today, the practice of referring to texts by their initial words remains commonplace. Historical examples Sumerian In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šumma Sinništu Qaqqada Rabât
The text with the incipit protasis Šumma sinništu qaqqada rabât, inscribed in cuneiform: DIŠ MUNUS SAG.DU GAL-''at'', “If a Woman is Large of Head” ( apodosis: ''išarru'', “she will prosper’), is an ancient Mesopotamian collection of physiognomic omens, or oracles based on a woman's anatomical features, where the apodosis either predicts the fortune of the individual or makes snap judgements about them based on their physical appearance. It is an Akkadian two-tablet composition dedicated to a woman's prognostication and is often considered a subsection or extension of the greater twenty-seven tablet work, Alamdimmû, concerning physiognomic omens in general. Synopsis The text as we now have it extends to around 265 lines based on the collation of four extant fragmentary exemplars. It seems to have been intended to draw a comparison between a woman's physical traits and her later, post-marital, personality, thus enabling a suitor to predict her suitability for betroth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th-century BC People
The 11th century is the period from 1001 (represented by the Roman numerals MI) through 1100 (MC) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium. In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages. There was, after a brief ascendancy, a sudden decline of Byzantine power and a rise of Norman domination over much of Europe, along with the prominent role in Europe of notably influential popes. Christendom experienced a formal schism in this century which had been developing over previous centuries between the Latin West and Byzantine East, causing a split in its two largest denominations to this day: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. In Song dynasty China and the classical Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical Chinese civilization, science and technology, and classical Islamic science, philosophy, technology and literature. Rival political factions at the Song dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
