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Sagenomella Keratitidis
''Sagenomella keratitidis'' is a hyphomycete discovered as its own species in 2008 by Sung-Yaon Hsieh et ''al.'' at the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and the National Taiwan University Hospital. History and taxonomy Studies prior to 2009 showed evidence of fungal keratitis development with the use of contact lenses, but very little evidence of the development of keratitis associated with contact lens wear. Fungal keratitis associated with contact lens wear is quite rare when compared to microbial keratitis. Fungal keratitis accounts for only 5% of keratitides. The majority of '' Sagenomella'' species are soil-associated. ''S. keratitidis'' is the first species that is associated with the human eye. It was discovered in 2010 that ''Sagenomella'' can be grouped into three distinct categories, and these groups are not all descended from a common ancestor. DNA sequence analysis studies showed that ''S. keratitidis'' is most closely related to ''Sagenomella sclerotialis'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus" (), a microscopic sexual reproduction, sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of Ascomycota are Asexual reproduction, asexual and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, yeast#Beer, brewers' and bakers' yeast, Xylaria, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (containing all of the descendants of a common ancestor). Previously placed in the Basidiomycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or Teleomorph, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurotiomycetes
Eurotiomycetes is a large class of ascomycetes with cleistothecial ascocarps within the subphylum Pezizomycotina, currently containing around 3810 species according to the Catalogue of Life. It is the third largest lichenized class, with more than 1200 lichen species that are mostly bitunicate in the formation of asci. It contains most of the fungi previously known morphologically as " Plectomycetes". Systematics and phylogeny Internal relationships The class Eurotiomycetes was circumscribed in 1997 by Swedish mycologists Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka. At that time it only contained the order Eurotiales, which together with the next order added, Onygenales, form a monophyletic group comprising most of the fungi in "Plectomycetes", a group no longer in use that unified fungi under exclusively morphological characteristics. As more orders were added to Eurotiomycetes, the first two along with Arachnomycetales became constrained to the first subclass, Eurotiomycetida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurotiales
The Eurotiales are an order of sac fungi, also known as the green and blue molds. It was circumscribed in 1980. Classification Currently the order Eurotiales contains 5 families, 28 genera and 1280 species: *Family Aspergillaceae Monascaceae.html" ;"title="Monascaceae">Monascaceae **''Aspergillago'' – 1 species **''Aspergillus'' – 428 species **''Dichlaena'' – 4 species **''Hamigera (fungus), Hamigera'' – 9 species **''Leiothecium'' – 2 species **''Monascus'' – 38 species **'' Penicilliopsis'' – 15 species **''Penicillium'' – 467 species **'' Phialomyces'' – 5 species **'' Pseudohamigera'' – 1 species **'' Pseudopenicillium'' – 3 species **'' Sclerocleista'' – 2 species **'' Xerochrysium'' – 2 species **'' Xeromyces'' – 1 species *Family Elaphomycetaceae **'' Elaphomyces'' – 101 species **'' Pseudotulostoma'' – 2 species *Family Penicillaginaceae **'' Penicillago'' – 4 species *Family Thermoascaceae **''Paecilomyces'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichocomaceae
The Trichocomaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales. Taxa are saprobes with aggressive colonization strategies, adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. Family members are cosmopolitan in distribution, ubiquitous in soil, and common associates of decaying plant and food material. Taxonomy When first described, the family contained some of the most familiar fungi, such as ''Penicillium'' and ''Aspergillus''. In 2011, it was proposed, that the family should be split into the three families Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. In an updated phylogeny of the Eurotiales published in 2020, there were 8 genera included in the Trichocomaceae. Several more genera are connected to the Trichocomaceae in the Mycobank MycoBank is an online database, documenting new mycological names and combinations, eventually combined with descriptions and illustrations. It is run by the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in Utrecht. Each novelty, after being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sagenomella
''Sagenomella'' is a genus of filamentous Ascomycota fungus that has reported to cause systemic illness in animals. The genus was circumscribed by Walter Gams in 1978. ''Sagenomella chlamydospora'' has been reported to cause a systemic illness in dogs. They are normally considered a non-dermatophytic fungi. Both skeletal and visceral phaeohyphomycosis due to granuloma formation have been reported, and iatrogenic infections associated with wound dehiscence is common. Clinical signs of ''Sagenomella'' spp. infections are often vague and most cases cited report sudden death as a consistent sign. Thick-walled fungal hyphae are usually detected in impression smears from skin lesions. Staining with periodic acid-Schiff stain is usually confirmatory. Species *'' Sagenomella alba'' *'' Sagenomella bohemica'' *''Sagenomella chlamydospora'' *''Sagenomella diversispora'' *''Sagenomella griseoviridis'' *''Sagenomella humicola'' *''Sagenomella keratitidis'' *''Sagenomella ocotl'' *''Sagenome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomycete
Hyphomycetes are a form classification of fungi, part of what has often been referred to as fungi imperfecti, Deuteromycota, or anamorphic fungi. Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies, and are often referred to as moulds (or molds). Most hyphomycetes are now mainly assigned to the Ascomycota, on the basis of genetic connections made by life-cycle studies or by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; somemany remain unassigned phylogenetically. There are also some basidiomycete species, with aquatic presence noted in certain Corticiaceae and Urediniomycetes. Although no longer considered a phylogenetically defined taxon, the prevalence of hyphomycete forms in nature, the built environment, and laboratories means that identification of members this group remains of practical importance. Taxonomic and nomenclatural history Because asexual forms of fungi usually occur separately from their sexual forms, when microscopic fungi began to be studied in the early 19th century, it was of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Taiwan University Hospital
The National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH; ) is a medical facility located in the Zhongzheng District of Taipei, Taiwan. It started operations under Japanese rule in Daitōtei (today's Dadaocheng) on 18 June 1895, and moved to its present location in 1898. The hospital was later annexed to the Medical School of Taihoku Imperial University in 1937. The present name was adopted in 1945 upon its affiliation with National Taiwan University. On 19 October 1991, a large new building complex on the so-called ''East Site'' was completed. The (new) ''East'' and (old) ''West Sites'' together have more than 4,000 employees, serving 2,000 inpatients and 8,000 outpatients daily. Advanced surgical, angiographical, and endoscopic procedures are routinely performed. Transportation The hospital is accessible within walking distance East from NTU Hospital Station of the Taipei Metro. See also * Museum of Medical Humanities * Healthcare in Taiwan * List of hospitals in Taiwan Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Keratitis
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. It is caused by fungal organisms such as ''Fusarium'', ''Aspergillus'' or ''Candida''. Up to 70 different fungi have been found as causes. Fungal keratitis has a worldwide distribution, but is more common in the tropics. Around 1 million people become blind every year due to fungal keratitis. Theodor Leber first described a case of fungal keratitis caused by ''Aspergillus'' in 1879. Signs and symptoms The symptoms of fungal keratitis typically emerge over 5-10 days and present with a painful eye, blurred vision, and redness of eye. There is increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. The symptoms are markedly less as compared to a similar bacterial ulcer. Symptoms may be noted to persist after contact lenses are removed, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phialide
The phialide ( ; , diminutive of phiale, a broad, flat vessel) is a flask-shaped projection from the vesicle (dilated part of the top of conidiophore) of certain fungi. It projects from the mycelium without increasing in length unless a subsequent increase in the formation of conidia occurs. It is the end cell of a phialosphore. See also *Ascomycete Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The def ... References Fungal morphology and anatomy {{mycology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acremonium
''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and produce mostly simple phialides. Their conidia are usually one-celled (i.e. ameroconidia), hyaline or pigmented, globose to cylindrical, and mostly aggregated in slimy heads at the apex of each phialide. '' Epichloë'' species are closely related and were once included in ''Acremonium'', but were later split off into a new genus '' Neotyphodium'', which has now been restructured within the genus '' Epichloë''. Clinical significance The genus ''Acremonium'' contains about 100 species, of which most are saprophytic, being isolated from dead plant material and soil. Many species are recognized as opportunistic pathogens of human and animals, causing eumycetoma, onychomycosis, and hyalohyphomycosis. Infections of humans by fungi of this ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keratitis
Keratitis is a condition in which the human eye, eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflammation, inflamed. The condition is often marked by moderate to intense pain and usually involves any of the following symptoms: pain, impaired eyesight, photophobia (light sensitivity), Red eye (medicine), red eye and a 'gritty' sensation. Diagnosis of infectious keratitis is usually made clinically based on the signs and symptoms as well as eye examination, but corneal scrapings may be obtained and evaluated using microbiological culture or other testing to identify the causative pathogen. Classification (by chronicity) Acute * Acute epithelial keratitis * Nummular keratitis * Interstitial keratitis * Disciform keratitis Chronic * Neurotrophic keratitis * Mucous plaque keratitis Classification (infective) Viral The most common causes of viral keratitis include herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), which cause herpes of the eye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
