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S. Ansky
Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport (1863 – November 8, 1920), also known by his pen name S. An-sky, was a Jewish author, playwright, researcher of Jewish folklore, polemicist, and cultural and political activist. He is best known for his play '' The Dybbuk'' or ''Between Two Worlds'', written in 1914, and for Di Shvue, the anthem of the Jewish socialist Bund. In 1912-1914, he led the Jewish Ethnographic Expedition to the Pale of Settlement. In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, he was elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly as a Social-Revolutionary deputy. Biography Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport was born in Chashniki, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (now Belarus), but spent his childhood in Vitebsk. He was from a poor religious family, and he had only a heder education. His mother ran a tavern. He left his home and moved to Liozno in his late-teens, and worked as a tutor; he was ostracised by his community for "disseminating radical ideas". He wrote his first novel, "H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chashniki
Chashniki is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Chashniki District. It is famous for the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War and the Battle of Chashniki that took place during the French invasion of Russia in 1812. In 2021, its population was 8,092. As of 2025, it has a population of 7,573. Etymology It is believed that the term Chashniki comes from the Belarusian word, (Чашнік) which referred to an official who would pour drinks for the Lithuanian prince. Another possible etymology comes from the , which connects the name of the settlements to n thebowl. History Chashniki is a historical settlement, formerly part of the Polish-Lithuanian Polotsk Voivodeship. The town was formerly home to the Chashniki castle, which was erected during the Livonian War under order of Ivan the Terrible. It burned down during the Great Northern War during the advancement of Peter the Great's troops through the area. Chashniki has histori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist-Revolutionary Party
The Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR; ,, ) was a major socialist political party in the late Russian Empire, during both phases of the Russian Revolution, and in early Soviet Russia. The party members were known as Esers (). The SRs were agrarian socialists and supporters of a democratic socialist Russian republic. The ideological heirs of the Narodniks, the SRs won a mass following among the Russian peasantry by endorsing the overthrow of the Tsar and the redistribution of land to the peasants. The SRs boycotted the elections to the First Duma following the Revolution of 1905 alongside the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, but chose to run in the elections to the Second Duma and received the majority of the few seats allotted to the peasantry. Following the 1907 coup, the SRs boycotted all subsequent Dumas until the fall of the Tsar in the February Revolution of March 1917. Controversially, the party leadership endorsed the Russian Provisional Government and partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaim Zhitlowsky
Chaim Zhitlowsky (Yiddish: חײם זשיטלאָװסקי; ) (April 19, 1865 – May 6, 1943) was a Jewish Socialism, socialist, philosopher, social and political thinker, writer and literary critic born in Ushachy Raion, Ushachy, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Ushachy District, Usachy Raion, Vitebsk Region, Belarus). He was a founding member and theoretician of the Union of Russian Socialist Revolutionaries Abroad and the Socialist Revolutionary Party in Russia, and a key promoter of Yiddishism and Jewish Diaspora politics, Diaspora nationalism, which influenced the Jewish Jewish Territorialist Organization, territorialist and Zionism, nationalist movements. He was an advocate of Yiddish language, Yiddish culture, culture and was a vice-president of the Czernowitz Conference, Czernowitz Yiddish Language Conference of 1908, which declared Yiddish to be "a national language of the Jewish people." Biography Early years Chaim Zhitlowsky was born in 1865, in the small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Dubnow
Simon Dubnow (alternatively spelled Dubnov; ; rus, Семён Ма́ркович Ду́бнов, Semyon Markovich Dubnov, sʲɪˈmʲɵn ˈmarkəvʲɪdʑ ˈdubnəf; 10 September 1860 – 8 December 1941) was a Jewish-Russian Empire, Russian historian, writer and activist. Life and career In 1860, Simon Dubnow was born Shimon Meyerovich Dubnow (Шимон Меерович Дубнов) to a large poor family in the Belarusian town of Mstsislaw (Mogilev Region). A native Yiddish language, Yiddish speaker, he received a traditional Jewish education in a ''heder'' and a ''yeshiva'', where Hebrew language, Hebrew was regularly spoken. Later Dubnow entered into a ''kazyonnoye yevreyskoe uchilishche'' (state Jewish school) where he learned Russian language, Russian. In the midst of his education, the May Laws eliminated these Jewish institutions, and Dubnow was unable to graduate; Dubnow persevered, independently pursuing his interests in history, philosophy, and linguistics. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Chernov
Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov (; 19 November 1873 – 15 April 1952) was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and theorist who was a principal founder and leader of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR). As the party's chief ideologist, he developed the theory of "constructive socialism", which combined elements of Russian populism and Marxism, advocating for a two-stage revolution leading to an agrarian socialist society. Born in Kamyshin to a minor noble and former serf, Chernov became involved in revolutionary circles in his youth. He was instrumental in uniting disparate populist groups to form the PSR in the early 1900s. Chernov's political thought emphasized an alliance between the urban proletariat and the peasantry, with the former as a vanguard, and critiqued orthodox Marxist interpretations of class by including all "toilers" as part of the revolutionary force. He championed land socialization—the transfer of land to communal control for egalitarian use—as a cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petr Lavrov
Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov (14 June O.S. 2 June">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 2 June1823 – 6 February [O.S. 25 January] 1900) was a prominent Russians, Russian theorist of narodism, philosopher, Opinion journalism, publicist, revolutionary, sociologist, and historian. Biography Lavrov was born into a military family of hereditary nobles. His father was a retired artillery officer of the Imperial Russian Army and his mother was from a Russified Swedish merchant family. He entered a military academy and graduated in 1842 as an army officer. He became well-versed in natural science, history, logic, philosophy, and psychology. He also taught mathematics for two decades, being a professor at the Artillery College in St. Petersberg. Lavrov joined the revolutionary movement as a radical in 1862. He was arrested following Karakozov's failed attempt to assassinate Alexander II. Letters and poems which were considered compromisin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekaterinoslav
Dnipro is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper River, Dnipro River, from which it takes its name. Dnipro is the Capital (political), administrative centre of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. It hosts the administration of Dnipro urban hromada. Dnipro has a population of Archeological evidence suggests the site of the present city was settled by Cossacks, Cossack communities from at least 1524. Yekaterinoslav ("glory of Catherine") was established by decree of the Emperor of all the Russias, Russian Empress Catherine the Great in 1787 as the administrative center of Novorossiya Governorate, Novorossiya. From the end of the 19th century, the town attracted foreign capital and an international, multi-ethnic workforce exploiting Kryvbas iron ore and Donbas coal. Renamed Dnipropetrovsk in 1926 after the Ukrainian Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Going To The People
Going to the People was a Populism, populist movement in the Russian Empire. It was largely inspired by the work of Russian theorists such as Mikhail Bakunin and Pyotr Lavrov, who advocated that groups of dedicated revolutionaries could inspire a mass movement (politics), mass movement to overthrow the ruling class, especially as it concerned the peasantry. The anarchist Peter Kropotkin called the experience "the mad summer of 1874". History Background Populism first took root in Russia following the emancipation reform of 1861, when an ideology of national reconciliation between antagonistic social classes began to take hold among Russian intellectuals, who turned their attention to the newly emancipated peasantry. The slogan "To the People!" was first expounded by the "father of Russian socialism" Alexander Herzen, in an 1861 issue of his newspaper ''Kolokol (newspaper), Kolokol'', following the closure of Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg University in respon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narodniki
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism or ,; , similar to the German was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism. The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century. Etymology ''Naród'' (see нарóдъ and нарóд) is the Russian word for people, nation. History Narodnichestvo as a philosophy was influenced by the works of Alexander Herzen (1812–1870) and Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (1828–1889), whose convictions were refined by Pyotr Lavr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liozno
Lyozna or Liozno is an urban-type settlement in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Lyozna District. It is located east-southeast of Vitebsk, close to the border with Russia by the Vitebsk–Smolensk railroad branch and highway, on the Moshna River. As of 2025, it has a population of 6,515. History Lyozna is first mentioned in 1527. In 1654, it was mentioned as a ''shtetl'' (small town with a high Jewish population). World War II In 1939, 711 Jews lived in the settlement, making up 17.3 percent of the population. During the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the settlement was captured on 16 July 1941 by V Army Corps of the 9th Army; it was part of Army Group Centre Rear Area. The ghetto in Lyozna was liquidated at the end of February 1942. Lyozna remained under German military occupation until 8 October 1943. Notable people * Marc Chagall, Belarusian-French painter * Schneur Zalman, the first Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heder
A ''cheder'' (, lit. 'room'; Yiddish pronunciation: ''khéyder'') is a traditional primary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language. History ''Cheders'' were widely found in Europe before the end of the 18th century. Lessons took place in the house of the teacher, known as a '' melamed'', whose wages were paid by the Jewish community or a group of parents. Normally, only boys would attend classes - girls were educated by their mothers in their homes. Where money was scarce and the community could not afford to maintain many teachers, boys of all ages would be taught in a single group. Although traditionally boys start learning the Hebrew alphabet the day they turned three, boys typically entered ''cheder'' school around the age of 5. After learning to read Hebrew, they would immediately begin studying the Torah, starting with the Book of Leviticus. They would usually start learning the Mishnah at around seven years of age and the Talmud (Mishnah, Gemara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitebsk
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk (, ; , ; ) is a city in northern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has 358,927 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base. History Middle Ages Vitebsk developed from a river harbor where the Vićba River (Віцьба, from which it derives its name) flows into the larger Western Dvina, which is spanned in the city by the Kirov Bridge. Archaeological research indicates that Baltic tribes had settlements at the mouth of Vitba. In the 9th century, Slavic settlements of the tribal union of the Krivichs replaced them. According to the '' Chronicle of Michael Brigandine'' (1760), Princess Olga of Kiev founded Vitebsk (also recorded as Dbesk, Vidbesk, Videbsk, Vitepesk, or Vicibesk) in 974. Other versions give 947 or 914. Academician Boris Rybakov an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
