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Rylene Dye
A rylene dye is a dye based on the rylene framework of naphthalene units linked in peri-positions. In homologues additional naphthalene units are added, forming compounds — or ''poly(peri-naphthalene)s'' — such as perylene, terrylene and quarterrylene. Perylene dyes Perylene dyes are useful for their intense visible light absorption, high stability, electron accepting ability, and unity quantum yields.Huang, C., Barlow, S., Marder, S. (2011), Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Diimides: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Use in Organic Electronics. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 76, 2386–2407. Due to these properties, they are actively researched in academia for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, thermographic processes, energy-transfer cascades, light-emitting diodes, and near-infrared-absorbing systems.Weil, T., Vosch, T., Hofkens, J., Peneva, K. and Müllen, K. (2010),'' The Rylene Colorant Family—Tailored Nanoemitters for Photonics Research and Applications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigment Violet 29
Pigment Violet 29 ( C.I. 71129) is an organic compound that is used as a pigmentMichael GreenePerylene PigmentsIn: Hugh M. Smith (ed.). High Performance Pigments. Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002. Retrieved 5 April 2016. and vat dye. Its colour is dark red purple, or bordeaux.The Color of Art Pigment Database: Pigment Violet ''artiscreation.com'', David Myers. Retrieved 5 April 2016. Structurally, it is a derivative of , although it is produced from . It is a less common dye compared to related derivatives such as [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white Crystal, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 Parts-per notation, ppm by mass. As an Aromaticity, aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. History In the early 1820s, two separate reports described a white solid with a pungent odor derived from the distillation of coal tar. In 1821, John Kidd (chemist), John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. He proposed the name ''naphthaline'', as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha (a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture, including coal tar). Naphthalene's chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday in 1826. The structure of two f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perylene
Perylene or perilene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C20H12, occurring as a brown solid. It or its derivatives may be carcinogenic, and it is considered to be a hazardous pollutant. In cell membrane cytochemistry, perylene is used as a fluorescent lipid probe. It is the parent compound of a class of rylene dyes. Reactions Like other polycyclic aromatic compounds, perylene is reduced by alkali metals to give a deeply colored radical anion and a dianion. The diglyme solvates of these salts have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Emission Perylene displays blue fluorescence. It is used as a blue-emitting dopant material in OLEDs, either pure or substituted. Perylene can also be used as an organic photoconductor. It has an absorption maximum at 434 nm, and as with all polycyclic aromatic compounds, low water solubility (1.2 x 10−5 mmol/L). Perylene has a molar absorptivity of 38,500 M−1cm−1 at 435.7 nm. Image:Peryle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photovoltaic
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. The photovoltaic effect is commercially used for electricity generation and as photosensors. A photovoltaic system employs solar modules, each comprising a number of solar cells, which generate electrical power. PV installations may be ground-mounted, rooftop-mounted, wall-mounted or floating. The mount may be fixed or use a solar tracker to follow the sun across the sky. Photovoltaic technology helps to mitigate climate change because it emits much less carbon dioxide than fossil fuels. Solar PV has specific advantages as an energy source: once installed, its operation does not generate any pollution or any greenhouse gas emissions; it shows scalability in respect of power needs and silicon has large availability in the Earth's crust, although other materials required in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light-emitting Diode
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device. Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared (IR) light. Infrared LEDs are used in remote-control circuits, such as those used with a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing small incandescent bulbs, and in seven-segment displays. Later developments produced LEDs available in visible, ultraviolet (U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HOMO/LUMO
In chemistry, HOMO and LUMO are types of molecular orbitals. The acronyms stand for ''highest occupied molecular orbital'' and ''lowest unoccupied molecular orbital'', respectively. HOMO and LUMO are sometimes collectively called the ''frontier orbitals'', such as in the frontier molecular orbital theory. Gap The energy difference between the HOMO and LUMO is ''the HOMO–LUMO gap''. Its size can be used to predict the strength and stability of transition metal complexes, as well as the colors they produce in solution. As a rule of thumb, the smaller a compound's HOMO–LUMO gap, the less stable the compound. Recent quantum‐chemical analyses of over 700 compounds demonstrated that terrestrial secondary metabolites exhibit HOMO–LUMO gaps on average about 2 eV narrower than organic molecules found in carbonaceous meteorites, and that combining gap width with hydrophilicity creates a robust discriminator between biotic and abiotic chemistries. This suggests that the HOMO–LU ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride
Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is an organic dye molecule and an organic semiconductor. It is used as a precursor to a class of molecules known as Rylene dyes, which are useful as pigments and dyes. It is a dark red solid with low solubility in aromatic solvents. The compound has attracted much interest as an organic semiconductor. Structure PTCDA consists of a perylene core to which two anhydride groups have been attached, one at either side. It occurs in two crystalline forms, α and β. Both have the P21/c monoclinic symmetry and a density of ca. 1.7 g/cm3, which is relatively high for organic compounds. Their lattice parameters are: Self-assembly and films Use The main industrial use of PTCDA is as a precursor to Rylene dye A rylene dye is a dye based on the rylene framework of naphthalene units linked in peri-positions. In homologues additional naphthalene units are added, forming compounds — or ''poly(peri-naphthalene)s'' — such as perylene, terry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDI Scheme
PDI may refer to: Organizations * Investigations Police of Chile () * Party for Justice and Integration (), an Albanian political party * Pacific Data Images, former US computer animation company * Paul Drude Institute for solid state electronics, German research institute * ''Philippine Daily Inquirer'', a newspaper * Plumbing & Drainage Institute, US * Ideal Democratic Party, political party in Rwanda * ''Partai Demokrasi Indonesia'' (Indonesian Democratic Party) (1973–2004), a defunct political party * ''Polo Democrático Independiente'' (Independent Democratic Pole), a Colombian democratic political party Chemistry and biochemistry * Pyridinediimine, organic compounds used as ligands * Perylenediimide, a rylene dye * Photodynamic inactivation, or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy * Protein dispersibility index, in water * Protein disulfide isomerase, an enzyme * Polydispersity index, molecular weight distribution of polymers * Pentamethylene diisocyanate, a bio-based d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imide
In organic chemistry, an imide is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups bound to nitrogen. The compounds are structurally related to acid anhydrides, although imides are more resistant to hydrolysis. In terms of commercial applications, imides are best known as components of high-strength polymers, called Polyimide, polyimides. Inorganic imides are also known as solid state or gaseous compounds, and the imido group (=NH) can also act as a ligand. Examples Simple example is diacetamide with the formula , formally the diacetylated derivative of ammonia. Commonly encountered imides, however, are cyclic, being derived from dicarboxylic acids. A common example is succinimide derived from succinic acid and ammonia. The names of these cyclic imides reflect the parent acid. Many imides are derived from primary amines as opposed to ammonia. These are indicated by ''N''-substituent in the prefix. For example, N-ethylsuccinimide is derived from succinic acid and ethylamine. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, silvery-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12 element, group 12, zinc and mercury (element), mercury. Like zinc, it demonstrates oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds, and like mercury, it has a lower melting point than the transition metals in group 3 element, groups 3 through group 11 element, 11. Cadmium and its Congener (chemistry), congeners in group 12 are often not considered transition metals, in that they do not have partly filled ''d'' or ''f'' electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states. The average concentration of cadmium in Earth's crust is between 0.1 and 0.5 parts per million (ppm). It was discovered in 1817 simultaneously by Friedrich Stromeyer, Stromeyer and Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann, Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
