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Ruthenium Pentacarbonyl
Ruthenium pentacarbonyl is the ruthenium compound with the formula Ru(CO)5. It is a colorless, light-sensitive liquid that readily decarbonylates upon standing at room temperature. It is of academic interest as an intermediate for the synthesis of metal carbonyl complexes. Preparation Ru(CO)5 was originally prepared by carbonylation of ruthenium salts in the presence of a reducing agent.W. Manchot, Wilhelm J. Manchot "Darstellung von Rutheniumcarbonylen und -nitrosylen" Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 1936, volume 226, pp. 385-415. A more recent preparation involves photolysis of triruthenium dodecacarbonyl in the presence of carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the si ...:Adams, R. D.; Barnard, T. S.; Cortopassi, J. E.; Wu, W.; Li, Z. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium Compounds
Ruthenium compounds are compounds containing the element ruthenium (Ru). Ruthenium compounds can have oxidation states ranging from 0 to +8, and −2. The properties of ruthenium and osmium Chemical compound, compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The most prevalent precursor is ruthenium trichloride, a red solid that is poorly defined chemically but versatile synthetically. Oxides and chalcogenides Ruthenium can be oxidation, oxidized to ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO2, oxidation state +4), which can, in turn, be oxidized by Sodium periodate, sodium metaperiodate to the volatile yellow tetrahedral ruthenium tetroxide, RuO4, an aggressive, strong oxidizing agent with structure and properties analogous to osmium tetroxide. RuO4 is mostly used as an intermediate in the purification of ruthenium from ores and radiowastes. Dipotassium ruthenate (K2RuO4, +6) and potassium perruthenate (KRuO4, +7) are also known. Unlike osmium tetroxide, ruthenium tetroxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decarbonylation
In chemistry, decarbonylation is a type of organic reaction that involves the loss of carbon monoxide (CO). It is often an undesirable reaction, since it represents a degradation. In the chemistry of metal carbonyls, decarbonylation describes a substitution process, whereby a CO ligand is replaced by another ligand. Organic chemistry In the absence of metal catalysts, decarbonylation (vs decarboxylation) is rarely observed in organic chemistry Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain .... One exception is the decarbonylation of formic acid: :HOH → + The reaction is induced by sulfuric acid, which functions as both a catalyst and a Dehydration reaction, dehydrating agent. Via this reaction, formic acid is occasionally employed as a source of CO in the laboratory in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal Carbonyl Complex
A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. These properties are all associated with having electrons available at the Fermi level, as against nonmetallic materials which do not. Metals are typically ductile (can be drawn into a wire) and malleable (can be shaped via hammering or pressing). A metal may be a chemical element such as iron; an alloy such as stainless steel; or a molecular compound such as polymeric sulfur nitride. The general science of metals is called metallurgy, a subtopic of materials science; aspects of the electronic and thermal properties are also within the scope of condensed matter physics and solid-state chemistry, it is a multidisciplinary topic. In colloquial use materials such as steel alloys are referred to as metals, while others such as polymers, wood or ceramics are nonmetallic materials. A metal conducts electricity at a temperature of absolute zero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonylation
In chemistry, carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide (CO) into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. The term carbonylation also refers to oxidation of protein side chains. Organic chemistry Several industrially useful organic chemicals are prepared by carbonylations, which can be highly selective reactions. Carbonylations produce organic carbonyls, i.e., compounds that contain the functional group such as aldehydes (), carboxylic acids () and esters (). Carbonylations are the basis of many types of reactions, including hydroformylation and Reppe reactions. These reactions require metal catalysts, which bind and activate the CO. These processes involve transition metal acyl complexes as intermediates. Much of this theme was developed by Walter Reppe. Hydroformylation Hydroformylation entails the addition of both carbon monoxide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photolysis
Photodissociation, photolysis, photodecomposition, or photofragmentation is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a chemical compound are broken down by absorption of light or photons. It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule that dissociates into two fragments. Here, “light” is broadly defined as radiation spanning the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. To break covalent bonds, photon energies corresponding to visible, UV, or VUV light are typically required, whereas IR photons may be sufficiently energetic to detach ligands from coordination complexes or to fragment supramolecular complexes. Photolysis in photosynthesis Photolysis is part of the light-dependent reaction, light phase, photochemical phase, or Hill reaction of photosynthesis. The general reaction of photosynthetic photolysis can be given in terms of photons as: :\ce + 2 \text \longri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triruthenium Dodecacarbonyl
Triruthenium dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Ru3(CO)12. Classified as metal carbonyl cluster, it is a dark orange-colored solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. The compound serves as a precursor to other organoruthenium compounds. Structure and synthesis The cluster has ''D3h'' symmetry, consisting of an equilateral triangle of Ru atoms, each of which bears two axial and two equatorial CO ligands. The Ru-Ru distance is 284 pm. Os3(CO)12 has the same structure. In Fe3(CO)12, two CO ligands are bridging, resulting in C2v symmetry. In solution, is fluxional as indicated by the observation of a single CO signal in the room temperature 13C NMR spectrum. The barrier is estimated at 20 kJ/mol is prepared by treating solutions of ruthenium trichloride with carbon monoxide in the presence of a base. Dichlororuthenium tricarbonyl dimer is an intermediate. The stoichiometry of the reaction is uncertain, one possibility being the following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon, carbon oxide. In coordination complexes, the carbon monoxide ligand is called ''metal carbonyl, carbonyl''. It is a key ingredient in many processes in industrial chemistry. The most common source of carbon monoxide is the partial combustion of carbon-containing compounds. Numerous environmental and biological sources generate carbon monoxide. In industry, carbon monoxide is important in the production of many compounds, including drugs, fragrances, and fuels. Indoors CO is one of the most acutely toxic contaminants affecting indoor air quality. CO may be emitted from tobacco smoke and generated from malfunctioning fuel-burning stoves (wood, kerosene, natural gas, propane) and fuel-burning heating systems (wood, oil, n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triosmium Dodecacarbonyl
Triosmium dodecacarbonyl is a chemical compound with the formula Os3(CO)12. This yellow-colored metal carbonyl cluster is an important precursor to organo-osmium compounds. Many of the advances in cluster chemistry have arisen from studies on derivatives of Os3(CO)12 and its lighter analogue Ru3(CO)12. Structure and synthesis The cluster has D3h symmetry, consisting of an equilateral triangle of Os atoms, each of which bears two axial and two equatorial CO ligands. Each of the three osmium centers has an octahederal structure with four CO ligands and the other two osmium atoms. The Os–Os bond distance is 2.88 Å (288 pm). Ru3(CO)12 has the same structure, whereas Fe3(CO)12 is different, with two bridging CO ligands resulting in C2v symmetry. In solution, is fluxional as indicated by 13C NMR measurements. The barrier is estimated at 70 kJ/mol Os3(CO)12 is prepared by the direct reaction of OsO4 with carbon monoxide at 175 °C under high pressures: : 3 OsO4 + ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenium Complexes
Ruthenium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is unreactive to most chemicals. Karl Ernst Claus, a Russian scientist of Baltic-German ancestry, discovered the element in 1844 at Kazan State University and named it in honor of Russia. (He used the Latin name ''Ruthenia'', which can have other meanings, but specifically stated that the element was named in honor of his "motherland".) Ruthenium is usually found as a minor component of platinum ores; the annual production has risen from about 19 tonnes in 2009 to some 35.5 tonnes in 2017. Most ruthenium produced is used in wear-resistant electrical contacts and thick-film resistors. A minor application for ruthenium is in platinum alloys and as a chemical catalyst. A new application of ruthenium is as the capping layer for extreme ultraviolet photomasks. Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
