|
Russo-Georgian War
The August 2008 Russo-Georgian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Georgia,Occasionally, the war is also referred to by other names, such as the Five-Day War and August War. was a war waged against Georgia by the Russian Federation and the Russian-backed separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century. Georgia declared its independence from the Soviet Union in April 1991, following a referendum during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. However, fighting (1991–92) between Georgia and Ossetian separatists resulted in parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast being under the ''de facto'' control of Russian-backed but internationally unrecognised separatists. In 1992, a joint peacekeeping force of Georgian, Russian, and Ossetian troops was stationed in the territory. A similar stalemate developed in the region of Abkhazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post–Cold War Era
The –Cold War era is a period of history that follows the end of the Cold War, which represents history after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. This period saw many former Soviet republics become sovereign states, as well as the introduction of market economies in Eastern Europe. This period also marked the United States becoming the world's sole superpower. Relative to the Cold War, the period is characterized by stabilization and disarmament. Both the United States and Russia significantly reduced their nuclear stockpiles. The former Eastern Bloc became democratic and was integrated into the world economy. In the first two decades of the period, NATO underwent three enlargements, and France reintegrated into the NATO command. Russia formed the Collective Security Treaty Organization to replace the dissolved Warsaw Pact, established a strategic partnership with China and several other countries, and entered the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012. He is the longest-serving Russian president since the independence of Russia from the Soviet Union. Putin worked as a KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of Lieutenant colonel (Eastern Europe), lieutenant colonel. He resigned in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg. In 1996, he moved to Moscow to join the administration of President Boris Yeltsin. He briefly served as the director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and then as Secretary of the Security Council of Russia, secretary of the Security Council of Russia before Putin's rise to power, being appointed prime minister in August 1999. Following Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became Actin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lado Gurgenidze
Vladimer "Lado" Gurgenidze ( ka, ვლადიმერ ��ადოგურგენიძე; born 7 December 1970) is a Georgian career banker, business executive, and former politician, who was the sixth Prime Minister of Georgia, from 22 November 2007 to 1 November 2008. Early life Gurgenidze was born on 7 December 1970 in Tbilisi, Georgia. He received an MBA degree from Goizueta Business School of Emory University (Georgia, USA) in 1993, following undergraduate studies at Middlebury College (Vermont, USA) and Tbilisi State University. Early banking career Gurgenidze is a career banker. After a decade spent at several investment banks in Eastern Europe and London. Gurgenidze returned to his native Georgia following the Rose Revolution and spearheaded, as Executive Chairman and CEO, the turnaround of Bank of Georgia. During Lado’s three-year tenure Bank of Georgia’s Total Assets and Net Income increased by 854% and 1,779%, respectively. As its market share gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikheil Saakashvili
Mikheil "Misha" Saakashvili (born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist. He was the third president of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. He is the founder and former chairman of Georgia's United National Movement (Georgia), United National Movement party. From May 2015 until November 2016, Saakashvili was the Governor of Odesa Oblast, governor of Ukraine's Odesa Oblast. After resigning, he was temporarily exiled, but returned in 2019 under a new President. Saakashvili returned to Georgia in 2021, and has been imprisoned there since then. Saakashvili entered Georgian politics in 1995 as a Parliament of Georgia, member of parliament and Ministry of Justice of Georgia, Minister of Justice under President Eduard Shevardnadze. He then founded the opposition United National Movement party. In 2003, as a leading opposition figure, he accused the government of rigging the 2003 Georgian parliamentary election, trigg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirab Kishmaria
Mirab Boris-ipa Kishmaria (, ka, მერაბ ქიშმარია, ) is a former Abkhaz politician and army general who served as the Minister of Defence of the disputed Republic of Abkhazia from 2015 until 2020. Early life and career Mirab Kishmaria was born 3 August 1961 in Ochamchire in what was then the Abkhazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1984 he graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher Combined Arms Command School. From June 1987 until February 1989 Kishmaria fought with the 40th division of the Soviet army in Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde .... During the 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia, Kishmaria was commander of the eastern front of the Abkhazian army, in the Ochamchire district. Political career In 2002, Kishmaria became co-cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Bagapsh
Sergei Uasyl-ipa Bagapsh, (4 March 1949 – 29 May 2011) was an Abkhaz politician who served as the second President of Abkhazia from 12 February 2005 until his death on 29 May 2011. He previously served as Prime Minister of Abkhazia from 1997 to 1999. He was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election. Bagapsh's term as prime minister included the 1998 war with Georgia, while he oversaw both the recognition of Abkhazia by Russia and the Russo-Georgian War during his presidency. Born in 1949 in Sukhumi, Bagapsh became a businessman following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as well as a representative of Abkhazian interests in Russia. Bagapsh became Prime Minister of Abkhazia in 1997, overseeing a brief, but successful, war with Georgia during a high point of tensions and the displacement of 30,000 Georgian civilians. In 2004, Bagapsh founded the United Abkhazia party in opposition to then-President Vladislav Ardzinba. The same year, Bagapsh ran for President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Mindzaev
Mikhail Mayramovich Mindzaev (also spelled Mindzayev, ; born 28 September 1955) is a former Russian police officer and government official. Married to Manana Mindzaeva since 1973. He was Minister of Internal Affairs in the ''de facto'' government of South Ossetia, a breakaway entity in Georgia, from 2005 to 2008, including throughout the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. The International Criminal Court (ICC) indicted him for war crimes against Georgian civilians and issued an arrest warrant in 2022. Biography Born in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetian ASSR (now North Ossetia–Alania), Russian SFSR, in 1955, Mindzaev served in the Soviet and then Russian Internal Troops, rising to the rank of colonel in 2005. In April 2005, Mindzaev — by that time Deputy Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of North Ossetia–Alania — was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs in the secessionist government of South Ossetia. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in 2007. When hos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Kokoity
Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty (; born 31 October 1964) is an Ossetian politician who served as the second president of South Ossetia of the partially recognized state of South Ossetia from 2001 to 2011. Early life Eduard Kokoyty was born in Tskhinvali, in the Georgian SSR, a part of the Soviet Union at the time. He was a member, and champion, of the Soviet Union's national wrestling team. Prior to 1989, he was the First Secretary of the Tskhinvali branch of the Komsomol, the Young Communist League. He moved to Moscow in 1992, where he became a businessman, after learning about capitalism. In 2001, he moved back to South Ossetia. 2001 presidential election Kokoyty was elected president, at the age of 38, with a majority in the presidential elections of November–December 2001. In the first round of the elections on 18 November 2001, he collected 45% of the vote, with Stanislav Kochiev collecting 24%, and incumbent Lyudvig Chibirov collecting 21%. In the Second and final roun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Khrulyov
Colonel General Anatoly Nikolayevich Khrulyov (; Naro-Fominsk; born 3 June 1955) is a Russian general who was the commander of the Russian 58th Army from 2006 until his retirement in 2010. He saw service in South Ossetia during the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, in the course of which he was wounded when his military column moving into Tskhinvali was attacked by Georgian forces on 9 August 2008. On 18 May 2015, he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the armed forces of Georgia's breakaway Republic of Abkhazia Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It covers and has a population of around 245,000 ..., in which position he was succeeded, 3 August 2018, by Major General Vasily Lunyov, also a career Russian officer. References 1955 births Living people People from Naro-Fominsky District Russian colonel generals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyacheslav Borisov
Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Borisov (; 12 January 1955 – 4 November 2021) was a Russian major general. He took part in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War as a commanding officer in South Ossetia. The International Criminal Court (ICC) collected evidence against Borisov, who, according to a ICC prosecutor, was "believed to have intentionally contributed to the execution" of Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in South Ossetia, war crimes against Georgian civilians, but Borisov died before the ICC investigation was concluded. Early life and career Borisov was born in Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast, Ruza, near Moscow, during the rule of the Soviet Union. He graduated from the Sverdlovsk, Russia, Sverdlovsk Suvorov Military School. He joined the Soviet Military in 1976, when he graduated from the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, Ryazan Higher Airborne College and was commissioned into the airborne forces. A good officer, he rose through the ranks and in 1990 he graduated from the M. V. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Shamanov
Vladimir Anatolievich Shamanov (, born 15 February 1957) is a retired Colonel General of the Military of Russia, Russian Armed Forces who was Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Airborne Troops (VDV) from May 2009 to October 2016 and a Russian politician. After his retirement in October 2016, Shamanov became head of the State Duma Defense Committee. Biography Vladimir Shamanov entered the Tashkent Higher Tank Command School in 1974. He commanded a battalion in the 76th Guards Air Assault Division in 1985–86, attended the Frunze Academy, graduated in 1989, was a deputy airborne regiment commander in Moldova, regimental commander in Azerbaijan, became division chief of staff for 7th Guards Airborne Division in Novorossiysk, fought in the Chechen War, and became there the senior commander for the Ground Forces there in April 1996. He received the Hero of the Russian Federation decoration for his service in Chechnya, but human-rights groups have criticized him strongly for war cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marat Kulakhmetov
Marat Minyurovich Kulakhmetov (, ; born 1959 in Penza) is a Major General of the Russian Army and former commander of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces in South Ossetia, a breakaway region of Georgia. He was appointed by President Vladimir Putin as Russia's ambassador to South Ossetia (occupied by Russia) in May 2017. Kulakhmetov was born in Penza to Tatar parents. He graduated from Frunze Military Academy in Moscow in 1991. In the early 2000s, he served as commander of 19th Motor Rifle Division of the Russian Armed Forces deployed in Russia's Republic of North Ossetia. During his tenure as a commander of the Peacekeeping Forces in South Ossetia from 2004 to 2008, Georgia accused him of supporting the South Ossetian separatists and raised the question of substituting the Russian-led peacekeeping operation with an Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe force prior to the 2008 Russo-Georgian War The August 2008 Russo-Georgian War, also known as the Russian invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
