Russian Interference In European Politics
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Russian Interference In European Politics
Starting in 2016, Russia has made efforts to influence Politics of Europe, European politics, in particular, to promote Russian goals, to undermine support for Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War, and to Destabilisation, destabilize Europe. An important organization in these efforts is the Voice of Europe, a media outlet led by Viktor Medvedchuk and Artem Marchevsky. The Voice of Europe was established in May 2023, headquartered in Prague. Early investigations by Czech Republic, Czech authorities determined that the Voice of Europe was one of several uncovered influence operations on European politics. In 2024 Security Information Service, the Czech Secret Intelligence Service (BIS) uncovered a Russian state-financed pro-Russian influence network with the public outlet Voice of Europe, using Right-wing politics, right-wing and Euroscepticism, Eurosceptic politicians to influence the Elections to the European Parliament, European elections and other elections. The network is suspected ...
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Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ...
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ...
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De Tijd
''De Tijd'' (; ) is a Belgian daily newspaper that mainly focuses on business and economics. It is published by Mediafin and mainly distributed in Flanders and Brussels. It is the Flemish counterpart of the French-language daily '' L'Echo'', which is its sister paper. History and profile Established as ''De Financieel-Economische Tijd'' () in 1968, in 2003 the paper was renamed as ''De Tijd''. ''De Tijd'' is printed on salmon pink paper since May 2009, following the example of its colleagues ''Financial Times'', '' Het Financieele Dagblad'', '' FT Deutschland'' and many more. ''De Tijd'' is owned by De Persgroep (50%) and Rossel (50%). The current editor-in-chief of ''De Tijd'' is . It is published in the Dutch language. ''De Tijd'' is a typical financial daily, covering economy and business, financial markets and national and international politics. The paper is the main information source for Belgian managers (CIM-survey 2009). It is published from Tuesday to Saturday with ...
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Filip Brusselmans
Filip Brusselmans (born 30 October 1997) is a Belgian politician and political activist. Early life Brusselmans was born in Sint-Niklaas. He studied political science at the University of Antwerp where he became active in the Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond. Career Since 2019, Brusselmans has been a member of the Flemish Parliament for Vlaams Belang and is currently the youngest representative to serve in the Flemish Parliament. He was elected as chairman of the VB's youth wing ''Vlaams Belang Jongeren'' in 2020. In January 2018, Brusselmans made headlines and caused some controversy when he criticized the media attention given to the gender reassignment of transgender Belgian television presenter Bo Van Spilbeeck, which he described as a "surrender to the absurd". In December 2018, Brusselmans and Dries Van Langenhove helped to organize the ''March against Marrakesh'' along with several Flemish nationalist groups such as ''Vlaams Belang Jongeren,'' ''Voorpost Voorpost ( ...
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Dutch Withdrawal From The European Union
Nexit (a portmanteau of "Netherlands" and "exit") is the hypothetical withdrawal of the Netherlands from the European Union. The most recent opinion poll on the subject, in January 2020, showed a 33% minority favouring withdrawal. Political initiatives Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte called the possibility of a referendum "utterly irresponsible" and dangerous to the country. Political parties that are Hard Eurosceptic or calling for a referendum on European Union membership are the right-wing populistMerijn Oudenampsen (2013). " Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism. In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. ''Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse''. A&C Black. p. 191. Party for Freedom and Forum for Democracy. Public opinion Polling A poll in the Netherlands by the Pew Research Center in June 2016, conducted before the British referendum which led to the withdrawal of the UK from the EU, found 51% of th ...
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Forum For Democracy
Forum for Democracy ( ; FvD) is a far-right political party in the Netherlands, originally founded as a think tank by Thierry Baudet and Henk Otten in 2015 before registering itself as a party the following year. The FvD first participated in elections in the 2017 general election, winning two seats in the House of Representatives. At the time of its conception, the FvD was a conservative liberal and Eurosceptic movement positioned on the right-wing of the political spectrum. During its initial years, the FvD was defined as a national conservative political party focused on opposing Dutch membership of the European Union, political reform and protection of Dutch culture. Following the 2017 general election, the FvD saw a period of popularity in opinion polls and grew to become the largest party during the 2019 Dutch provincial elections. However, it underwent an ideological change and adopted increasingly radical policies and messages following the departure of several o ...
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Politico
''Politico'' (stylized in all caps), known originally as ''The Politico'', is an American political digital newspaper company founded by American banker and media executive Robert Allbritton in 2007. It covers politics and policy in the United States and internationally, with publications dedicated to politics in the U.S., European Union, United Kingdom, and Canada, among others. Primarily providing distributed news, analysis and opinion online, it also produces printed newspapers, radio, and podcasts. Its coverage focuses on topics such as the federal government, lobbying and the media. Ideologically, ''Politicos coverage has been described as centrist on American politics and Atlanticist on international politics. In 2021, ''Politico'' was acquired for reportedly over US$1 billion by Axel Springer SE, a German news publisher and media company. Axel Springer is Europe's largest newspaper publisher and had previously acquired '' Business Insider''. Unlike employees of its ...
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European Green Deal
The European Green Deal, approved in 2020, is a set of policy initiatives by the European Commission with the overarching aim of making the European Union (EU) climate neutral in 2050. The plan is to review each existing law on its climate merits, and also introduce new legislation on the circular economy (CE), building renovation, biodiversity, farming and innovation. The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, stated that the European Green Deal would be Europe's "man on the moon moment". On 13 December 2019, the European Council decided to press ahead with the plan, with an opt-out for Poland. On 15 January 2020, the European Parliament voted to support the deal as well, with requests for higher ambition. A year later, the European Climate Law was passed, which legislated that greenhouse gas emissions should be 55% lower in 2030 compared to 1990. The Fit for 55 package is a large set of proposed legislation detailing how the European Union plans to rea ...
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Parool
''Het Parool'' () is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. It was first published on 10 February 1941 as a resistance paper during the German occupation of the Netherlands (1940–1945). In English, its name means ''The Password'' or ''The Motto''. History Second World War The paper was preceded by a stenciled newsletter which was started in May 1940 by Frans Goedhart. In late 1940, Wim van Norden joined the group of producers of the newsletter; Van Norden would later serve as director of the newspaper between 1945 and 1979. Jaap Nunes Vaz also became involved with the newspaper. In 1944, the paper, albeit illegal and vigorously persecuted, reached a circulation of approximately 100,000, and it was distributed by the Dutch resistance. Other important contributors were Simon Carmiggelt and Max Nord, who lived with Van Norden and their families on the Reguliersgracht, in the headquarters of the paper, which was never discovered by the German occupiers. Numerous staff were ap ...
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General Directorate For Internal Security
The General Directorate for Internal Security (, , DGSI; also known as the Directorate-General for Internal Security in English) is a French security agency. It is charged with counter-espionage, counter-terrorism, countering cybercrime and surveillance of potentially threatening groups, organisations and social phenomena. The agency was created in 2008 under the name Central Directorate of Interior Intelligence (, DCRI), merging the '' Direction centrale des renseignements généraux'' (RG) and the '' Direction de la surveillance du territoire'' (DST) of the National Police. It acquired its current name in 2014, with a small structural shift: contrary to the DCRI which was part of the National Police, the DGSI reports directly to the Ministry of the Interior. The DGSI is headed by General Director . The agency is informally known as the "RG", a nickname formerly used for the '''' which merged into it. The DGSI performs among the others the following tasks: prevents and halts ...
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Le Monde
(; ) is a mass media in France, French daily afternoon list of newspapers in France, newspaper. It is the main publication of Le Monde Group and reported an average print circulation, circulation of 480,000 copies per issue in 2022, including 40,000 sold abroad. It has been available online since 1995, and it is often the only French newspaper easily obtainable in non-French-speaking countries. It should not be confused with the monthly publication ', of which has 51% ownership but is editorially independent. is considered one of the French newspapers of record, along with ''Libération'' and . A Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Reuters Institute poll in 2021 found that is the most trusted French newspaper. The paper's journalistic side has a collegial form of organization, in which most journalists are tenured, unionized, and financial stakeholders in the business. While shareholders appoint the company's CEO, the editor is elected by ''Le Monde''s journali ...
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Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra since 2017. He was Ministry of Economy and Finance (France), Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs under President François Hollande between 2014 and 2016. He has been a member of Renaissance (French political party), Renaissance since he founded it in 2016. Born in Amiens, Macron studied philosophy at Paris Nanterre University. He completed a master's degree in public affairs at Sciences Po and graduated from the in 2004. He worked as a senior civil servant at the Inspection générale des finances, Inspectorate General of Finances and investment banker at Rothschild & Co. Appointed Élysée Palace, Élysée deputy secretary-general by President Hollande after 2012 French presidential election, the 2012 election, Macron was a senior adviser to Hollande. Appointed Economics Minister in 2014, in the second Valls g ...
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