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Russian Fort Elizabeth
Pāʻulaʻula State Historical Park is a National Historic Landmark and is administered as the Pāʻulaʻula State Historical Park just southeast of present-day Waimea on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. It is the last remaining Native Hawaiian fort on the Hawaiian islands, built in the early 19th century by natives with an Italian-based design provided by a German traveler who arrived on a Russian-American Company ship, as a project of High Chief Kaumualii. The star fort was employed by the Kingdom of Hawaii in the 19th century under the name Fort Hipo (). History In 1815, German physician Georg Anton Schäffer, an agent of the Russian-American Company, arrived in Hawaii to retrieve goods seized by Kaumualii, chief of Kauai island.Khlebnikov, K.T., 1973, Baranov, Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America, Kingston: The Limestone Press, According to the company instructions, Schäffer had to begin by establishing friendly relations with Kamehameha I, who had created a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise Of Baden)
Elizabeth Alexeievna (; Romanization of Russian, romanization: ''Elizaveta Alekseyevna''; – ), born Princess Louise of Baden (), was List of Russian royal consorts, Empress of Russia during her marriage to Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I. Princess of Baden Elizabeth Alexeievna was born in Karlsruhe, on as Princess Louise Maria Auguste of Margraviate of Baden, Baden of the House of Zähringen. She was the third of seven children of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, and his wife, Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. At birth, the child was so small and weak that doctors feared that she would not live. Louise grew up in a close, warm family environment. She would remain particularly attached to her mother, with whom she maintained an intimate correspondence until her death (the Margravine of Baden outlived her daughter). She received a thoughtful education at the Baden court. She spoke and wrote both in French language, French and German language, German; s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armament
A weapon, arm, or armament is any implement or device that is used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime (e.g., murder), law enforcement, self-defense, warfare, or suicide. In a broader context, weapons may be construed to include anything used to gain a tactical, strategic, material, or mental advantage over an adversary or enemy target. While ordinary objects such as rocks and bottles can be used as weapons, many objects are expressly designed for the purpose; these range from simple implements such as clubs and swords to complicated modern firearms, tanks, missiles and biological weapons. Something that has been repurposed, converted, or enhanced to become a weapon of war is termed ''weaponized'', such as a weaponized virus or weaponized laser. History The use of weapons has been a major driver of cultural evolution and human history up to today si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdemar Knudsen
Valdemar Emil Knudsen (August 5, 1820 – January 5, 1898) was a sugarcane Sugar plantations in Hawaii, plantation pioneer on west Kauai, Hawaii. Background Valdemar Emil Knudsen was born in Kristiansand, in Vest-Agder county, Norway. He was college-trained in botany and science in Copenhagen. Knudsen was successful both as a publisher in New York City and as a merchant during the California gold rush of the 1840s. He learned the languages of the local Indians and helped them with advice in legal matters. In November 1849, he was part of the California Constitution , California Constitutional Convention. Career Knudsen arrived in Kekaha, Kauai, Hawaii in 1856. He managed the Grove Farm (Lihue, Hawaii), Grove Farm Plantation which was then owned by Hermann A. Widemann. The Kingdom of Hawaii contracted with Knudsen for the removal of armaments from Russian Fort Elizabeth, east of the town of Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii, Waimea. In a letter sent to Honolulu, Knudsen listed an invent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Alexander Of Georgia
Prince Alexander of Georgia ( ka, ალექსანდრე ბატონიშვილი, ''aleksandre batonishvili''; 1770–1844) was a Georgian royal prince (''batonishvili'') of the Bagrationi dynasty, who headed several insurrections against the Georgia within the Russian Empire, Russian rule in Georgia. He was known as Eskandar Mīrzā () in Qajar Iran, Persia, ''tsarevich'' Aleksandr Irakliyevich () in Russia, and Alexander Mirza in Western Europe. Alexander was a son of the penultimate king of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti in eastern Georgia (country), Georgia, Heraclius II of Georgia, Heraclius II, who entrusted him various military and administrative tasks. After the death of Heraclius in 1798, he opposed the accession of his half-brother George XII of Georgia, George XII and the new king's renewed quest for Russian Empire, Russian protection. After the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801, Alexander fled the country and spent decades in a series of attempts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. ''Rebellion'' comes from Latin ''re'' and ''bellum'', and in Lockian philosophy refers to the Right of revolution, responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government. Classification Uprisings which revolt, Resistance movement, resisting and taking direct action against an authority, law or policy, as well as organize, are rebellions. An insurrection is an uprising to change the government. If a government does not recognize rebels as belligerents, then they are insurgents and the revolt is an insurgency. In a larger conflict, the rebels may be recognized as belligerents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humehume
Humehume (c. 1798–1826), known by many different names during his time, such as George Prince, George Prince Kaumualii, Tamoree or Kumoree by American writers, was a son of the king of part of the Hawaiian Islands. He traveled widely, served in the U.S. military, and led a failed rebellion on the island of Kauai. Early life He was born in the late 1790s with the name Humehume. His father was King Kaumualii, ruler of the islands of Kauai and Niihau. His mother was a commoner, of whom not much is known. This might explain an important event that happened when he was a young boy. In January 1804 the American trading ship ''Hazard'' arrived at Kauai. Since the landing of Captain James Cook in January 1778, the port of Waimea had been a known stop for European and American ships in the Pacific. King Kaumualii paid Captain James Rowan of the American trading ship ''Hazard'' to take his son aboard, ostensibly to get an education in America. A more believable theory is that Kaumualii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Hawaii
The flag of Hawaii, also known as the Hawaiian flag, is the State flag, official flag of the U.S. state of Hawaii. It consists of a field of eight horizontal stripes, in the sequence of white, red, blue, white, red, blue, white, red with a British Union Jack depicted as a Canton (flag), canton (placed in the upper-left corner). First adopted in the mid 19th century by the Hawaiian Kingdom, it became the official state flag when Hawaii was Hawaii Admission Act, admitted as the 50th state of the United States in 1959. It is also the only U.S state flag to contain the flag of a foreign country. The use of the Union Jack is a legacy of the British Royal Navy's historical relations with the Hawaiian Kingdom and, in particular, the pro-British sentiment of its first ruler, King Kamehameha I. Despite the design including the British Union Jack, Hawai'i never was a colony of the British Empire. The current design has been in use since 1845. It was retained by the Republic of Hawaii afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Adams (sailor)
Captain Alexander Adams (1780–1871) was a Scottish people, Scotsman who served in the British Royal Navy and then came to the Hawaiian Islands and served in the navy of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Known to the Hawaiians as Alika Napunako Adams. Britain Adams was born December 27, 1780, in Arbroath, Angus, Scotland. He said his father was John Fyfe, who he said was the "Earl of Fyfe", born in Arbroath c. 1754. His mother was Jean Adams, born in Arbroath c. 1758. Leaving Scotland in 1792, he worked 4 years aboard ''Zephyr'' belonging to Husson & Co. out of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. In 1796, he left ''Zephyr'', and joined ''Calcutta'' out of Lancaster, Lancashire, Lancaster for two trips. He was drafted into naval service aboard after the Battle of Trafalgar in the Napoleonic Wars. Hawaii He arrived in Hawaii sometime between 1809 and 1811 on the American trading ship ''Albatross'' from Boston. He met King Kamehameha I and joined English sailor John Young (Hawaii), John Young, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanalei Bay
Hanalei Bay is the largest bay on the north shore of Kauaʻi island in Hawaii. The town of Hanalei is at the midpoint of the bay. Geography Hanalei Bay consists of nearly of beach, surrounded by mountains. In the summer, the bay offers excellent mooring for sailboats, stand up paddle boarding and swimming. The Princeville community overlooks from the northeast entrance to the bay of Hanalei River, . During the winter the surf becomes large and the bay is a favorite surfing location. History The wetlands of Hanalei Bay were used to grow taro by ancient Hawaiians. By the 1860s, the new crop was rice, which was shipped to Honolulu to become the second largest export crop of the islands. The Hanalei Pier was built to help Hanalei farmers move their crops to market. The covered pier's location near the mouth of the Hanalei River and Black Pot beach has long been a favorite family gathering place for fishing, picnicking, swimming, and playing. On April 5, 1824, King Kamehameha I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is List of Christian denominations by number of members, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity, with approximately 230 million baptised members. It operates as a Communion (Christian), communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its Bishop (Orthodox Church), bishops via local Holy Synod, synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the pope of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by them as ''primus inter pares'' (), a title held by the patriarch of Rome prior to 1054. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played an especially prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Since 2018, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), primate of the ROC is the patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The History of the Russian Orthodox Church, history of the ROC begins with the Christianization of Kievan Rus', which commenced in 988 with the baptism of Vladimir the Great and his subjects by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople. Starting in the 14th century, Moscow served as the primary residence of the Russian List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow, metropolitan. The ROC declared autocephaly in 1448 when it elected its own metropolitan. In 1589, the metropolitan was elevated to the position of patriarch with the consent of Constantinople. In the mid-17th century, a series of reforms led to Schism of the Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
