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Run Rig
Run rig, or runrig, also known as rig-a-rendal, was a system of land tenure practised in Scotland, particularly in the Scottish Highlands, Highlands and List of islands of Scotland, Islands. It was used on open-field system, open fields for arable farming. Scottish Gaelic names include (), ('one field at a time'), ('one ridge at a time'), ('peasant field'); in Scots language, Scots it was generally . Its origins are not clear, but it is possible that the practice was adopted in the late medieval period, supplanting earlier enclosed fields which were associated with a more dispersed pattern of settlement. It fell into decline mainly over the last quarter of the 18th century and the first quarter of the 19th century. The land was divided into towns or townships, comprising an area of cultivable "in-bye" land and a larger area of pasture and rough grazing. The in-bye was divided into strips"rigs"which were periodically reassigned among the tenants of the township so that no indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiree
Tiree (; , ) is the most westerly island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. The low-lying island, southwest of Coll, has an area of and a population of around 650. The land is highly fertile, and crofting, alongside tourism, and fishing are the main sources of employment for the islanders. Tiree, along with Colonsay, enjoys a relatively high number of total hours of sunshine during the late spring and early summer compared to the average for the United Kingdom. Tiree is a popular windsurfing venue; it is sometimes referred to as the "Hawaii of the north". In most years, the Tiree World Classic surfing event is held here. People native to the island are known as Tirisdich. History Tiree is known for the 1st-century-AD broch, for the prehistoric carved Ringing Stone and for the birds of the headland. , abbot of Iona Abbey 679–704, recorded several stories relating to St Columba and the island of Tiree. In one story, Columba warned a monk called Berach not to sai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Agriculture In Scotland
The history of agriculture in Scotland includes all forms of farm production in the modern boundaries of Scotland, from the prehistoric era to the present day. Scotland's good arable and pastoral land is found mostly in the south and east of the country. Heavy rainfall, wind and salt spray, in combination with thin soil and overgrazing, made most of the western islands treeless. The terrain often made internal land communication difficult, encouraging a coastal network. In the Neolithic period, from around 6,000 years ago, there is evidence of permanent settlements and farming. The two main sources of food were grain and cow milk. From the Bronze Age, arable land spread at the expense of forest. From the Iron Age, there were hill forts in southern Scotland associated with cultivation ridges and terraces and the fertile plains were already densely exploited for agriculture. During the period of Roman occupation of Britain there was re-growth of trees indicating a reduction in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lazy Bed
Lazy bed ( or ; ; Faroese language, Faroese: ''letivelta'') is a traditional method of arable cultivation, often used for potatoes. Rather like cord rig cultivation, parallel banks of ridge and furrow are dug by spade although lazy beds have banks that are bigger, up to in width, with narrow drainage channels between them. The 1874 Canadian Farmer's Manual of Agriculture notes:A common mode practised in Ireland, and in some parts of the north and west of England and Scotland, is that known as the lazy-bed fashion, which consists in planting the sets in beds of a few feet in width, covered from trenches formed with the spade. In addition to Ireland, England, and Scotland, the practice has been documented in Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland, Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, St. Pierre, the Faroe Islands, the Swiss Alps, Devon, Orkney, and the Isle of Man. One early-20th-century critique of the practise suggests it could lead to overcrowding of plantings. Another cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-field System
The open-field system was the prevalent Agriculture in the Middle Ages, agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages and lasted into the 20th century in Russia, Iran, and Turkey. Each Manorialism, manor or village had two or three large fields, usually several hundred acres each, which were divided into many narrow strips of land. The strips or selions were cultivated by peasants, often called tenants or serfdom, serfs. The holdings of a manor also included woodland and pasture areas for common usage and fields belonging to the lord of the manor and the religious authorities, usually Roman Catholics in medieval Western Europe. The farmers customarily lived in separate houses in a nucleated village with a much larger manor house and church nearby. The open-field system necessitated co-operation among the residents of the manor. The Lord of the Manor, his officials, and a manorial court administered the manor and exercised jurisdiction over the peasantry. The Lord l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rig And Furrow
Rig or RIG may refer to: Objects and structures * Rig (fishing), an arrangement of items used for fishing * Drilling rig, a structure housing equipment used to drill or extract oil from underground * Rig (stage lighting) * rig, a horse-drawn carriage together with the horses and harness * rig, something that a dog pulls when mushing * Rig (sailing), the configuration of sails and masts on a sailing vessel * rig, a parachute system in skydiving * rig, a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver in amateur radio * Oil rig * rig, a tractor unit * rig, a desktop computer Acronym * RIG, the ticker symbol for Transocean, a Swiss offshore drilling company * Radio Independents Group, a UK trade organisation * Reykjavik International Games, a sport event taking place in Iceland * '' Recueil des inscriptions gauloises'', a collection of Gaulish language inscriptions Places * Rig, an alternate name for Bandar Rig, a city in Bushehr Province, Iran * Rig District, a district in Bushehr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rundale
The rundale system (apparently from the Irish Gaelic words "" which refers to the division of something and "", in the sense of apportionment) was a form of occupation of land in Ireland, somewhat resembling the English common field system. The land is divided into discontinuous plots, and cultivated and occupied by a number of tenants to whom it is leased jointly. The system was common in Ireland, especially in the western counties. In Scotland, where the system also existed, it was termed ''run rig'' (with the first element either from the Scottish Gaelic ''roinn'' or the English ''run'', and the second from the Lowland Scots ''rig'' or ridge). History Rundale farming systems in Ireland existed from the Early Medieval Period right up until the time of the First World War. The rundale system of agriculture consisted of nucleated villages known as ''clachans''. Usually the land was of poor quality and the population of people trying to make a living was intensive. The main " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crofting
Crofting (Scottish Gaelic: ') is a form of land tenure and small-scale food production peculiar to the Scottish Highlands, the islands of Scotland, and formerly on the Isle of Man. Within the 19th-century townships, individual crofts were established on the better land, and a large area of poorer-quality hill ground was shared by all the crofters of the township for grazing of their livestock. In the 21st century, crofting is found predominantly in the rural Western and Northern Isles and in the coastal fringes of the western and northern Scottish mainland. History Origins and history before 1886 Crofting communities were a product of the Highland Clearances (though individual crofts had existed before the clearances). Previously, Highland agriculture was based on farms or , which had common grazing and arable open fields operated on the run rig system. An individual might have between five and ten families as tenants. As landowners sought to increase the income from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Uist
North Uist (; ) is an island and community in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Etymology In Donald Munro's ''A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland Called Hybrides'' of 1549, North Uist, Benbecula and South Uist are described as one island of ''Ywst'' (Uist). Starting in the south of this 'island', he described the division between South Uist and Benbecula where "the end heirof the sea enters, and cuts the countrey be ebbing and flowing through it". Further north of Benbecula he described North Uist as "this countrey is called Kenehnache of Ywst, that is in Englishe, the north head of Ywst".''A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland Called Hybrides''; Monro, Donald, 1549 Some have taken the etymology of Uist from Old Norse, meaning "west", much like Westray in Orkney. Another speculated derivation of Uist from Old Norse is ', derived from ' meaning "an abode, dwelling, domicile". A Gaelic etymology is also possible, with ' meaning "Crossings-island" or "Fords-isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrides
The Hebrides ( ; , ; ) are the largest archipelago in the United Kingdom, off the west coast of the Scotland, Scottish mainland. The islands fall into two main groups, based on their proximity to the mainland: the Inner Hebrides, Inner and Outer Hebrides. These islands have a long history of occupation (dating back to the Mesolithic period), and the culture of the inhabitants has been successively influenced by the cultures of Celtic language, Celtic-speaking, Old Norse language, Norse-speaking, and English language, English-speaking peoples. This diversity is reflected in the various names given to the islands, which are derived from the different languages that have been spoken there at various points in their history. The Hebrides are where much of Scottish Gaelic literature and Gaelic music has historically originated. Today, the economy of the islands is dependent on crofting, fishing, tourism, the oil industry, and renewable energy. The Hebrides have less biodiversity t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caschrom
The foot plough is a type of plough used like a spade with the foot in order to cultivate the ground. New Zealand Before the widespread use of metal farm tools from Europe, the Māori people used the , a version of the foot plough made entirely of wood. Scotland Prevalent in northwest Scotland, the Scottish Gaelic language contains many terms for the various varieties, for example 'straight foot' for the straighter variety and on, but 'bent foot' is the most common variety and refers to the crooked spade. The cas-chrom went out of use in the Hebrides in the early years of the 20th century. Describing the Scottish Highlands around 1760, Samuel Smiles wrote:The plough had not yet penetrated into the Highlands; an instrument called the cas-chrom, literally the "crooked foot"- the use of which had been forgotten for hundreds of years in every other country in Europe, was almost the only tool employed in tillage in those parts of the Highlands which were separated by almost impassa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breadalbane, Scotland
Breadalbane (; , meaning "upper Alba" or "upland of Alba") is a region of the southern/central Scottish Highlands, within the Grampian Mountains range. It is a mountainous region comprising the watershed of Loch Tay; its boundaries are roughly the West Highland Way in the west, Rannoch Moor in the northwest, Loch Rannoch in the north, the River Tummel in the east, the Highland boundary in the southeast, and Loch Earn and Loch Voil- Loch Doine in the south. The former Breadalbane district was surrounded by the districts of Atholl, Strathearn, Menteith, The Lennox, Argyll and Lochaber. The Breadalbane Hydro-Electric Scheme lies within the region. The ''Atholl and Breadalbane Gathering'' is a popular 2/4 March tune for the Great Highland Bagpipes. History 350px, A 1689 map, showing the borders of Breadalbane as a distinct Province (in blue, at the centre of the map, as "broad alba-in") Breadalbane formed one of the traditional provinces of Scotland, surrounded by Ath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
