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Rump Kernel
The NetBSD rump kernel is the first implementation of the "anykernel" concept where drivers either can be compiled into or run in the monolithic kernel or in user space on top of a light-weight kernel. The NetBSD drivers can be used on top of the rump kernel on a wide range of POSIX operating systems, such as the Hurd, Linux, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris kernels and even Cygwin, along with the file system utilities built with the rump libraries. The rump kernels can also run without POSIX directly on top of the Xen hypervisor, an L4 microkernel using the Genode OS Framework or even on OS-less bare metal. Anykernel An anykernel is different in concept from microkernels, exokernels, partitioned kernels or hybrid kernels in that it tries to preserve the advantages of a monolithic kernel, while still enabling the faster driver development and added security in user space. The "anykernel" concept refers to an architecture-agnostic approach to drivers where drivers can either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Kernel
A separation kernel is a type of security kernel used to simulate a distributed environment. The concept was introduced by John Rushby in a 1981 paper.John Rushby, "The Design and Verification of Secure Systems," Eighth ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles, pp. 12-21, Asilomar, CA, December 1981. (''ACM Operating Systems Review'', Vol. 15, No. 5). Rushby proposed the separation kernel as a solution to the difficulties and problems that had arisen in the development and verification of large, complex security kernels that were intended to "provide multilevel secure operation on general-purpose multi-user systems." According to Rushby, "the task of a separation kernel is to create an environment which is indistinguishable from that provided by a physically distributed system: it must appear as if each regime is a separate, isolated machine and that information can only flow from one machine to another along known external communication lines. One of the properties we must pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filesystem In Userspace
Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a software interface for Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems that lets non-privileged users create their own file systems without editing kernel code. This is achieved by running file system code in user space while the FUSE module provides only a bridge to the actual kernel interfaces. FUSE is available for Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD (as puffs), OpenSolaris, Minix 3, macOS, MorphOS (as filesysbox.library), and Windows. FUSE is free software originally released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. History The FUSE system was originally part of ''AVFS'' (''A Virtual Filesystem''), a filesystem implementation heavily influenced by the translator concept of the GNU Hurd. It superseded Linux Userland Filesystem, and provided a translational interface using in libfuse1. FUSE was originally released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cd (command)
is a shell command that changes the working directory. It is available in many shells and other applications that maintain a working directory. In some contexts, the command can perform actions other than change directory. Some environments provide the change directory feature via a different command name such as . Implementations Generally, a computer system that provides access to a hierarchical file system, provides a change directory command to set the working directory. As this applies to most operating system shells, most support a change directory command, including Unix and Unix-like (i.e. Linux) shells, and Microsoft shells including Command Prompt and PowerShell. Other operating systems with shells supporting the command include OS/2, TRIPOS, AmigaOS (where the command is implied for an input path), ReactOS, DOSBox, and UEFI. * On MS-DOS, the command is available in version 2 and later * DR DOS 6.0 includes the command as both and * On HP MPE/iX the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mv (Unix)
mv is a shell command for renaming and moving files and directories. If both items are on the same file system, the command renames; otherwise items are copied to the destination and the old items are removed (more specifically unlinked). To move between two directories, the user must have write permission for both because the command modifies the content of both. For a rename, an item's timestamp is not modified. On Unix implementations derived from AT&T Unix, cp, ln and mv are implemented as a single program with hard-linked binaries. History Multics provided a file move/rename command named . A version with the contracted name appeared in Version 1 Unix and became part of the X/Open Portability Guide issue 2 of 1987. The version in GNU Core Utilities was written by Mike Parker, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. The command is available in Windows via UnxUtils. The command was ported to IBM i. Options Most implementations support: * -i interactive; the comma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cp (Unix)
cp is a shell command for copying files and directories. If the user has write access to a target file, the command copies the content by opening it in update mode. This preserves the file's inode instead of creating a new file with default permissions. The command was part of Version 1 Unix, and is specified by POSIX. The implementation from GNU has many additional options beyond the POSIX specification. The command is bundled in GNU Core Utilities and is available in the EFI shell. Options *-f (force) – specifies removal of each target file if it cannot be opened for write operations; removal precedes any copying * -H (dereference) – follows symbolic link In computing, a symbolic link (also symlink or soft link) is a file whose purpose is to point to a file or directory (called the "target") by specifying a path thereto. Symbolic links are supported by POSIX and by most Unix-like operating syste ...s so that the destination has the target file rather ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Unix Commands
This is a list of the shell commands of the most recent version of the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) IEEE Std 1003.1-2024 which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands are implemented in many shells on modern Unix, Unix-like and other operating systems. This list does not cover commands for all versions of Unix and Unix-like shells nor other versions of POSIX. See also * GNOME Core Applications * GNU Core Utilities * List of GNU packages * List of KDE applications * List of Unix daemons * Unix philosophy The Unix philosophy, originated by Ken Thompson, is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to Minimalism (computing), minimalist, Modularity (programming), modular software development. It is based on the experience of leading devel ... * References External links IEEE Std 1003.1,2004 specificationsIEEE Std 1003.1,2008 specificationsIEEE Std 1003.1,2024 specifications– configurable list of equivalent pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mtools
Mtools is a free software collection of utilities to allow a Unix operating system to manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system, typically a floppy disk or floppy disk image. The mtools are part of the GNU Project and are released under the GNU General Public License (GPL-3.0-or-later). Usage The following refers to mtools usage in floppy images. (Useful for virtual machines such as QEMU or VirtualBox.) Copying a file to floppy image: $ mcopy -i Disk.img file_source ::file_target Copying a file from floppy image to the current directory: $ mcopy -i Disk.img ::file_source file_target Deleting all files in the disk image $ mdel -i Disk.img '::*.*' The drive character : (colon) has a special meaning. It is used to access image files which are directly specified on the command line using the -i options. See also * Disk image References External links mtools official pageon the GNU GNU ( ) is an extensive collection of free software (394 packages ), which can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Stack
The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family. Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the ''suite'' is the definition of the communication protocols, and the ''stack'' is the software implementation of them. Individual protocols within a suite are often designed with a single purpose in mind. This modularization simplifies design and evaluation. Because each protocol module usually communicates with two others, they are commonly imagined as layers in a stack of protocols. The lowest protocol always deals with low-level interaction with the communications hardware. Each higher layer adds additional capabilities. User applications usually deal only with the topmost layers. General protocol suite description T ~ ~ ~ T ____ Imagine three computers: ''A'', ''B'', and ''C''. ''A'' and ''B'' both have radio equipment and can communicate via the airwaves using a suitable netw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monolithic Kernel
A monolithic kernel is an operating system software architecture, architecture with the entire operating system running in kernel space. The monolithic model differs from other architectures such as the microkernel in that it alone defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware. A set of primitives or system calls implement all operating system services such as Process (computing), process management, Concurrency (computer science), concurrency, and memory management. Device drivers can be added to the kernel as loadable kernel modules. Examples *Most BSD kernels **FreeBSD **OpenBSD **NetBSD *Linux kernel **Android (operating system), Android *Other Unix/Unix-like kernels **AIX **Oracle Solaris *MS-DOS **Windows 9x *OpenVMS *Palm OS (version ≤ 5.0) Loadable modules Modular operating systems such as OS-9 and most modern monolithic-kernel operating systems such as OpenVMS, Linux kernel, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Oracle Solaris, Solaris, and AIX can d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
